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Reagent-Free Methods for Reducing the Amount of Concentrate from Reverse Osmosis Plants
- Authors: Smirnov A.A.1, Smirnov V.B.2
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Affiliations:
- National Research University „MPEI“
- Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company JSC
- Issue: Vol 15, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 76-86
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2218-1172/article/view/294908
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S2218117225010069
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LAKUFY
- ID: 294908
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Abstract
Of all developed water desalination processes, reverse osmosis takes the leading place - 69% of the world’s fresh water production is attributed to reverse osmosis plants, one of the efficiency criteria of which is the amount of concentrate produced. The article describes some modern baromembrane reagentless methods of reducing the amount of concentrate of reverse osmosis plants, the main criterion for the selection of which is the experience of their industrial application. Such processes as forward osmosis, pressure assisted forward osmosis, osmotically assisted reverse osmosis, semi-batch reverse osmosis, pulse flow reverse osmosis are considered, their working principle and results of practical application in industry or large-scale pilot tests are given.
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About the authors
A. A. Smirnov
National Research University „MPEI“
Author for correspondence.
Email: SmirnovAlAlex@mpei.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnokazarmennaya, 14, Moscow, 111250
V. B. Smirnov
Mediana-Filter Research and Production Company JSC
Email: Smirnov@mediana-filter.ru
Russian Federation, 1 Tkatskaya St., Moscow, 105318
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Supplementary files
Supplementary Files
Action
1.
JATS XML
2.
Fig. 1. Illustration of the forward osmosis mechanism (a) and a typical application scheme (b).
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3.
Fig. 2. Illustration of the pressure assisted forward osmosis (PAFO) mechanism.
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4.
Fig. 3. Illustration of the mechanism of reverse osmosis (a) and reverse osmosis with osmotic support (b).
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5.
Fig. 4. Stages of the semi-batch reverse osmosis process.
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6.
Fig. 5. Flows of feed water, concentrate, permeate and filtration pressure at the stages of operation of a semi-batch reverse osmosis plant.
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7.
Fig. 6. Connection diagram of membrane devices in a continuous reverse osmosis unit (a) and in a pulsating flow reverse osmosis unit (b).
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8.
Fig. 7. The mechanism of cleaning the membrane surface in a reverse osmosis system with a pulsating flow.
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9.
Fig. 8. Dependence of the saturation index of poorly soluble substances (LSI) in the concentrate (a) and the quality of the permeate of the second stage of reverse osmosis (b) on the degree of permeate extraction in the first stage reverse osmosis unit at different salt content of the source water: the Volkhov River (Veliky Novgorod) - 195.6 mg/l, the Sochi River (Sochi) - 490.6 mg/l, Lake Balkhash (Balkhash) - 1877.6 mg/l.
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