The problem of choosing methodological bases in developing modern learning materials for students of higher education institutions

The present research deals with the problem of developing modern learning materials for students of higher education institutions. The authors emphasize that in the traditions of the Russian educational system, the pedagogical staff itself is charged with implementing this educational and methodological direction, that is why textbooks are often created intuitively, based on personal professional experience, sometimes with no scientific basis. This fact raises the question of the need for a deep analysis of scientific researches in this sphere to determine the principles in designing a particular educational publication and reasonably choose methodological bases. The authors have attempted to structure the revealed methodological bases (pedagogical approaches) depending on the idea and the functional strategic goal of education itself. Two groups of basic approaches and their derivatives are singled out and described: competence approach, aimed at the formation of a standard specialist in the professional sphere and implemented mainly through activity-based educational technologies – contextual approach, problem-based learning, task-based approach; and humanitarian and anthropological approach, aimed at personal growth of a student in his entirety (personality-oriented approach, andragogical approach), disclosure of his potential, his work with personal meanings (hermeneutic approach, euristic approach), formation of his own world picture, realization of his individual educational trajectory. In the end, the authors make a conclusion that it is necessary to combine the approaches of different nature in developing the concept of learning materials, as the exclusion of one of the components will significantly limit the potential opportunities in the personal and professional growth of students.