Modern ideas about the predictions of postpartum hemorrhage

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Abstract

Postpartum hemorrhage is currently a pressing problem. Its increasing incidence over time is observed not only in developing countries but also in countries with high levels of income and resources that significantly contribute to the development and functioning of the health system, which is the cause of scientific debate worldwide. The risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage include low hemoglobin level before birth, older maternal age, first birth, prolonged duration of the first and second stages of labor, high birth weight of the newborn, abnormal placentation, surgical vaginal birth, cesarean section, episiotomy, and placental defects.

This review outlines the main risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage, displays new data on the relationship between types of assisted reproductive technologies and postpartum hemorrhage, and discusses prospects for research regarding the problem.

A link between assisted reproductive technologies and postpartum hemorrhage elucidates the increase in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in developed countries. It is crucial to further research on obstetric risks following the use of assisted reproductive technologies and identify additional risk categories for complications to provide quality medical care and reduce maternal and perinatal losses.

About the authors

Alfiya G. Yashchuk

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: aig2@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2645-1662
SPIN-code: 2607-9150

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Aliya R. Iskandarova

Clinical Perinatal Center of the City, Ufa

Email: iskandarova_a@internet.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8181-5832
SPIN-code: 3035-0483

Assistant

Russian Federation, Ufa

Ilnur I. Musin

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: ilnur-musin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5520-5845
SPIN-code: 4829-1179

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Polina A. Berg

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: p.a.berg@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5266-0412
SPIN-code: 8996-8814

Assistant

Russian Federation, Ufa

Edward A. Berg

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: nucleardeer@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2028-7796
SPIN-code: 5899-0116

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Gulnaz H. Murtazina

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: karamelka5@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3856-8094
SPIN-code: 3823-0280

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Maria N. Makarova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: maria.medartz@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-7806-0013

6th year student

Russian Federation, Ufa

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