卷 15, 编号 2 (2023)

Introduction. The article describes the semantics of verbs of mental activity in the Mansi and Khanty languages. The relevance of the topic is determined by the lack of research devoted to the analysis and semantic classification of verbal lexico-semantic groups, primarily in comparative terms. The purpose of the work is to reveal the internal organization of the
verbs of cognition and understanding “to know”, “to understand”, “to learn”, “to notice” in the Ob-Ugric languages and to characterize the semantic relations between their members.
Materials and Methods. The article is based on the verbs of mental activity of the Mansi (Sosvinsky dialect) and Khanty (Kazim dialect) languages received by the authors from informants and extracted from dictionaries of the Khanty and Mansi languages and texts. When working on the material, component analysis, the method of contextual (distributive) analysis were used.
Results and Discussion. For the first time, the lexico-semantic group of the verbs of thought (“to know”, “to understand” and their analogues) of the Ob-Ugric languages was studied; differential signs of the semantics of the verbs under study were revealed, the relationships of these verbs and the peculiarities of their compatibility, primary and derived lexico-semantic variants of the meanings of these verbs were determined, their aspectual variants were partially revealed. The main verbs of the group are described and their signs are indicated; the semantic structure of polysemous verbs is determined.
Conclusion. Comparison of the semantic structures of similar words in the Ob-Ugric languages allows us to conclude that the main distinguished meanings of the verbs of knowledge and understanding coincide in the studied dialects, however, each language has specific meanings and special semantic shifts in meanings.

Introduction. For the rural population it is characteristic that many members are given not only codifi ed nominations, but also all kinds of nicknames. Rural Erzya population is not an exception in this regard. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the national and cultural identity of the semantics of the nicknames in the Erzya language. It considers the communicative aspect referring to the way their function in the village of Staraya Shentala, Shentalinsky district of the Samara region.
Materials and Methods. The main research method is descriptive-analytical. The paper describes some typological features of modern Erzya nicknames, gives their classifi cation based on motivational signs of appearance. The nicknames were collected using questionnaires and observation.
Results and Discussion. The study revealed the reasons for the use of nicknames, among which is tribute to historical tradition, the need for a more accurate designation of a person in the case when the names and surnames of fellow villagers coincide, creative potential of a linguistic communicating personality. The Erzya nicknames help characterize the objects of speech from different sides. The main motivation behind engineering the nicknames is the names, surnames, appearance, character, features in persons’ behavior, speech, habits, favorite activities, distinctive skills, similarity with the characters of literature, movie characters, artists, origin, facts of biography, intellectual abilities, relation to other persons. In addition to individual nicknames, group (collective) nicknames are also used in the village of Staraya Shentala.
Conclusion. Currently, a nickname as a type of nomination has lost its position in reference to the past. If modern nicknames appear, they no longer contain any national features. Such research is necessary as an opportunity to preserve such an layer of vocabulary which is interesting and important from historical, cultural and linguistic points of view.

Introduction. The paper considers the hunting vocabulary in the Komi language. As an independent microsystem, it studies the designations used for the nomination of small fur-bearing animals living on the territory of the Komi Republic. The whole set of the lexical units refers to both types of forest inhabitants – predators and herbivores. The analysis of the factual material is carried out to establish the main stages of the formation and development of this component of the Komi language hunting vocabulary.
Materials and Methods. The material contained in the paper refers to the Komi literary language. Of the dialect names, only a few examples are given that are contained in normative dictionaries. The names of both primordial and foreign-language origin are considered. When developing the research topic, the author uses such methods as descriptive, comparativehistorical, synchronous-comparative and statistical, as well as methods of semantic and structural-word-formation analysis.
Results and Discussion. The article is the first experience of linguistic research of the names of small fur-bearing animals in the Komi language. By substantial basis, this lexical microsystem refers to the designations of the hunting object. The analysis of the factual material was carried out using synchronous and diachronic research methods. Based on the systematization of the available proto-forms, a diachronic hierarchy of the primordial vocabulary is characterized by four components of ancient names: Proto-Finno-Ugric, Proto-Finno-Permian, Proto-Permian and Proto-Komi. It establishes the types and quantitative composition of a group of foreign-language names consisting of ancient and late borrowings.
Conclusion. The formation of the Komi language vocabulary related to small fur-bearing commercial animals has taken place over many millennia since the Proto-Finno-Ugric epoch. Most of the names of the analyzed microsystem belong to the primordial vocabulary fund of the Komi language. The foreign-language component of the names of small fur-bearing animals takes an insignificant place, its formation occurred as a result of the penetration of borrowings from two external sources.

Introduction. The main objective of this article is to study the historical and legal aspects of the establishment of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022–2032), proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly, as well as to analyze international instruments, establishing the legal framework and mechanisms for the implementation of the Decade.
Materials and Methods. The research methods are based on a system approach. The general research (system, analysis and synthesis) and subject specifi c methods of knowledge (historical, formal-legal) were applied during the research. The main international legal instruments for the International Decade of Indigenous Languages were used. This article explored a wide range of regulatory sources.
Results and Discussion. The article considers the historical stages of formation and development of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, gives an overview of international legal documents and normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, which constitute the legal framework for the implementation of the Decade. The article also considers the main mechanisms of management, coordination and implementation of the Decade, among which are the following: UNESCO, Global Task Force providing strategic guidance and oversight in the areas of planning, implementation and monitoring of progress towards the goals set by the Global Plan of Action. This document provides a strategic framework, describes the main actions and guidelines for the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the activities of the UN, national governments, indigenous peoples' organizations, civil society, academia, the private sector and others.
Conclusion. The author concludes that, at the level of the international community, there is a rather serious understanding of the need to preserve and develop languages, the realization of the linguistic rights of indigenous peoples, The International Decade of Indigenous Languages will contribute to this end. The Decade provides a unique opportunity to introduce additional support measures, including by reforming national legislation, language training, digital language development, etc.

Introduction. This article continues a series of publications dedicated to the 100th year of the Mari fine arts. National neoromanticism appeared at the late Soviet stage. It is important to clearly identify it and to determine itы place in the process under study.
Materials and Methods. The research methods are based on the author's cultural and archetypal approach. The items of art, archival documents, media publications, catalogs were provided by the museums of the Republic of Mari El.
Results and Discussion. Culture of the late Soviet period, as a background of national neo-romanticism, is characterized by an anthropological change, a demand for sincerity and expression of individuality. Within its framework, unofficial art, various forms of artistic escapism arose. The ethnical theme brought the main artistic innovations into the ‘severe style’ of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic’s art. Visiting Russian artists, A. S. and B. S. Pushkovs, S. F. Podmarev, A. I. Butov, introduced the concept of “Mari El” into the artistic vocabulary of the Republic, created the iconographic type based on the traditional Birch and Woman archetypes, thereby contributed to the development of the new cultural archetype. National neo-romanticism emerged from the ‘severe style’ and simultaneously formed. Its essence is the poetization of the native culture. Z. F. Lavrentyev implemented it, first, through book graphics to be one of the determinants of ethnocultural reflection. A special role in the development of national neo-romanticism was played by young Mari artists N. V. Toktaulov, I. V. Efimov, I. M. Yamberdov.
Conclusion. National neo-romanticism (1970–1980s) is a stage in the development of the Mari national fine arts originated within socialist realism (1940–1980s). But it goes beyond it due to the representations of the essential issues and approaching the archetypal principles of ethnoculture.

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