DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF NEUROTROPHIC CHEMICALS

Exposure to neurotropic chemicals (benzene, toluene, xylene, aluminum, manganese, nickel, etc.) as a result of environmental pollution can exacerbate unmodifiable (burdened heredity) and modifiable (intrauterine infections during pregnancy, childbirth and the first week of a child's life) damage factors of central nervous system. The review considers some aspects of the development of negative effects when exposed to benzene, aluminum, manganese, nickel and copper. The present-day data of international and national studies devoted to the study of this problem in terms of the development of the toxic action of neurotoxicants are presented. The individual links of the development of pathological processes are considered, namely, violation of the generation, conduction and transmission of nerve impulses, neurogenesis as a result of activation of oxidative processes, potentiation of excitotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction and neuro-inflammation. The review provides a detailed description of the development of neurotoxic effects. It is shown that when exposed to benzene, an effect is formed in the form of a violation of the synaptic transmission of the nerve impulse associated with the development of oxidative stress in the nervous tissue. Manganese and aluminum oxides are capable of causing direct cytotoxic damage to neurons, followed by the formation of a neuroinflammatory response and disruption of the process of neurogenesis. The mechanism of development of synaptic dysfunction may be associated with the action of aluminum ions, zinc, iron and copper. The presented generalized materials on the etiopathogenetic effect of neurotropic chemicals allow to expand the scientific understanding of the mechanisms of the toxic effects of exogenous chemical environmental factors on the central nervous system.