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Neostructural zoning and hazardous processes in the Chara rift basin
- Authors: Nesmeyanov S.A.1, Sergeev D.O.1, Voeykova O.A.1, Kulakov A.P.1
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Affiliations:
- Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences
- Issue: No 4 (2024)
- Pages: 14-28
- Section: NATURAL AND TECHNONATURAL PROCESSES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0869-7809/article/view/274964
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869780924040025
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SFZETT
- ID: 274964
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Abstract
Routine distinguishing of morphostructures upon neotectonical studies in the Chara rift area is supplemented by the orotectonic method. This combination permitted us to characterize the phases and unevenness of orogenesis and faulting along the regional normal fault. The instability of Mesozoic and recent structure formation is revealed, as well as the Neo-Pleistocene activation of the structures known in Alpine orogens. It is shown that the structurally dependent features of the relief control the specifics of exogenous geohazards manifestation. Using the tectonic method, the established patterns may also be valid for other rifts in the Baikal Rift Zone.
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About the authors
S. A. Nesmeyanov
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: voa94@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per. 13, bld. 2, Moscow, 101000
D. O. Sergeev
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: sergueevdo@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per. 13, bld. 2, Moscow, 101000
O. A. Voeykova
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: voa94@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per. 13, bld. 2, Moscow, 101000
A. P. Kulakov
Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: cryolithozone@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Ulanskii per. 13, bld. 2, Moscow, 101000
References
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Supplementary files
Supplementary Files
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Fig. 1. Geological section of the Chara Depression [3]. 1 - clay, siltstone; 2 - silty deposits; 3 - loam; 4 - sandy loam; 5 - sand; 6 - gravel; 7 - pebbles; 8 - boulders; 9 - gravel, crushed rock, blocks; 10 - outlier; 11 - Mesozoic sedimentary deposits (Apsat trough); 12 - crystalline basement rocks; 13 - sandstone; 14 - siltstone; 15 - conglomerate; 16 - terminal moraine (a - ablation, b - ribbed, c - pressure); 17 - tectonic fault; 18 - seismic dislocation; 19 - section of the section along the fault zone; 20 – absolute marks of the level of the glacial-dammed lake (sr – Sartan era, mr – Murukta era); 21 – borehole. Numbers: top – number, bottom – depth in meters (a – borehole in the plane of the section, b – projected onto the plane of the section).
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Fig. 2. Geological and geomorphological profile (along line A–B, Fig. 3). Articulation of the Kodar Ridge-uplift with the Chara Rift Basin. 1 – geomorphological levels; 2–3 – newest ruptures: 2 – regional, 3 – local.
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Fig. 3. Scheme of non-structural zoning of the central part of the Chara Depression and adjacent ridges-uplifts. 1–2 – faults (a – reliable, b – assumed): 1 – regional, 2 – local; 3 – lines of geological-geomorphological profiles (A–B – see Fig. 2, B–G – see Fig. 4); 4 – well No. 126; 5–6 – indices of block structures: 5 – regional, 6 – local.
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5.
Fig. 4. Geological and geomorphological profile along the line B–G. Udokan ridge-uplift and its junction with the China-Kalar depression. (See Fig. 2 for legend).
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Fig. 5. The steep face of the South Kodar fault (photo by A. Lesnyansky).
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Fig. 6. Scheme for calculating stage-by-stage displacements along the South Kodar fault.
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Fig. 7. Graph of changes in the step-by-step velocities of fault displacements along the South Kodar fault.
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Fig. 8. Alpine-type relief type of the Kodar Ridge-uplift with predominantly steep slopes and widespread landslide, avalanche and mudflow trails of alluvial fans (photo by A. Lesnyansky).
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Fig. 9. Plain relief type of the Chara rift basin with a meandering belt of the Chara River and swampy sparse forests – marshes (photo by A. Kulakov).
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Fig. 10. Formation of a suffusion funnel 1.5 m deep on the Novaya Chara – China railway line (3rd kilometer of the road) (photo by A. Kulakov).
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Fig. 11. Goltsy type of relief of the Udokan ridge-elevation with “dome-shaped” peaks and a cover of coarse-grained debris accumulations – kurums (photo by A. Kulakov).
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Fig. 12. Alluvial debris fans blocking a section of the Novaya Chara – China railway line (51st kilometer of the road) (photo by A. Kulakov).
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Fig. 13. Hilly-depressed moraine plain of the intramountain China-Kalar depression, partially filled with melt water (photo by A. Lesnyansky).
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Fig. 14. Sharply dissected goltsy mountains of the Kalarsky ridge-uplift with steep landslide-talus slopes (photo by A. Kulakov).
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Fig. 15. Wave-like subsidence of a section of the Novaya Chara – China railway line (68th kilometer of the road), caused by the thermokarst process (photo by A. Kulakov).
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