Vol 56, No 2 (2016)

Adamantane hydrocarbons have been isolated from Cenomanian heavy naphthenic oil of the Russkoe field using the thiocarbamide adduction method. Steam distillation of the oil has given a fraction (boiling range 105–150°C) containing 0.36 wt % adamantane, from which a concentrate containing 18.2 wt % C₁₀–C₁₄ adamantane derivatives has been obtained. Adamantane and its derivatives in the crude oil, oil fractions, and concentrate have been identified, and adamantane has been quantified using the gas chromatography—mass spectrometry technique.

Mesoporous polymeric supports modified with sulfo groups and PPI dendrimers have been prepared. Catalysts containing palladium and platinum nanoparticles have been synthesized on their basis. The resulting catalysts have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been shown that the metal deposition procedure has an effect on the morphology of the resulting catalyst. Catalytic activity has been studied using the example of the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene and naphthalene at temperatures of 80 and 400°C, and pressures of 1.0 and 5.0 MPa, respectively.

The etherification of glycerol with n-butyl alcohol at 140°C in the presence of sulfonated cation-exchange resins and zeolite catalysts in an autoclave reactor has been studied. It has been shown that styrene—divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins are effective catalysts for the production of glycerol n-butyl ethers: the glycerol conversion is about 98% with an n-butyl ether selectivity of about 88 mol % (140°C, 5 h, 5 wt % Amberlyst 36 catalyst, and 10 wt % glycerol in n-butanol). Zeolites Y and β in the H⁺ form exhibit comparable specific activity (glycerol conversion of no more than 25% under similar conditions) in combination with high selectivity for glycerol di-n-butyl ethers (up to 28%).

Micro-mesoporous samples of materials based on faujasite Y (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 85) have been obtained by modifying in a solution containing either a base or a base and a surfactant. The influence of the composition of the alkaline solution (NaOH, NH₄OH, (CH₃)₄NOH) and the presence of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the system have been studied. It has been shown that it is reasonable to prepare faujasite-based micro-mesoporous materials on by the action of the organic base tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH). It has been found that the extent of desilylation, which determines the chemical composition and share of mesopores in materials, depends on the TMAOH concentration and the presence of surfactant. In the presence of CTAB mesopores with a diameter of about 40 Å are formed, the share of which can be controlled by treatment conditions. The resulting materials have been examined in the reaction of cyclohexanone oxime conversion to ε-caprolactam. It has been found that materials with the combined micro-mesoporous structure show higher stability among the samples with similar acidic properties but different porosity characteristics.

A catalyst for alkylation of benzene with ethylene to ethylbenzene has been prepared by mixing 70% H⁺-ZSM-5 zeolite having a silica ratio of 30 with 30% pseudoboehmite followed by shaping granules, their drying, and calcining for 6 h at 650°C in air. A part of the catalyst has been treated by steaming with 100% steam at 600°C for 3 h. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of catalyst samples have been studied. The catalysts have been tested in a laboratory setup in the temperature interval of 380–450°C at 2.5MPa, a benzene space velocity of 15 h⁻¹, and a benzene/ethylene molar ratio of 7: 1. The properties of EBEMAX-1, an imported analogue of the catalysts have been studied under the same conditions. It has been found that the synthesized catalysts are not inferior to the imported sample in the catalytic properties.

The structure of perhydrofluorene and its isomerization products 1,3,5-trimethyladamantane, 1,3,6-trimethyladamantane, cis-1,3,4-trimethyladamantane, trans-1,3,4-trimethyladamantane, 1-ethyl-3-methyladamantane, cis-1-ethyl-4-methyladamantane, trans-1-ethyl-4-methyladamantane, 1,2,6-trimethyladamantane, and 1,2,8-trimethyladamantane of the general formula C₁₃H₂₂ has been studied using the Becke—Lee—Yang—Parr (B3LYP) hybrid energy functional of electron density with the 6-31G* basis set. The geometric and electronic characteristics of the compounds and their total energy, transformation energies, entropies of transformations, and normal vibration frequencies have been calculated. It has been shown that the calculated Gibb free energies of formation for the perhydrofluorene isomerization products are in qualitative agreement with the experimental product composition of the isomerate.

In this study an extreme pressure and anti-corrosion additive package for gear oils has been created. In this context three different organic molecules were synthesized. Methylene-bis (dibutyldithiocarbamate), Sulfured oleic acid and o,o-Dialkyldithio Phosphate. Mass spectrums and Elemental analyses were carried out for these three molecules. For each molecule 4-ball weld points (WP), 4-ball Wear Scar Diameter (WSD), Copper corrosion (CC) and salt spray tests (SS) were carried out. Antioxidant properties of synthesized molecules were determined. According to the test results eight different additive packages were prepared and WP, WSD, CC and SS tests were applied to each package to determine a suitable package content. The highest yield was obtained in the five and six additive package with 250, 300 kg weld point and 0.41, 0.53 mm scar diameter respectively. For all additive packages the extreme pressure and corrosion resistance properties of gear oil increase by increasing the percentage of Methylene-bis (dibutyldithiocarbamate). o,o-Dialkyldithio Phosphate showed the highest antioxidant activity and it has been obtained bets corrosion protection with Sulfured oleic acid.