Recycling of bismuth oxides

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Introduction. The paper is devoted to the creation of an environmentally safe, technologically efficient and cost-effective high-performance integrated scheme for the recycling of lead-containing industrial products and waste, in particular, bismuth oxides and drosses formed during the melting of copper-electrolyte sludge, with the production of commodity monoelement products. To solve the problem, a combined technology is used, which is based on hydrometallurgical operations that allow separating chemical elements with similar properties with high extraction into finished products. The aim of the work is to study and develop fundamental approaches and rational integrated technologies for recycling bismuth drosses and oxides-industrial products of refining rough lead, using reducing melts of raw materials and bismuth-enriched sludge, electrolysis of bismuth lead to obtain rough bismuth containing  ≥ 90 % Bi with its direct extraction of  ≥ 70 %. Methods and approaches: melting at a temperature of 1,100…1,150 oC a charge of optimal composition containing bismuth oxides, sodium carbonate, silicon dioxide and carbon. Novelty: a decrease in the content of noble metals and accompanying chalcogenes in secondary copper-containing raw materials with an increase in the amount of impurity elements. Results and discussion: joint melting (1,100…1,150 °C) of bismuth oxides, sodium carbonate, silicon dioxide and carbon, taken in the mass ratio 100 : (15?66) : (11?25) : (5?7), allows to transfer 89.0 – 93.6 % of bismuth and 99.5 ? 99.7 % of lead from the initial oxides to bismuth lead containing ~7 % Bi and ~80 % Pb. The main phase of the Pb-Bi alloy is elemental lead. The increased flux consumption leads to an increase in the amount of recycled silicate slags that are poor in target metals, into which it passes,%: 1.4 Bi; 2 Pb; 47 Zn; 23 Sb; 33 Sn. Main slag phases are following: Na2CaSiO4, Na4Mg2Si3O10, MgO, Pb, ZnS, PbS. The practical relevance is determined by the optimal mode of reducing melting of bismuth oxides (100 %) to obtain lead bismuth, %: 66 Na2CO3, 25 SiO2, 5 C; the process temperature is 1,150 ° C. The presence of impurities makes it necessary to introduce reagent treatment of lead bismuth into the technological scheme for recycling bismuth oxides. Decontamination and alkaline softening will make it possible to obtain a Pb-Bi alloy suitable for pyroelectrometallurgical recycling.

About the authors

A. A. Korolev

Email: A.Korolev@elem.ru
Ph.D. (Engineering), JSC "Uralelektromed", 1 Prospect Uspensky, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, 624091, Russian Federation, A.Korolev@elem.ru

S. V. Sergeichenko

Email: sesv@elem.ru
JSC "Uralelektromed", 1 Prospect Uspensky, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, 624091, Russian Federation, sesv@elem.ru

K. L. Timofeev

Email: K.Timofeev@elem.ru
Ph.D. (Engineering), JSC "Uralelektromed", K.Timofeev@elem.ru

G. I. Maltsev

Email: mgi@elem.ru
D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor, JSC "Uralelektromed", 1 Prospect Uspensky, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, 624091, Russian Federation, mgi@elem.ru

R. S. Voinkov

Email: Voinkov@elem.ru
Ph.D. (Engineering), JSC "Uralelektromed", 1 Prospect Uspensky, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, 624091, Russian Federation, R,Voinkov@elem.ru

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