Relationship between thyroid gland micromorphology, thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone in the blood (literature review)

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Abstract

One of the common thyroid pathologies is hypothyroidism. This syndrome is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones caused by iodine deficiency in the body. According to statistics, there is an increase in the prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism. The article presents statistical data on the prevalence and hypothyroidism. An analysis of experimental data was conducted and the main changes occurring in the thyroid gland during hypothyroidism were identified. An assessment was made of the relationship between structural changes in the thyroid gland and the levels of TSH, T3 and T4 in the blood. During the study of the experimental data, it was revealed that changes in the morphology of the thyroid gland in hypothyroidism affect both the components of the parenchyma and stroma. There is an increase in the proportion of small and medium follicles of various shapes. The height of A-cells and the diameter of their nucleus increase. Vacuolization and the appearance of cavities with colloid are noted in the cytoplasm of cells. The volume of the stroma increases, while the volume density of the blood and lymphatic capillaries decreases. There is a direct relationship between the degree of change in the hormonal status of the body in hypothyroidism and the severity of morphological changes in the thyroid gland.

About the authors

Nikita O. Tsyplikhin

Medical Institute, Penza State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: cyplikhin@mail.ru

Assistant of the sub-department of morphology, postgraduate student

(40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia)

Marija G. Fedorova

Medical Institute, Penza State University

Email: fedorovamerry@gmail.com

Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, head of the sub-department of morphology

(40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia)

Ekaterina V. Komarova

Medical Institute, Penza State University

Email: ekaterina-log@inbox.ru

Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the sub-department of morphology

(40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia)

Natal'ya S. Yakovleva

Medical Institute, Penza State University

Email: natali.yakovleva2002@yandex.ru

Student

(40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia)

Vladislav S. Vasil'ev

Medical Institute, Penza State University

Email: vsvasilyev@list.ru

Senior lecturer of the sub-department of human physiology, postgraduate student

(40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia)

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