Development of small towns in Russia as a factor of new architectural and spatial solutions formation of the late 19th - early 20th century

It is dedicated to architectural, economical and social mechanisms of small town development as a research subject of urban and rural habitat. The late 19th - early 20th century is the period of cardinal changes in different spheres of people’s life and activities. The attempt of established principles reconstruction of society organization in order to resolve the most pressing problems of that time has led to the changes in the sphere of urban and rural architecture. In the early 20 century the differences between notions “town” and “village” and contradiction of construction principles of urban and rural settlement became so critical that the necessity of creation of some contiguous instrument of urban development and social resettlement has led to creation of numerous architectural and urban development conceptions. Universal reformation in the relation to village and town architectural and spatial solutions in terms of fast pace of industrialization development became the main goal of the projects. Such sociocultural and architectural and spatial phenomenon as labor and factory settlements became one of the most important factor of a new concept formation of resettlement within the country in 1920s. Their formation and development were carried out at the charity expense and due to active role of entrepreneurs of the late 19th century.

small town, village, factory settlements, urbanism, disurbanism, social resettlement, city-planning discussion of 1920s, charity