编号 4 (2016)

Despite rather volume scientific knowledge of information warfares and methods of their maintaining, the general understanding of information warfare is still not present. And this circumstance does very difficult counteraction to this threat. According to the author, investigators of a problem need to combine efforts and to develop the uniform coordinated definition of this phenomenon in order that it was possible to state him in the legislation subsequently and to develop rules of the game in information space. After the expert community will come to consensus concerning definition of concept of information warfare, according to the author, Russia needs to initiate at the international level discussion on this matter, and then to promote emergence of concept of information warfare in international law. As soon as this concept is registered there, the countries will agree about rules of the game in an information space. Assistance to fixing in international law of accurately outlined legal definitions and standards of behavior in information space - one of the principles of the asymmetric response to external influence of stronger subjects of information antagonism. However the asymmetric answer - not the only thing that it would be possible to oppose to the existing information threats. The author, having understood an essence of information warfare, having studied it’s methods, having shown, how they work at concrete examples, gives a number of specific proposals on improvement of policy of Russia in the conditions of modern information warfare. From the author’s point of view, Russia should move from defensive to offensive strategy. But imprisoning the edge information weapons and doing accurate information strikes to weak points of the enemy, the state should use first-hand information and objective facts. This will strengthen our image and give a chance not to be defeated in the information war.

Article is devoted to the analysis of the factors and causes that have a influence on the decision making process of choosing a higher education institution and assessing the impact of the role of universities ranking positions in the general rankings, and by subject areas. Relevance of the topic due to the fact that the question of motivation, in essence, is the question of the quality of training activities, the success of social and psychological adaptation of students to training conditions in high school, the effectiveness of the training of the future specialist. As a result of conducted survey it were identified key factors and criteria that determine the dominant influence to the motivation of choice of entrants as well as the most popular sources of information about the university in entrants environment and the impact of university rankings and brand to decision-making on the choice of university. It is analyzed the impact of the role of ranking products and brand of universities in the psychological aspects of motivation of students when choosing a place of learning. As an empirical basis in the article reveals some of the provisions and the results of sociological research, conducted in the Lobachevsky University during the summer admission campaign 2016 compared with the figures obtained from the results of the same research in 2015.

Im Artikel wird wenig besprochenes in deutscher wissenschaftlicher Literatur Problem der Verbindung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und der sozialen Aktivität der Bundesbürger betrachtet. Sich auf die veröffentlichten Übersichten der Stiftung von Bertelsmann, ausländische Forschungen und statistische Angaben stützend, beweist der Artikel, das die Arbeitslosigkeit in der entscheidenden Weise die Beteiligung an den Wahlen beeinflusst. Und zwar: je höher die Arbeitslosenquote im Stadtbezirk ist, desto niedriger fällt die Wahlbeteiligung aus. Die vorliegende These ist im Text auch die vorgestellten Diagramme bestätigt.