编号 3 (2025)

Background. The effectiveness of resorptive and topical glucocorticoids in the treatment of lichen planus in the oral cavity was compared using a clinical case example. Materials and methods. Materials and methods. A clinical study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry of Mordovia State University Medical Institute, which involved two groups of patients, 10 people each aged 40 to 55 years, with an unencumbered medical history, with an identical clinical case. The effectiveness of local glucocorticoids “Sinaflan 0.025%” and resorptive action “Diprospan” was compared, the diagnosis was carried out by fluorescence stomatoscopy. Results. Resorptive glucocorticoid preparations showed a fairly good result in terms of reducing inflammation and destruction of the epithelium of the oral mucosa, but there was no tendency to regeneration and blood sugar was slightly increased. Local glucocorticoids also proved to be quite effective in the treatment of CLLR, the antiinflammatory effect was pronounced, but not as pronounced as that of general-acting drugs. Conclusions. The most appropriate therapy with corticosteroids for lichen planus of the oral mucosa in the practice of a dentist is local therapy, which is simpler and more effective in treating such diseases than systemic therapy.

Background. To study the effectiveness of the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in the elderly, when using an individual prevention program, including rinsing the oral cavity with 0.05% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine, chlorella suspension, “Rotokan”, “Lesnoy balsam” and the use of a massage device. Materials and methods. The subjects of the study were 120 patients of both sexes aged 60 to 74 years; diagnosis: “Chronic generalized periodontitis K05.3”. The patients were examined clinically, the hygiene index was determined - the simplified Green, Vermillion index (1964), the pH value and the amount of unstimulated saliva released. Results. It was found that in all patients after the therapy, a statistically significant decrease in the hygiene index, a decrease in the acidity of saliva in the alkaline side and an increase in the rate of salivation (p<0.05) were determined. Conclusions. An individual prevention program is effective and helps to improve the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in the elderly.

Background. To evaluate the treatment results of patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the extremity bones, in the treatment complex of which systemic antibacterial therapy was not used. Materials and methods. A study was conducted on 23 patients treated at the Chuchkalov Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care. Of these, 12 were men (52.2%), 11 women (47.8%). The average age was 51 (38; 60) years. Postoperative osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 16 (69.6%) patients. Osteomyelitis of the leg bones was diagnosed in 11 (47.8%) patients. 87% (20) were patients with III and IV anatomical types according to the classification of osteomyelitis by Cierny-Mader (1984). The minimum observation period for patients was 12 months from the date of the last operation. When providing care to patients, systemic ABT (parenteral or oral) was not used at the preor postoperative stage of treatment. Results. As a result of the complex treatment, a positive result was achieved in 20 (87%) patients. There were no fatal cases among sick patients during the observation period. Conclusions. The conducted study of the fact of the need for radioactive use of antibiotics, and proves the possibility of treating patients with CO without the use of long-term ABT, which, in turn, does not contradict the principles of treating patients with surgical infection, which is a radical sanitation of the source of infection.

The review analyzes epidemiological data on the prevalence of smoking electronic cigarettes (EC), vapes (V) and modern scientific research on vaping-associated respiratory system damage. The main consumers of EC and V in Russia are teenagers – about 90 %, adults – less than 10 %. According to various sources, at least 30 % of the surveyed teenagers have tried or smoke EC and V regularly. The prevalence of EC and electronic tobacco heating devices consumption among teenagers and young people is beginning to acquire an epidemic character. The absence in previous years of a comprehensive system for protecting the younger generation from EC and V consumption contributed to the formation of a persistent opinion in this environment that vaping is a safe alternative to smoking regular cigarettes. Meanwhile, the results of numerous foreign and domestic studies indicate that smoking EC and V can trigger the process of destruction of lung tissue and reduce the protective function of the organ. Regular inhalation of aerosol provokes the development of acute and chronic lung diseases in vapers, including “vape-associated lung injury” EVALI, included in the international classification of diseases. Pathologically, EVALI, is represented by an acute inflammatory process in the lung tissue, characteristic damage to the alveolar- capillary membrane with impaired gas exchange, with dysfunction of the endothelial and epithelial barriers, with increased permeability of the vascular bed and the involvement of leukocyte cells with the release of proinflammatory mediators. Currently, according to foreign publications, the mortality rate of hospitalized patients from EVALI reaches 2.4 %, which undoubtedly increases the relevance of research on the problem of consumption of electronic smoking devices and their impact on the respiratory system.

Background. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg/day compared with valsartan 160 mg/day in patients with grade 1–2 isolated systolic arterial hypertension (ISAH). Materials and methods. The study included 105 patients, of whom 60 were included in the efficacy analysis. They were observed for 12 months in an outpatient setting: 32 people took valsartan and 28 took sacubitril/ valsartan. The dynamics of average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the achievement of its target value between the groups, changes in pulse pressure (PP) and quality of life (QOL) were assessed. Results. The average daily SBP decreased more significantly with sacubitril/valsartan than with valsartan: by 14.5±12.3 mmHg vs 9.2±11.1 mmHg (p<0.01); a high frequency of achieving target BP was noted in patients in the sacubitril/ valsartan group (96.4 % vs 81.3 %) (p<0.05). PP decreased by 11.0 mmHg vs 7.2 mmHg in the valsartan group (p<0.05). QOL according to the EuroQol scale: in the sacubitril/ valsartan group, the average VAS score increased to 80/100 vs 70/100 (p<0.05). Conclusion. Sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated superior BP-lowering efficacy compared with valsartan in patients with ISH.

Background. The youthful age period is of the greatest interest for research, since it is he who is a turning point in the individual development of a person. The purpose of the study is to identify the patterns of variability in the shapes of the feet and hands of girls 17- 20 years old in Saratov region. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 229 girls 18-19 years old students of Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, who are the indigenous inhabitants of Saratov region. The foot print determined its type: Egyptian, Roman or Greek. The brush imprint was used to determine its morphological types: ulnar, radial or indeterminate. Results. The most common form of the hand in girls is radial (49.8 %). More than half of the girls have the same shape of the right and left hands – radial. The most common option for different forms of the right and left hands was a combination of radial and ulnar forms (20.1 %). In this case, the option when the right hand has a radial, and the left – ulnar form, occurs 6.7 times more often than the reverse combination. The predominant shape of the foot is Roman, when the thumb is approximately equal to the second (47.1 %). More than two-thirds of girls have the same shape of the right and left feet – more often these are Roman or Egyptian feet. The most common option was a combination of Egyptian and Roman feet (14 %). There were no differences in the prevalence of any of these forms on one side with this combination. Conclusions. The combined variability of the shapes of the brushes and feet showed that the predominant options are: a combination of radial brushes with Egyptian feet, as well as a combination of radial and ulnar brushes with Roman feet. It has been noted that girls with ulnar brushes, as well as girls whose brushes were radial and ulnar (regardless of the side of observation) in 100 % of cases had Roman feet.

Background. The development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease depending on gender was studied in a laboratory animal model (white rats). Materials and methods. The study was done on 24 white non-inbred rats. It was divided into four groups (n=6): two control (males and females) and two experimental (males and females). Animals of the control group ate natural food for rodents. Animals of the experimental groups were kept on a high-calorie diet for 4 months, 20 % of which was beef fat, drinking – 10 % fructose solution. Histological preparations of the liver were prepared according to the standard histological technique, fixed in 10 % neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin. Morphometric measurements of the stromal area were carried out on micropreparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The data were statistically processed using the Mann-Whitney criterion. Results. It was revealed that long-term high-calorie diet causes a morphological picture of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the liver of white rats. Pathological changes revealed in the experimental group of females are more pronounced than in males and correspond to the steatohepatitis. They have inflammatory lymphohistiocytic infiltration and a larger amount of stroma. In the liver of males in the experimental group, a steatosis was noted, where the processes of fatty degeneration of hepatocytes predominate. In this group, there are also fibrosis processes and an increase in the area of the stroma, but it is inferior to those in the group of females. Conclusions. The obtained results prove that long-term highcalorie diet leads to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, while female white rats demonstrate a more pronounced expression of inflammation and an increase in the area of the stroma of the liver.

Background. Traumatic liver injury often leads to a serious condition of the patient with a high probability of death. In the surgeon’s arsenal, local hemostatic agents occupy a leading place in parenchymal bleeding. However, there is no single medication that is reliable, effective, and safe. The purpose of the research was to study the nature of reactive changes on the part of the neutrophilic bone marrow germ in the recovery period after liver parenchymal bleeding when using a hemostatic collagen preparation. Materials and methods. An experimental study was conducted on 72 outbred rats. Two groups were identified: the control group (n = 19) and the experimental group (n = 53), in which parenchymal bleeding was simulated and hemostasis was achieved by pressing a collagen hemostatic sponge made of reindeer skin. Quantitative indicators of red bone marrow were studied in both groups. On days 3, 7, 14, and 21, laboratory animals were removed from the experiment, and bone marrow was collected for cytological examination. Results. In the recovery period after parenchymal bleeding of the liver, a statistically significant decrease in the content of neutrophilic myelocytes was recorded in the myelogram, and reactive changes were characterized by the prevalence of differentiation processes over proliferation processes, which was indicated by the accumulation of metamyelocytes and an increase in the content of rod-shaped neutrophils throughout the experiment. Conclusion. In the recovery period, the reactive changes in the neutrophilic link of the bone marrow consisted in the predominance of the processes of differentiation of neutrophilic myelocytes into metamyelocytes and rod-shaped neutrophils.

Background. Modern meat production is faced with an acute problem of rational use of by-products and waste, the volume of which is up to 40 %. In these conditions, it is extremely necessary to develop complex processing of by-products for the production of food, medicines, feed and technical goods, which will increase the economic efficiency of the industry and ensure the food and pharmaceutical security of the country. Based on the enormous need for new materials in military field and civilian medicine, non-food byproducts of meat production are promising sources of biopolymers, the isolation of which will allow the creation of new compositions with desired properties for various applications. The purpose of the study is to develope new approaches to the rational use of biological resources of the Arctic region for the production of materials based on polymer proteins of the connective tissue of reindeer. Material and methods. Development of new approaches to the rational use of bioresources of the Arctic region to obtain materials based on polymeric proteins of reindeer connective tissue. Results. Biomaterials based on collagen and elastin with preserved natural structures were obtained. Histological examination and scanning electron microscopy of the obtained materials showed the absence of any cellular elements and interstitial substance. Conclusion. New developments in the complete processing of by-products of meat production in order to obtain materials based on animal proteins can make a great contribution not only to the economic sector, but also have a significant impact on the development of medicine. The technologies proposed in this work make it possible to obtain biomaterials based on collagen and elastin with reduced antigenic properties, the use of which is aimed at accelerating reparative processes.