No 1 (2025)

The subject of reflection in the article was the author's non-obvious ideological position, the extraordinary genre structure of the heroic sphere, the strong position of the title of the work and some points of context. Dostoevsky's novel “The Idiot” is considered as a kind of artistic rebus, the solution of which leads to an understanding of the author's logic. A retrospective meta-novel-thematic background of F.M. Dostoevsky's first novel problems is given. The total rationality inherent in the image of an adult Raskolnikov (as opposed to his spontaneous childish protest against killing a horse) in conjunction with
the intention to commit a crime are compared with the contemplative-passive mode of existence of Prince Myshkin. The juxtaposition of the Author-Creator and the main character
in the perspective of the aesthetics of the naive is characterized. The issue of Christian concepts has been transferred from the theological plane to the field of artistic analysis. Special attention is paid to the relativity of ideas about murder as a social phenomenon in the refraction of F.M. Dostoevsky's work. The evolution of the theme of violent death in the analyzed novels from a naive standpoint appears to be the result of hypertrophied rationality, an unnatural phenomenon alien to the true nature of man, which is usually associated with the soul.
An occasional topos in the writer's work, “realism in the highest sense” from the perspective of naivism provides an opportunity for a new interpretation of the nonlinear development of the writer's artistic thought.

The article examines the artistic features of the work of the great French experimental playwright, author of the famous shocking play “King Ubu”. Having chosen the poetics of puppet theater as a basis, using an updated artistic language and the universality of acting, the premiere of “King Ubu” marked the beginning of a new stage in the history of the development of theatrical art. Jarry created an illogical reality on stage, in which it is impossible to accurately determine the place and time of action. The theory of pataphysics by A. Jarry is a “scientific concept” invented by the author, which tries to explain the absurdity of existence, going beyond the boundaries of the traditional, metaphysical understanding of the world. The work of A. Jarry differs sharply from the legacy of his predecessors and contemporaries, since he overthrows the classical canons in art while adhering to the principles of “pataphysical science”, based on the synthesis of opposites. It is shown how Jarry's pataphysical conception is implemented in the text of the play “King Ubu” at the level of language. Using a playful approach to language, choosing the grotesque as the basis
of the artistic language, A. Jarry reveals the illogicality of the depicted plot, presenting
a multifaceted reading of the image of Papa Ubu. It is concluded that A. Jarry stepped over established aesthetic canons, experimented both with genre forms in his works and with language. Thus, the playwright needed a special kind of word that would go beyond traditional metaphysical thinking. Enriching his text with literary reminiscences, affirming the playful principle in language, Jarry gives a new status to the artistic word. The work used the strategies of comparative historical literary criticism, hermeneutic and intertextual methods.

The article is dedicated to the consideration of the peculiarities of the selection and usage of phraseology in the work of A.S. Pushkin's “The Captain's Daughter”. The study of the phraseological units of individual authors and works is a topical direction for modern phraseology and phraseography. However, a comprehensive description of idioms and set phrases in specific works by Pushkin has not been carried out yet, which determines the novelty of this study. Based on the analysis of the form, meaning, lexical and grammatical features of various types of phraseological units, it was determined that for “The Captain's Daughter” Pushkin used widely known and frequently used expressions, most of which are still relevant for
the modern Russian language. High frequency of phraseological units is recorded in the text, while the modified use of idioms is considered rare. In the identified cases of transformation, Pushkin uses the most famous and simple methods of transformation that are understandable to the reader. At the same time, the text widely presents the basic lexico-grammatical categories of Russian phraseology and types of variation of the form of idioms, as well as introduces units with different stylistic features. The analyzed material shows that in the selection and use of phraseology Pushkin was guided by the desire not only to show the richness of the Russian language, but also to make the text accessible and clear, avoiding phraseology that is too complex or incomprehensible to the reader.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of such psychological phenomenon as gaslighting. Verbal means of manipulation leading the victim of gaslighting to emotional instability are analyzed. It is shown that non-verbal ways of manipulation contribute to
the victim’s awareness of her inadequacy. Emotional instability of the victim picks up and we can suppose that the victim is in an altered state of consciousness. A number of verbal tactics which is used by the gaslighter to affect the victim’s consciousness are shown.

This article is devoted to precedent phenomena that are a means of updating the ethnocultural code. The material for the analysis was precedent names, precedent texts, precedent statements and precedent situations, selected by a continuous sampling method from modern British newspaper journalism in the Internet space, accessible to a wide range of readers. The article provides a semantic analysis of precedent phenomena and identifies their perlocative purpose. The performed analysis allows us to assert that newspaper discourse reflects the trends in the development of language and determines its qualitative and quantitative changes through the preservation and replenishment of the corpus of precedent vocabulary. It should be noted that the phenomenon of precedent is based on the common cultural, social and linguistic background knowledge of native speakers. The use of such phenomena in newspaper discourse adds an additional level of understanding, since they are part of previously perceived texts and evoke the recipient's experience. It is revealed that the analyzed precedent phenomena reflect the value orientations of the native-speaking people and are an important part of the English linguistic picture of the world. In addition, precedent phenomena of a new generation of native speakers were highlighted, which are valuable for communicants, but may be incomprehensible to representatives of the older generation.

The article is devoted to the ceremonial functions of the Praetorian Guard and their significance for the political culture of the Principate. In particular, the author studies state-dynastic ceremonies in order to see the visual manifestations of the Praetorians’ political role, that helps to understand the hidden mechanisms of power. To achieve this goal, the author applies the methodology of the performative turn, considering ceremonies and rituals as staged performances organized with a political aim for certain addressees. The author concludes that state-dynastic ceremonies with the Guard’s participation were important for legitimizing princeps’ power. For instance, acclamatio acted as the primary institutional ritual of providing the candidate for emperor with supreme power. At the same time, triumphus and adventus served as consensus rituals of support for the ruling regime and approval of its policies. The Praetorians’ leading role in these ceremonies shows that the guards’ position in the hierarchy of the imperial court was close to the senatorial and equestrian positions. For this reason, Guard’s opinion had a significant influence on political decision-making.

The subject of the study is unusual: its uniqueness lies in the novelty of its approach to considering, in particular, such aspects as the restructuring of political self-government bodies. That transformation included their security and law enforcement agencies, the exposure and arrest of secret employees of the tsarist secret police,
the social portrait of the informant-provocateur of the provincial factory center of Russia. The phenomenon of the justice system of the February Revolution is exemplified by the Interparty Conscience Court established by the democratic forces of the city, which considered and sentenced secret agents of the tsarist secret police. The Court based its decisions on the principles of humanism and justice. The material presented in the article on lustration in Ivanovo-Voznesensk leads to the understanding that moderate socialist and democratic forces played a leading role in the defeat of the local gendarme administration against the background of high public activity of the population. Their valuable experience of cooperation in the destruction of the repressive apparatus of tsarism made it possible to develop the most acceptable form a coalition of constructive forces in the implementation of the principles of democracy in the Russian statehood. The mouthpiece of these sentiments and concrete steps towards the democratization of the regime of power was the democratic press of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. It was from its pages that ideas about humanism and justice, appeals and proposals about the possibility and necessity of uniting the democratic and socialist forces of the country for the construction of a Free and Great Russia were introduced into society

The article discusses major achievements in historical, archaeological and source studies of the initial history of Arzamas, made over the past five years and which made it possible to solve many problems that existed quite recently. The results of these achievements provide grounds for recreating in general terms the early history of Arzamas. From the middle of the 1st millennium AD there existed a Mordovian village on the territory of the city. At the beginning of the 13th century it was located on the periphery of the proto-state formation of the Mordovians (Purgasova volost) and in the middle of the century was destroyed either by Russian squads or Mongol-Tatars. At the end of the 15th century local Tatar princely dynasties fell into vassal dependence on Moscow, and from the beginning of the 16th century in the future Arzamas region a group of Russian palace villages was formed. However, the Arzamas fortress was founded only in 1572 in the conditions of the second Cheremis war on a certain Arzemas settlement.
The founder of Arzamas was the governor Nikita Ivanovich Eropkin. The Arzamas district was assembled from the lands that were previously subordinated partly to the Murom and partly to
the Nizhny Novgorod administration. The city was the center of the military service corporation of the county; its economic importance was initially small due to its remoteness from the ancient caravan road. At the time of the founding of the fortress, next to it there was the Mordovian village, which was then moved about 30 km to the north. The main remaining problem in this picture of the early history of Arzamas is the existence of settlements here between the mid-13th and mid 16th centuries. The discovery of their traces would make it possible to understand what
the Arzemas settlement was like, and who Arzemas, whose name it bore, was.

The article challenges the correctness of narratives, so to speak, of “radical ontologism”, which seeks to turn ontology into a special (main) one a «part» of philosophy that rises above all others. Such narratives are qualified as a line of hyper-materialism, which is a modern form of naive materialism. His claims to be a conductor of genuine monism, objectivity and scientific character are very problematic. In fact, this ontological line is eclectic, logically contradictory and is a definite step back in the development of the classical traditions of scientific and philosophical interpretation of the relationship between consciousness and matter. Thus, the soul in modern hyper-materialistic views is declared a “part of the body” that does not have its own content and being. In contrast to the paradigm of narrow ontologism, the author of the article defends and consistently develops the idea that all philosophy is ontology in its content. This means that philosophical ontology is a reflection of reality (being) in its integrity. Not only the material, but also the spiritual is truly real (not illusory), despite its immateriality. Ontological and philosophical content has two main forms of expression — epistemological and axiological. The levels of ontological content can be different: not only extremely general (integral), as in philosophy, but also «regional» (general scientific and specifically scientific, general artistic, etc.).

The focus of the article is on the work of one of the most significant thinkers of the first wave of Russian emigration, Georgy Petrovich Fedotov (1881—1951). In his essays he often writes about history and related issues like will and historical determinism. Despite G.P. Fedotov's position of accepting free will and criticism of historical determinism, in fact, elements of determinism are present in the thinker's works and are an integral part of all historiosophy. Based on the above, the article aims to identify mechanisms that allow combining the identified contradiction. The category of time is the first to become the centre of the research focus. With its help, it is possible to separate history as a concept and an event as a co-existence. Moreover, this leads to the separation of the historical narrative and
the field of social activity. The last one acquires autonomy from the conceptual history within the framework of the historiosophy developed by G.P. Fedotov.

The article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of university audit. The “theory of inspired trust” is considered, the heuristic potential of the concept of “trust” is recorded. A parallel is drawn between the theory of Theodore Limperg Jr. and the concept of the ternary description language. The methodological value of the latter for describing audit activity is revealed. Modern audit theory is analyzed through the prism of opposing attitudes to technospherity and noosphericity. The “audit specificity” of the sphere of immaterial production is shown in comparison with the discourse of material production. An integrated approach to audit theory is considered, its valid concepts are clarified. The philosophy of the noospheric audit is presented in the first approximation, its semiotic nature is revealed. The goals and values of the modern university audit are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the need to take into account the ontological attitudes and cognitive orientations of teachers and students in the theory of university audit.

The readers are presented with a review of the collective monograph Finegan E., Adams M. (eds.). The Cambridge Handbook of the Dictionary, devoted to the description of present-day problems of modern lexicography. The papers written by famous lexicographers state problems of new general and special dictionaries typologies, users’ participation in compilation of digital lexicographic projects, history and evolution of terminological and other specialized reference works, application of artificial intellect and new digital technologies in different dictionaries compilation, reflection of ideology and culture in dictionaries and other important questions of modern lexicography.

The review is devoted to the book by A.G. Prazdnikov “People of the Wars of the Scarlet and White Roses. Composition and Models of Behavior of Active Participants in the Socio-Political Conflict in England in the Second Half of the 15th Century”. The book is divided into three parts. Main factual material of the book presented in the second and third parts. The author singled out two generations of active participants in the Wars of the Roses, identified their social similarities and differences. The third part of the monograph examines the participation in the Wars of the Roses, representatives of various social groups (nobility, nobility, clergy and townspeople) were engaged. The nobility was the most active in the conflict, but one-third of its representatives were excluded from its participation. The author made a stratification analysis of the gentry who participated in the Wars of the Roses, and concluded that, unlike secular lords, only a minority of them took an active part in them. In conclusion, the author notes that the Wars of the Roses had the character of a national conflict.