Cervical adenocarcinoma: current diagnostic and treatment approaches

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

Cervical cancer ranks fourth among all oncological diseases and second among reproductive system malignancies (13.3%), following breast cancer (47.8%). Invasive adenocarcinoma, originating from glandular epithelium, accounts for 21–25% of newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for up to 92% of cervical cancer cases. This review aims to summarize current approaches to the classification and treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma and identify unresolved challenges. Modern treatment strategies rely on distinguishing HPV-associated and HPV-independent tumors, allowing for more precise adenocarcinoma subtyping and tailored therapeutic strategies. Treatment algorithms for conventional-type adenocarcinoma have been developed, taking into account its specific morphological features, which enable appropriate adjuvant therapy at early disease stages. Significant progress has been made with the introduction of immunotherapy and antibody–drug conjugates into systemic treatment. However, therapeutic advancements for HPV-independent adenocarcinomas remain limited, except for Her2-positive tumors. Retrospective studies highlight differences in cancer outcomes, whereas emerging genetic mutation data may pave the way for more targeted treatment approaches as oncology moves into the era of precision medicine. Currently, treatment approaches for endocervical adenocarcinoma remain similar to those used for squamous cell carcinoma.

About the authors

Diana A. Darakhova

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Author for correspondence.
Email: secretplace@internet.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-6032-652X

Student

Russian Federation, 40 Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362025

Alina A. Zhilyaeva

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: zhilyaevaa15@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-7874-8251

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Kristina S. Saakyan

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: christina.saakyan2000@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8917-1859

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Maria M. Baranova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: baranovamaria.st@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-2580-9075

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ilya A. Mozgunov

Kazan Federal University

Email: antipov_98@internet.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-2665-2496

Student

Russian Federation, Kazan

Irina A. Akkalaeva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: Irinaakkalaeva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-4721-1211

Student

Russian Federation, 40 Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362025

Diana A. Gazaeva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: gazaevadia@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-4639-3538

Student

Russian Federation, 40 Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362025

Lyudmila A. Cherepennikova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: cherepennikoval@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-2791-8037

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Khava R. Yakhadzhieva

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: Yaxadzhieva.xava@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6768-7026

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Diana S. Tedeeva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: di.miracle@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5347-1186

Student

Russian Federation, 40 Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362025

Dmitri I. Shelkunov

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: dshelkunov01@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-5242-8236

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Ramnat V. Khasieva

North-Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: rkhasiyeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4237-9223

Student

Russian Federation, 40 Pushkinskaya st, Vladikavkaz, 362025

Milena S. Ustyugova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: milka.ustyugova01@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-2385-6120

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Kulieva GZ, Mkrtchyan LS, Krikunova LI, et al. Epidemiological aspects of the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer (literature review). Tumors of female reproductive system. 2023;19(3):77–84. doi: 10.17650/1994-4098-2023-19-3-77-84 EDN: ZISAVS
  2. Usmanova LSh, Kuznetsov VV, Mustafina EA, et al. Clinico-morphological predictors and treatment outcomes in cervical stump cancer. Journal of Modern Oncology. 2017;19(2):37–41. EDN: WRUZUT
  3. Cohen CM, Wentzensen N, Castle PE, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence, survival, and mortality by histologic subtype. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(5):1059–1068. doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.01424
  4. Pan X, Yang W, Wen Z, et al. Does adenocarcinoma have a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma in patients with cervical cancer? A real-world study with a propensity score matching analysis. J Gynecol Oncol. 2020;31(6):e80. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e80
  5. Kozachenko VP. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri. P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology. 2017;6(1):76–80. doi: 10.17116/onkolog20176176-80 EDN: XXKXCN
  6. Mkrtchiyan LS, Kiseleva VI, Krikunova LI, et al. Status and molecular genetic parameters of papillomavirus infection: individual characteristics and associative links with clinical and morphological factors of cervical cancer. South Russian Journal of Cancer. 2024;5(2):53–65. doi: 10.37748/2686-9039-2024-5-2-6 EDN: QMHKDO
  7. Xing B, Guo J, Sheng Y, et al. Human papillomavirus-negative cervical cancer: a comprehensive review. Front Oncol. 2021;10:606335. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606335
  8. Park KJ. Cervical adenocarcinoma: integration of HPV status, pattern of invasion, morphology and molecular markers into classification. Histopathology. 2020;76(1):112–127. doi: 10.1111/his.13995
  9. Stolnicu S, Hoang L, Zhou Q, et al. Cervical adenosquamous carcinoma: detailed analysis of morphology, immunohistochemical profile, and outcome in 59 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2023;42(3):259–269. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000921
  10. Perkins RB, Guido RS, Castle PE, et al. 2019 ASCCP risk-based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020;24(2):102–131. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000525
  11. Teoh D, Musa F, Salani R, et al. Diagnosis and management of adenocarcinoma in situ: a society of gynecologic oncology evidence-based review and recommendations. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(4):869–878. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003761
  12. Wang X, Bi Y, Wu H, et al. Oncologic and obstetric outcomes after conization for adenocarcinoma in situ or stage IA1 cervical cancer. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):19920. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75512-9
  13. Bhatla N, Berek JS, Cuello Fredes M, et al. Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;145(1):129–135. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12749
  14. Wilbur D, Colgan T, Ferenczy A, et al. Glandular tumors and precursors. In: WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014. Р. 183–189.
  15. Khokhlova SV, Kravets OA, Morkhov KYu, et al. Practical recommendations for the drug treatment of cervical cancer. Practical recommendations of RUSSCO, part 1. Malignant Tumors. 2023;13(3S2-1):246–262. doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2023-13-3s2-1-246-262 EDN: RDLARM
  16. Stolnicu S, Hoang L, Chiu D, et al. Clinical Outcomes of HPV-associated and unassociated endocervical adenocarcinomas categorized by the international endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). Am J Surg Pathol. 2019;43(4):466–474. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001224
  17. McCluggage WG, Singh N, Gilks CB. Key changes to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of female genital tumours introduced in the 5th edition (2020). Histopathology. 2022;80(5):762–778. doi: 10.1111/his.14609
  18. Hodgson A, Olkhov-Mitsel E, Howitt BE, et al. International endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC): correlation with adverse clinicopathological features and patient outcome. J Clin Pathol. 2019;72(5):347–353. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205632
  19. Nishio S, Mikami Y, Tokunaga H, et al. Analysis of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix — an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis: a multi-institutional study. Gynecol Oncol. 2019;153(1):13–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.01.022
  20. Yang J, Peng Y, Ding Y, et al. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of endocervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma and the use of claudin18.2 as a potential therapeutic target. Mod Pathol. 2024;37(10):100569. doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100569
  21. Pirog EC, Park KJ, Kiyokawa T, et al. Gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the cervix: tumor with wide range of histologic appearances. Adv Anat Pathol. 2019;26(1):1–12. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000216
  22. Giannella L, Di Giuseppe J, Delli Carpini G, et al. HPV-negative adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix: from molecular characterization to clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):15022. doi: 10.3390/ijms232315022
  23. Grigoruk OG, Moskvina TA, Tsoy DA, et al. Endocervical adenocarcinomas. Cytological, histological, and molecular diagnostics. Tumors of female reproductive system. 2022;18(2):109–118. doi: 10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-2-109-118 EDN: MLGNYS
  24. Liu Y, Shi X, Yang J, et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors of cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 74 cases from a tertiary hospital. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2023;22:15330338221149297. doi: 10.1177/15330338221149297
  25. Talia KL, Oliva E, Rabban JT, et al. Grading of endocervical adenocarcinomas: review of the literature and recommendations from the international society of gynecological pathologists. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2021;40(Suppl 1):S66–S74. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000741
  26. Alvarado-Cabrero I, Parra-Herran C, Stolnicu S, et al. The Silva pattern-based classification for HPV-associated invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma and the distinction between in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma: relevant issues and recommendations from the international society of gynecological pathologists. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2021;40(Suppl 1):S48–S65. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000735
  27. Rutgers JK, Roma AA, Park KJ, et al. Pattern classification of endocervical adenocarcinoma: reproducibility and review of criteria. Mod Pathol. 2016;29(9):1083–1094. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.94
  28. Protasova AE, Lyashchenko VA. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with advanced forms of invasive cervical cancer and morphological features of their tumors. Tumors of female reproductive system. 2021;17(2):93–99. doi: 10.17650/1994-4098-2021-17-2-93-99 EDN: XFYXXN
  29. Obermair A, Asher R, Pareja R, et al. Incidence of adverse events in minimally invasive vs open radical hysterectomy in early cervical cancer: results of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(3):249.e1–249.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.036
  30. Felicelli C, Smith SH, Griffin B, et al. The Silva pattern-based classification for HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma: a single institution concordance study of trainees and gynecologic pathologists. Pathol Res Pract. 2024;257:155311. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155311
  31. Zyla RE, Dodington DW, Pakbaz S, et al. Assessment of interobserver agreement among gynecologic pathologists between three-tier versus binary pattern-based classification systems for HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2024;48(12):1522–1529. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002289
  32. Abu-Rustum NR, Yashar CM, Arend R, et al. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Cervical Cancer, Version 1.2024. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2023;21(12):1224–1233. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.0062
  33. Ovodenko DL, Khabas GN, Kreinina YuM, et al. Laparoscopic extended hysterectomy in primary cervical cancer: treatment outcomes for female patients. Medical Opponent. 2021;(2):46–50. EDN: CXCTSW
  34. Schmeler KM, Pareja R, Lopez Blanco A, et al. ConCerv: a prospective trial of conservative surgery for low-risk early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2021;31(10):1317–1325. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002921
  35. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cervical Cancer (Version 3.2024).
  36. Plante M, Kwon JS, Ferguson S, et al. Simple versus radical hysterectomy in women with low-risk cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(9):819–829. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2308900
  37. Theplib A, Hanprasertpong J, Leetanaporn K. Safety and prognostic impacts of ovarian preservation during radical hysterectomy for early-stage adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cervical cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:5791381. doi: 10.1155/2020/5791381
  38. Chen J, Wang R, Zhang B, et al. Safety of ovarian preservation in women with stage I and II cervical adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(4):460.e1–460.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.04.023
  39. Bizzarri N, Pedone Anchora L, Kucukmetin A, et al. Risk of ovarian recurrence after ovarian conservation in early-stage cervical cancer treated with radical surgery: A propensity match analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2021;47(8):2158–2165. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.009
  40. Ramirez PT, Frumovitz M, Pareja R, et al. Minimally invasive versus abdominal radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(20):1895–1904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1806395
  41. Melamed A, Margul DJ, Chen L, et al. Survival after minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(20):1905–1914. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804923
  42. Grigsby PW, Massad LS, Mutch DG, et al. FIGO 2018 staging criteria for cervical cancer: Impact on stage migration and survival. Gynecol Oncol. 2020;157(3):639–643. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.03.027
  43. Lushnikova PA, Sukhikh ES, Izhevsky PV, et al. Modern techniques for cervical cancer radiotherapy. Creative surgery and oncology. 2021;11(1):58–67. doi: 10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-1-58-67 EDN: GYGYKT
  44. Rotman M, Sedlis A, Piedmonte MR, et al. A phase III randomized trial of postoperative pelvic irradiation in Stage IB cervical carcinoma with poor prognostic features: follow-up of a gynecologic oncology group study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006;65(1):169–176. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.10.019
  45. Levinson K, Beavis AL, Purdy C, et al. Beyond Sedlis — a novel histology-specific nomogram for predicting cervical cancer recurrence risk: an NRG/GOG ancillary analysis. Gynecol Oncol. 2021;162(3):532–538. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.06.017
  46. Feng Y, Zhang Z, Lou T, et al. The safety of fertility preservation for microinvasive cervical adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018;298(3):465–475. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4799-0
  47. Cibula D, Pötter R, Planchamp F, et al. The European Society of gynaecological oncology/European Society for radiotherapy and Oncology/European Society of pathology guidelines for the Management of patients with cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2018;28(4):641–655. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000001216
  48. Chernyshova AL, Antipov VA, Kolomiets LA, et al. Experience of performing radical trachelectomy with uterine transposition in organ-preserving treatment of stage IB–II invasive cervical cancer. Problems in Oncology. 2021;67(1):85–90. doi: 10.37469/0507-3758-2021-67-1-85-90 EDN: PLGZHV
  49. Chernyshova AL, Antipov VA, Kolomiets LA, et al. The first experience of radical trachelectomy with uterine transposition in a patient with stage IB2 cervical cancer. Akusherstvo i Ginekologiya. 2021;(3):204–209. doi: 10.18565/aig.2021.3.204-209 EDN: SKRIKP
  50. Tsaousidis C, Kraemer B, Kommoss S, et al. Large conization-retrospective monocentric results for fertility preservation in young women with early stage cervical cancer. Reprod Sci. 2022;29(3):791–799. doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00807-9
  51. Salvo G, Ramirez PT, Leitao MM, et al. Open vs minimally invasive radical trachelectomy in early-stage cervical cancer: international radical trachelectomy assessment study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(1):97.e1–97.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.029
  52. Girda E, Randall LM, Chino F, et al. Cervical cancer treatment update: a society of gynecologic oncology clinical practice statement. Gynecol Oncol. 2023;179:115–122. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.017
  53. Eifel PJ, Moughan J, Erickson B, et al. Patterns of radiotherapy practice for patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a patterns of care study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;60(4):1144–1153. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.04.063
  54. Keys HM, Bundy BN, Stehman FB, et al. Cisplatin, radiation, and adjuvant hysterectomy compared with radiation and adjuvant hysterectomy for bulky stage IB cervical carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(15):1154–1161. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199904153401503
  55. Peters WA 3rd, Liu PY, Barrett RJ 2nd, et al. Concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic radiation therapy compared with pelvic radiation therapy alone as adjuvant therapy after radical surgery in high-risk early-stage cancer of the cervix. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(8):1606–1613. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.8.1606
  56. Rose PG, Blessing JA, Gershenson DM, McGehee R. Paclitaxel and cisplatin as first-line therapy in recurrent or advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(9):2676–2680. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.9.2676
  57. Whitney CW, Sause W, Bundy BN, et al. Randomized comparison of fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus hydroxyurea as an adjunct to radiation therapy in stage IIB–IVA carcinoma of the cervix with negative para-aortic lymph nodes: a gynecologic oncology group and southwest oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(5):1339–1348. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.5.1339
  58. Mileshkin LR, Moore KN, Barnes EH, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy following chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer versus chemoradiotherapy alone (OUTBACK): an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24(5):468–482. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00147-X
  59. Monk BJ, Toita T, Wu X, et al. Durvalumab versus placebo with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer (CALLA): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24(12):1334–1348. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00479-5
  60. Lorusso D, Xiang Y, Hasegawa K, et al. ENGOT-cx11/GOG-3047/KEYNOTE-A18 investigators. Pembrolizumab or placebo with chemoradiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab or placebo for newly diagnosed, high-risk, locally advanced cervical cancer (ENGOT-cx11/GOG-3047/KEYNOTE-A18): overall survival results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2024;404(10460):1321–1332. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01808-7
  61. Garcia-Duran C, Grau F, Villacampa G, Oaknin A. ATOMICC trial: a randomized, open-label, phase II trial of anti-PD1, dostarlimab, as maintenance therapy for patients with high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer after chemoradiation. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2022;32(9):1196–1200. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003370
  62. Roussy G. Trial Assessing the inhibitor of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) immune checkpoint Atezolizumab. 2024. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03612791
  63. Mayadev JS. Atezolizumab before and/or with chemoradiotherapy in immune system activation in patients with node positive Stage IB2, II, IIIB, or IVA cervical cancer. 2024.
  64. Bugano D. Atezolizumab before and/or with chemoradiotherapy in immune system activation in patients with node positive stage IB2, II, IIIB, or IVA cervical cancer. 2024.
  65. McCormack M, Eminowicz G, Gallardo D, et al. Induction chemotherapy followed by standard chemoradiotherapy versus standard chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (GCIG INTERLACE): an international, multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2024;404(10462):1525–1535. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01438-7
  66. Moore DH, Blessing JA, McQuellon RP, et al. Phase III study of cisplatin with or without paclitaxel in stage IVB, recurrent, or persistent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(15):3113–3119. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.04.170
  67. Mukhtarulina SV, Maltsagova KhR, Rerberg AG, Novikova EG. Treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer using regional chemotherapy. P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology. 2023;12(1):53–58. doi: 10.17116/onkolog20231201153 EDN: OHOOIQ
  68. Tewari KS, Sill MW, Long HJ 3rd, et al. Improved survival with bevacizumab in advanced cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(8):734–743. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1309748
  69. Colombo N, Dubot C, Lorusso D, et al. KEYNOTE-826 investigators. pembrolizumab for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(20):1856–1867. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2112435
  70. Song F, Jia M, Yu S, et al. PD-L1 expression and immune stromal features in HPV-independent cervical adenocarcinoma. Histopathology. 2021;79(5):861–871. doi: 10.1111/his.14435
  71. Vergote I, González-Martín A, Fujiwara K, et al. Tisotumab vedotin as second- or third-line therapy for recurrent cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(1):44–55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2313811
  72. Vergote I, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, O’Cearbhaill RE, et al. Tisotumab vedotin in combination with carboplatin, pembrolizumab, or bevacizumab in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: results from the innovaTV 205/GOG-3024/ENGOT-cx8 study. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41(36):5536–5549. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00720
  73. Meric-Bernstam F, Makker V, Oaknin A, et al. Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing solid tumors: primary results from the DESTINY-PanTumor02 phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(1):47–58. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.02005
  74. Itkin B, Garcia A, Straminsky S, et al. Prevalence of HER2 overexpression and amplification in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257976. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257976
  75. Shi H, Shao Y, Lu W, Lu B. An analysis of HER2 amplification in cervical adenocarcinoma: correlation with clinical outcomes and the International endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification. J Pathol Clin Res. 2021;7(1):86–95. doi: 10.1002/cjp2.184
  76. Ibragimova MK, Tsyganov MM, Churuksaeva ON, et al. Assessing survival rate of HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancer patients. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2019;9(3-4):595–599. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-2019-3-4-595-599 EDN: ULBRPN
  77. Ehmann S, Sassine D, Straubhar AM, et al. Gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the cervix: clinical outcomes and genomic drivers. Gynecol Oncol. 2022;167(3):458–466. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.10.003
  78. Stolnicu S, Hoang L, Soslow RA. Recent advances in invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Virchows Arch. 2019;475(5):537–549. doi: 10.1007/s00428-019-02601-0
  79. Xiao ML, Fu L, Ma FH, et al. Comparison of MRI features among squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of cervix. Magn Reson Imaging. 2024;112:10–17. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.06.002
  80. Kojima A, Shimada M, Mikami Y, et al. Chemoresistance of gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a study of the sankai gynecology study group. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2018;28(1):99–106. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000001145
  81. Ueno S, Sudo T, Oka N, et al. Absence of human papillomavirus infection and activation of PI3K-AKT pathway in cervical clear cell carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013;23(6):1084–1091. doi: 10.1097/IGC.0b013e3182981bdc
  82. Smalley Rumfield C, Roller N, Pellom ST, et al. Therapeutic VACcines for HPV-associated MALIgnancies. Immunotargets Ther. 2020;9:167–200. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S273327
  83. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns H, National Cancer I, PapiVax Biotech I. Safety and feasibility of TA-CIN vaccine in HPV16 associated cervical cancer. 2024.
  84. Borcoman E, Lalanne A, Delord JP, et al. Phase Ib/II trial of tipapkinogene sovacivec, a therapeutic human papillomavirus16-vaccine, in combination with avelumab in patients with advanced human papillomavirus16-positive cancers. Eur J Cancer. 2023;191:112981. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112981
  85. Cibula D, Raspollini MR, Planchamp F, et al. ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer — Update 2023. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2023;33(5):649–666. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004429
  86. Look KY, Blessing JA, Michener CM, et al. Phase II evaluation of capecitabine in refractory nonsquamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2008;18(4):773–778. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01080.x
  87. Turco LC, Pedone Anchora L, Fedele C, et al. Human papillomavirus independent status on pathologic response and outcomes in locally advanced cervical cancer managed with chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2023;33(4):489–497. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003940
  88. Center MDAC. Clinicopathologic and ancillary testing of primary clear cell carcinoma of the cervix. 2024. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05046080?cond=Breast%20adenomyoepithelioma&rank=1
  89. Salvo G, Flores Legarreta A, Ramalingam P, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and prognostic factors in neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma: a neuroendocrine cervical tumor registry study. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2023;33(9):1359–1369. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004708
  90. Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co L. A study of WX390 combined with toripalimab in patients with advanced gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma with STK11 mutations. 2025.
  91. Center MDAC. Phase II study of AK104 (Cadonilimab) for recurrent small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix. 2025. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05063916?term=neuroendocrine%20cancer

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector



Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».