Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia

 

The journal “Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia” publishes the results of fundamental and applied research, analytical materials of leading experts from Russia and abroad.

The main goals of the journal are:

  • information exchange, spreading the scientific results and achievements and other innovations in the field of the level and quality of life research, as well as related areas;
  • substantiation, development, and dissemination of the concept of increasing the level and quality of life as an integral idea of ​​the innovative development of society;
  • expanding opportunities for indexing scientific papers in key Russian and international citation databases.

The journal, as part of the Russian and international scientific information system, fulfills the following tasks:

  • reflection of the research results, both fundamental and applied, presented by specialists, graduate students, and applicants who focus on the issues of the level and quality of life;
  • formation of the research component of the university environment and dissemination of the main scientific achievements in the field of the level and quality of life;
  • identification of scientific potential to implement the advanced achievements in order to improve the level and quality of life in Russia and internationally;
  • organization of open scientific polemics, contributing to the improvement of the quality of dissertation research, the effectiveness of the examination of scientific works;
  • ensuring publicity and openness reflecting the main areas of activity of international research teams in the field of the level and quality of life issues.

The journal is included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission in the following thematic areas:

5.2.3 Regional and sectoral economics (economic sciences)

5.4.2. Economic sociology (sociological sciences)

5.4.3. Demography (sociological sciences)

5.4.3. Demography (economic sciences)

5.4.4. Social structure, social institutions and processes (sociological sciences)

It supports research and discussions on various economic, sociological, and demographic problems of the level and quality of life.

 

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Current Issue

Vol 21, No 1 (2025): DEMOGRAPHIC AND FAMILY POLICY. REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF THE QUALITY AND STANDARD OF LIVING

Cover Page

Full Issue

Chief editor's column

Chief editor’s column
Bobkov V.N.
Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):7-11
pages 7-11 views

Article of the issue

What demographic policy does Russia need
Avdeev Y.A.
Abstract

The purpose of the study is to reveal the reasons that have prevented the sustainable demographic development of the country, and the extension of the current policy leads to a decrease in the population, and to offer an option, in case of successful implementation, to recommend for other regions. The total fertility rate for the future until 2036 does not bring to the level of simple reproduction, and the population will continue to decline. The continuation of the trend is a real threat to national security, and the shortage of labor resources hinders the development of the country's economic potential. Among the reasons are an inadequate assessment of the demographic situation, the wrong choice of priorities, and a limited set of tools for influencing the demographic behavior of the population. The object of this research is the demographic policy pursued in Russia since 2007. The subject of the analysis is the documents that determine the content of this policy, as well as the conceptual approaches underlying it. An alternative position (2005) is considered: the demographic situation of the 90s is close to disaster, and a program of decisive action is needed. The article discusses the main directions of the new demographic policy, the basis of which is the worldview position based on the laws of socio-economic development. Success will be determined by the transition from the setting of "saving" the population to its increase; recognition of the state as the main beneficiary of population growth; the consolidation by law of a provision recognizing the work of a woman in raising her children as socially useful; understanding of housing as an effective lever of demographic policy; transition to a new level of industrial development of the country, with a high level of income of the employed; changes in the spatial organization of the population's life, focused on creating conditions for population reproduction; With the understanding of migration not only as a way to overcome the shortage of labor resources, but also as a source of growth in demographic potential, the conditions for expanded reproduction. The information base of the study was publicly available statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as data from published materials in various publications.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):12-27
pages 12-27 views

Economic research

Quality of working life in Russian regions
Chernykh E.A.
Abstract

The study is devoted to the аnalysis of regional differences in the quality of working life. Attention to this issue will improve the working and living conditions of citizens and promote balanced socio-economic development of the country, help cope with the challenges of personnel shortage and enhance the competitiveness of regional economies. Analysis of regional differences makes it possible to develop targeted effective measures to support employment. The article provides a systematic review of publications by Russian authors devoted to measuring and assessing the quality of working life in different regions of Russia. Russian authors have not developed a unified methodology for assessing the quality of working life in the regional context; there is a mixture of macro- and micro-indicators, as well as objective and subjective measures. Among the publications of foreign authors, there is a wide range of works devoted to the assessment of this aspect in different countries (mainly European) based on the following methods: the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) System for Measuring and Assessing the Quality of Work, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Quality of Employment Measurement Framework, the Eurofoundation Quality of Work Indices, the Quality of Employment Index of the International Institute on Inequality, etc. The purpose of the empirical study is to analyze the differences in the main indicators of the quality of working life at the level of the federal districts of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study was the characteristics of the quality of working life: unemployment rate, the share of the poor and the share of those with precarious employment, the level of qualifications, satisfaction with various aspects of employment. The object of the study is the federal districts of Russia. The empirical base was the microdata of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the Population from 2014 to 2022. Summary indices of job satisfaction and indices of working conditions were calculated for the federal districts. A comparison of federal districts was made based on objective indicators of the labor market: unemployment rate, proportion of low-income and precariously employed people, and the level of workers' qualifications. The main challenges of the labor market for regional labor markets and directions for solving the identified problems were formulated.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):28-42
pages 28-42 views
Housing provision for households with children in modern Russia
Guzanova A.K.
Abstract

In the implementation of effective family policy, a place is ensured by ensuring affordable housing. The object of our study was households with children, inclusion - their housing security. The purpose of the study is to identify problems associated with improving the living conditions of households with children in Russia. For the analysis, data from representative monitoring sociological surveys of households «Comprehensive observations of the living conditions of the population» conducted by Rosstat in 2011-2022 were used. Estimates of housing рrovision were obtained depending on the socio-demographic composition of households. Households with children are characterized by a marked deterioration in housing conditions in the presence of two or more children, cramped housing, especially urban apartments, living in individual houses of large families, and a low level of improvement of their homes. For the worse, large and young families stand out. The dynamics of housing provision shows that with an increase in the average Russian indicators, the situation of families with children is not getting better. At the same time, housing provision for households without children is growing, especially those living alone. The consequences of the mass construction of multi-storey small-sized housing over the years have been investigated. It is shown that this has influenced demographic indicators towards an increase in the proportion of households without children, especially single ones. With such trends, the implementation of a family policy aimed at increasing the birth rate seems problematic. More than half of large families live in their own homes rather than apartments. The actual living conditions and preferences of families with children suggest that for them the massive construction of individual housing could be one of the main means of solving the housing problem. The primary task is also to increase the level of housing improvement and the development of road and engineering infrastructure. A State social policy is needed to improve housing рrovision for families with children.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):43-58
pages 43-58 views
Analysis of pension indexation methods in order to achieve the well-being of older generations
Solov'ev A.K.
Abstract

The relevance and novelty is due to radical changes in the mechanism of indexation of all types of state pensions for the current budget, planned and long-term periods. Practical decisions of public administration bodies require theoretical understanding and critical analysis of the final social and economic results from the perspective of solving the most long-standing problem of socio-economic development of our country - the poverty of pensioners as the most vulnerable category of citizens. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes and substantiate the conditions for reducing pensioner poverty. The subject of the study is the state pension provision in Russia. To identify the causes of pensioner poverty, the study uses actuarial and statistical analysis methods based on open information sources: Rosstat, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, the Federal Tax Service, etc. As a result of a multifactorial analysis of the methods of indexing insurance pensions, the main problems and factors determining the size and forms of increase in various pensions have been identified, and theoretical and practical tools for improving the forms and methods of indexing have been substantiated. It is proved that the indexation of insurance pensions should be considered as an economic mechanism for preserving the pension rights of insured persons in conditions of insured risks during the onset of insured events of old age, disability, loss of breadwinner. Indexation should ensure the purchasing power of insurance pensions throughout the life of pensioners. Different indexation methods have different effects on maintaining the adequacy of pension payments in the long term, especially in conditions of rising life expectancy and volatile inflation.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):59-71
pages 59-71 views
Improvement of the urban environment in a highly urbanized region: from economic sustainability to an increase in the quality of life
Kutyrin D.O., Zvorykina T.I.
Abstract

This study examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the relationship between the state of the urban environment and economic sustainability in highly urbanized regions. The purpose of the study is to examine the degree of influence of urban improvement on economic sustainability and quality of life in highly urbanized regions. The central place in the study is occupied by the conceptualization of urban improvement as a multifaceted system that has a significant impact on the sustainability of the regional economy, as well as on the quality of life. The study examines various approaches to defining the concept of "region", as well as which regions can be considered highly urbanized within the framework of domestic specifics, including using the approaches developed by the United Nations. The theoretical basis used in this study emphasizes the dynamic interdependence between urban development, economic sustainability and the quality of life of the population. Also, various approaches to defining economic sustainability in a regional context are considered. Based on the works of domestic and foreign researchers, the corresponding components are identified, indicators are proposed that allow for a quantitative assessment of the designated areas. The results of the study highlight a moderate linear relationship between the quality of the urban environment and a group of indicators characterizing the economic sustainability of the region. Regions with a higher quality of the urban environment systematically demonstrate higher economic indicators, which indicates the transformative potential of targeted improvement of the urban environment. A similar effect was found in relation to the quality of life. The data obtained indicate a hierarchical stratification of regions - from regions with low indicators of the state of the urban environment and economy to clusters with higher indicator values. These results confirm the hypothesis that the improvement of the urban environment is one of the factors of economic sustainability of the region, being an auxiliary tool in achieving economic sustainability.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):72-87
pages 72-87 views
Analysis of the social situation and the effectiveness of government bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on citizens’ appeals
Aliev D.F., Urozhenko V.V., Volkov D.V., Pilgun М.А.
Abstract

The article presents an original methodology for analyzing the effectiveness of government bodies in the regions of the Russian Federation based on citizen appeals, as well as identifying social well-being and tension, and preventing the latter's growth in Russian society. The study aimed to develop and test a methodology for analyzing the informational support of government bodies' activities in the regions of the Russian Federation based on citizen appeals. The research addressed the following tasks: developing a system of indices and ratings to analyze the informational support of government bodies' activities in the regions of the Russian Federation based on citizen appeals; testing the developed methodology; and determining the effectiveness of government bodies based on the obtained data. The results of the first stage of the project are presented, during which materials from citizen appeals and the responses of government bodies at the federal, regional, and local levels were analyzed. This allowed conclusions to be drawn about the success of government bodies in various regions of the Russian Federation. As a result of the research, a methodology for forming indices to create regional ratings of the Russian Federation based on citizen appeals was developed and tested. The final consolidated rating, which integrates the results presented in the indices and intermediate ratings, made it possible to track the dynamics of government bodies' performance in improving the effectiveness of dialogue with the population across various regions of the Russian Federation. Positive examples include Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Amur Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Kamchatka Territory, the Kirov Region, the Perm Territory, the Republic of Ingushetia, and the Smolensk Region. Regions demonstrating negative dynamics in organizing work based on citizen appeals were also identified. The final consolidated rating made it possible to track the dynamics of government bodies' performance in various regions of the Russian Federation in improving the effectiveness of dialogue between society and the government.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):88-99
pages 88-99 views

Sociological research

Russian family well-being in the self-assessments of the population
Tanatova D.K., Korolev I.V.
Abstract

The article presents the sociological understanding of family well-being as a prerequisite for the full performance of the basic functions of this paramount social institution. Based on the analysis of Russian and foreign sources on the subject of well-being, the conceptual content of the core concept of "family well-being" is formulated, since there was no definition of it that met the requirements of the authors of the study. In order to obtain a holistic view of family well-being, the authors propose the use of a sociological approach that examines the complex of economic, social and psychological segments of well-being. The authors analyse the results of a sociological study in which they assessed these segments and drew conclusions about the level of well-being of the Russian family as a whole. In particular, it is pointed out that the state of economic well-being of the family is negatively influenced by low income, housing problems and borrowing. Social well-being is negatively affected by the reproductive passivity of families, excessive workload of parents, lack of necessary control and education of children. The state of psychological well-being of the Russian family is the most favourable compared to other segments. It is characterised by a positive family atmosphere, short-lived conflicts, a stable orientation towards family preservation and joint leisure activities, and extensive friendly communication with the outside world. The authors put forward a hypothesis that the objective indicators obtained in the course of the survey cannot always directly determine the well-being of the family, while the subjective self-assessment of the family's well-being reflects its real state to a greater extent. In particular, it should be noted that lack of housing, material wealth, debt, lack of a well-paid job and other difficulties in life do not prevent a family from considering itself happy and well-off.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):100-111
pages 100-111 views
Standard of living as an indicator of «movement» towards happiness
Antonova N.L., Abramova S.B.
Abstract

The article analyzes the relationship between the standard of living and subjective assessment of happiness in the context of a new global challenge and structural transformations affecting the daily life of individuals/social groups. The main goal of the study was to study the significance of the standard of living as an indicator of happiness and «movement» towards it. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study was the emotional-value approach to identifying the essential and semantic characteristics of the subjective understanding of happiness and perception of the standard of living. Based on the materials of an empirical sociological study (n=1170), the article argues that the standard of living is not included in the semantic field of interpretive models of happiness, giving way to family and health, as well as self-realization. The survey materials demonstrate a wide repertoire of situations in the life perspective of the population, including an increase in living standards, which become landscape points in the «movement» towards happiness. A weak financial situation serves to develop such a «movement» for every fourth respondent; for 7%, such a factor is the instability of the economic situation in the country. At the same time, the growth of personal financial status and favorable economic conditions are assessed by respondents as a factor in the growth of a positive emotional state. The results of the survey made it possible to record the following discrepancy in the responses of respondents and statistical analysis. The respondents do not recognize a linear connection between the standard of living and happiness, but a correlation is found between self-assessment of the amount of income and satisfaction with it with indicators of happiness. The cluster analysis made it possible to identify five groups of respondents according to their standard of living: depressed, optimistic, average, prosperous and crisis. The study revealed that self-assessment of income level is less correlated with the implementation of the “deferred” happiness model than satisfaction with financial situation. At the same time, both low income and dissatisfaction with the standard of living form a “movement” towards a happy life in the future. Based on the research materials, the article determines that the standard of living can act as a source of happiness, a barrier to its achievement, an incentive to intensify the «movement» towards happiness and a tool for realizing life prospects.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):112-126
pages 112-126 views
Will Tourism Become an Effective Factor in Supporting the Standard of Living of the Local Population (Using the Example of the Republic of Buryatia)?
Potravnaya E.V., Maksanova L.B.
Abstract

The article considers approaches to the analysis and measurement of the readiness of the local population from among the indigenous minorities to develop tourism activities in their places of residence and the impact of tourism on living standards. The analytical base is based on the results of our own sociological surveys of indigenous minorities in four areas of their compact residence in the Republic of Buryatia. The purpose of the study is to develop scientific tools for analyzing the development of tourism in the territories of traditional residence of indigenous peoples, to identify the attitude of the local population to the development of tourism from the standpoint of the tourist attractiveness of these territories, to improve the standard of living of indigenous peoples. The hypothesis of the study is that the indigenous population is interested in the development of tourism in terms of improving living standards. At the same time, they associate their willingness to work with tourists with the development of infrastructure, improvement of transport accessibility of the territory, targeted support for the development of tourism in places where indigenous peoples live, and environmental conservation. As a result of the study, the factors hindering the development of tourism activities (fear and uncertainty of the local population in working with tourists, poor transport accessibility, lack of infrastructure) were identified, and the benefits of tourism development were determined (obtaining additional income through the provision of services to tourists, creating new jobs, selling souvenirs from local raw materials). The scientific novelty of the study consists in the development of a methodological approach to studying the readiness of the local population to develop tourism and improve the quality of life on this basis. The elements of scientific novelty include the development of methods for assessing the readiness of the local population for the development of tourism. The results of the study can be used to develop tourism in places where indigenous peoples traditionally live and improve the quality of life of the local population.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):127-138
pages 127-138 views
Dilemmas of Policyholder and the CTP Insurer: the Experience of Primorsky Krai
Kolodin D.V., Ivchenko O.S., Vityunin V.S.
Abstract

The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze the problem field of current communication practices between CTP insurers and policyholders. Within the framework of the work, the tasks of analyzing the availability of the policy in electronic and offline formats, investigating the difficulties encountered in issuing a policy and receiving insurance payments, identifying barriers and developing proposals to optimize the communication practices of insurance market participants were solved. The methodological basis is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The research is based on methodological individualism proposed by F. Hayek, who explains social phenomena through the individual actions of people. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of social dilemmas in the key of individualistic-holistic antagonism, changing under the influence of digital transformation processes. The relevance is due to the change in the interaction of the policyholder and the insurer under the influence of digitalization. New forms of communication optimize the processes of issuing policies and payments. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the ethical problems of the formulated dilemmas of the insurer and the policyholder, and an analysis of their content is carried out. The disadvantages and positive potential of digitalization of communications indicated between the subjects are identified. The information sources were scientific articles and studies revealing the problems of insurance and CTP, statistical data from the Russian Union of Motor Insurers, as well as data from sociological studies conducted by the KGAU Primorsky Research Institute of Sociology and Civil Initiatives in November 2023. Most car owners prefer to take out a policy through intermediaries, which increases their costs. About a quarter of the respondents were able to successfully issue an electronic policy, while many face a number of technical difficulties. The data indicate the need for educational campaigns designed to raise public awareness of the possibilities of electronic registration of policies and mechanisms of legal protection in case of refusal of insurance companies. The authors note that digital transformation can contribute to solving the dilemma of the insurer and the policyholder, making insurance more affordable and effective.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):139-156
pages 139-156 views

Bookshelf

About the Scientific Monograph «Migration from Russia to Kyrgyzstan: Demographic and Sociological Aspects»
Nazarova E.A.
Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):157-162
pages 157-162 views
About the Scientific Monograph «Social Problems of the Labour Force in Modern Russia»
Toksanbaeva M.S.
Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):163-165
pages 163-165 views

Scientific life

Socio-Demographic Ideas of Mikhail V. Lomonosov in the Service of the Modern Russian State. Review of Materials from the Panel Discussion Dedicated to the 270th Anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University
Lebedeva T.V., Akramova A.R., Shebanova A.K.
Abstract

The study of the rich scientific heritage of Mikhail V. Lomonosov devoted many scientific books and articles, which describe the contribution of the famous Russian scientist to the development of various fields of scientific knowledge - astronomy, geography, physical chemistry, metallurgy, engineering, history, grammar, poetics and others. Thanks to the discoveries of the brilliant scientist, many branches of modern science received further development. The social and demographic heritage of M. Lomonosov, a brilliant scientist’s contribution to the study of population problems, is of significant importance for the current stage of development of the Russian state. The session of the panel discussion, organized and conducted by the Department of Demography of the Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences (Faculty) Lomonosov Moscow State University, was devoted to examining this side of creativity of the great thinker, developing his ideas in contemporary socio-demographic conditions Mikhail V. Lomonosov.

Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):166-171
pages 166-171 views

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