Contemporary horticulture

In the context of import substitution, the issue of providing Siberia with domestic fruit and berry products is relevant. Fruit products grown in the south of the Russian Federation cannot always be delivered to remote areas of the country with full preservation of their commercial qualities. Under these conditions, the study of local and old varieties is of considerable interest. The possibility of cultivating a local form of peach ‘Bubnovsky’, which has been grown in amateur gardens in the Omsk Irtysh region for over fifty years, is being considered. The fruits of this variety have high taste qualities. In terms of the content of soluble solids in its fruits, it is similar to ‘Collins’ of American breeding and ‘Pamyat Simirenko’ of domestic breeding. In terms of fruit size, ‘Bubnovsky’ is also similar to these varieties, as well as to ‘Krasniy Pizhon’ of Moscow breeding. The study was conducted for the first time. No scientific works on the peach cultivation in the Omsk region were found, therefore a comparative analysis with southern varieties and forms of Moscow breeding was used. The possibility of ‘Bubnovsky’ cultivation has been studied since 2020. Only in 2024, a mass outbreak of moniliosis was recorded. As a result of the disease, the yield decreased by 60%. In Western Siberia, the harvest ripens from early August to the first ten days of September. Fresh fruits are available for eating for three to four weeks. The results show the prospects for developing a technology for propagating the Siberian peach variety to ensure the possibility of obtaining fresh fruits in the conditions of Western Siberia.

When diagnosing the level of winter hardiness of fruit plants, the method of direct laboratory freezing is generally accepted. The degree of tissue damage is assessed visually according to the degree of browning. The assessment of red-leaved forms by this method is difficult, because the anthocyanin contained in the shoots disguises the browning of damaged tissues. The method of chlorophyll fluorescence visualization, which has proven itself as a reliable tool for detecting plant reactions to environmental changes, including cold stress, has gained great popularity in physiological studies to assess the functional state of plants. In this regard, the aim of the research was to optimize the method of assessing damage after artificial freezing by the level of inhibition of photosynthetic activity of tissues of annual shoots. The work was carried out on the basis of the Breeding and Genetic Center of the I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, located in Michurinsk, Tambov region in 2021—2023. The study was carried out on green-leaved (Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Vympel, Rashida) and red-leaved (Ola, Royalty, 54-118) forms of apple trees with varying degrees of winter hardiness. By the method of artificial freezing, the stability of the initial apple forms was assessed for maximum stability in the middle of winter. Simultaneously, the degree of shoot damage was assessed based on fluorescent images of cross-sections of one-year-old shoots formed through visualization of the quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching. It was found that damage to the shoot tissues had a significant effect on the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence. A method is proposed that makes it possible to determine the level of winter hardiness of apple cultivars more objectively than an eye-measuring assessment, which is especially important for red-leaved genotypes of apple trees.