Влияние систем вентиляции на риск распространения вирусов (обзорная статья)
- Авторы: Абрамкина Д.В.1, Верма В.1
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Учреждения:
- Московский государственный строительный университет
- Выпуск: Том 31, № 6 (2024)
- Страницы: 419-428
- Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/314518
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco640885
- ID: 314518
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Аннотация
Понимание механизма аэрозольной передачи респираторных инфекционных заболеваний имеет важное значение для прогнозирования воздушного режима помещений при проектировании систем вентиляции. Поиск теоретических исследований производили с помощью различных комбинаций ключевых слов в базе данных PubMed. В выборке были представлены статьи по влиянию параметров внутреннего микроклимата и условий работы вентиляционных систем на риск распространения вирусов. С 2020 г. наблюдается повышенный интерес к изучению механизма распространения вирусных инфекций посредством аэрозольной передачи внутри зданий и объектов транспортной инфраструктуры с учётом условий эксплуатации инженерных систем. В настоящее время существует серьёзная доказательная база зависимости жизнеспособности вирусных аэрозолей от температурно-влажностного режима помещений. Поддержание оптимальной относительной влажности воздуха от 40 до 60% при стандартной комнатной температуре необходимо не только с точки зрения стабильности аэрозольных систем, но и нейтрализации вирусов. Выявлено недостаточное количество исследований по влиянию подвижности и загрязнения внутренней среды на стабильность вирусных патогенов. Представлена значительная выборка статей, подтверждающих влияние эффективности работы вентиляционных систем на инфекционную нагрузку в зданиях. Для снижения риска распространения респираторных вирусов необходимо обеспечивать расход воздуха не менее 30 м3/ч на человека. На основе проведённых теоретических исследований была разработана система практических рекомендаций по режиму работы систем вентиляции в условиях роста заболеваемости. Выявлены отклонения международных и российских нормативно-технических требований по обеспечению комфортных параметров внутреннего микроклимата и качества воздушной среды с точки зрения уменьшения риска распространения респираторных заболеваний.
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Дарья Викторовна Абрамкина
Московский государственный строительный университет
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dabramkina@ya.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8635-1669
SPIN-код: 2376-9125
канд. техн. наук, доцент
Россия, 129337, Москва, Ярославское ш., д. 26Вишал Верма
Московский государственный строительный университет
Email: vishalverma2k16@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-5290-9162
аспирант
Россия, 129337, Москва, Ярославское ш., д. 26Список литературы
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