Increased human body contamination with cadmium following inclusion of sunflower seeds in diet
- Authors: Afonkina S.R.1, Yakhina M.R.1, Usmanova E.N.1, Allayarova G.R.1, Astakhova M.I.2, Larionova T.K.1, Daukaev R.A.1, Fazlieva A.S.1
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Affiliations:
- Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
- Bashkir State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 31, No 12 (2024)
- Pages: 921-930
- Section: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1728-0869/article/view/314565
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco643208
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/emtgyu
- ID: 314565
Cite item
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sunflower seeds are characterized by their year-round availability, high nutritional value, and relatively low cost. Medical professionals and applied science experts emphasize the importance of incorporating whole sunflower seeds into the general population’s diet. However, concerns about consumer safety—particularly the elevated cadmium content in sunflower seeds—are periodically raised in mass media. The Oil and Fat Union of Russia acknowledges the existence of this issue. At the same time, there is no consensus among scientists regarding the permissible levels of heavy metals in food and their overall impact on human health and the food chain.
AIM: The study aimed to assess the contribution of cadmium to the total toxic load from heavy metals present in sunflower seeds and to determine potential health risks associated with their regular consumption using dietary simulation modeling.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included food products of regional origin and water samples from 27 centralized water supply sources located in the areas where study participants resided. Seven-day dietary and water intake recall questionnaires were collected and processed from 160 physically healthy respondents of reproductive age. In addition, cadmium and other toxic elements were measured in 26 samples of snack-type sunflower seeds using chemical analysis.
RESULTS: The permissible concentration of toxic elements in sunflower seeds was exceeded only for cadmium, with an average content of 0.23 ± 0.06 mg/kg. Daily consumption of the seeds in the amount recommended by nutritionists (50 g per day), cadmium intake ranges from 0.007 to 0.009 mg, which is twice as high as the intake from food and water—0.0033 ± 0.0012 mg and 0.0007 ± 0.0003 mg, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Simulation modeling of dietary inclusion of 50 g of snack-type sunflower seeds predicts an oral cadmium intake corresponding to an average of 31.4% of the tolerable daily intake established in the Russian Federation.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Svetlana R. Afonkina
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Author for correspondence.
Email: svetafonk1@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0445-9057
SPIN-code: 3521-1536
Cand. Sci. (Chemistry)
Russian Federation, UfaMargarita R. Yakhina
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Email: zmr3313@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2692-372X
SPIN-code: 5925-2360
Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, UfaElsa N. Usmanova
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Email: 4usmanova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5455-6472
SPIN-code: 9088-3293
Russian Federation, Ufa
Guzel R. Allayarova
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Email: ufa.lab@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0838-3598
SPIN-code: 3704-1010
Cand. Sci. (Biology)
Russian Federation, UfaMargarita I. Astakhova
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: Astachova_mi@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8750-3852
SPIN-code: 4405-3181
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicice), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, UfaTatyana K. Larionova
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Email: larionovatk@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9754-4685
SPIN-code: 5305-0589
Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor
Russian Federation, UfaRustem A. Daukaev
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Email: ufa.lab@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0421-4802
SPIN-code: 4086-7132
Cand. Sci. (Biology)
Russian Federation, UfaAnna S. Fazlieva
Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology
Email: nytik-21@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0037-6791
SPIN-code: 6215-4556
Russian Federation, Ufa
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