Preservation of culture as a system of values in modern conditions: challenges and prospects

The article highlights the problem of preserving historical humanity emphasized by Karl Jaspers, analyzes modern geopolitical and psychological risks that can deform cultures as multi-level value systems and distort their transmission between generations. For an analytical consideration of the levels and ways of development of human cultures, the model of Jean Gebser's structures of consciousness, illuminated in modern philosophical, psychological and political discourse by Ken Wilber, including archaic, magical, mythical, rational and integral levels, as well as the associated model of care ethics by Carol Gilligan, describing egoistic, ethnocentric and the world-centered levels. The article analyzes the current status of Western and Russian cultural civilizations declared and implemented by the political leadership of the United States and Russia, examines and identifies key geopolitical and ideological factors that can evolutionarily or involutionarily influence the development of Western and Russian cultural civilizations. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative analysis, in which, based on the consideration of models of consciousness structures proposed by Gebser, Gilligan and Wilber, an assessment and comparison of the current statuses and directions of changes in the declared and asserted values of the West and Russia in the context of real geopolitical processes is carried out. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive compilation and comparative consideration of philosophical views on cultures as multilevel value systems reflected in the works of Jaspers, Gebser, Gilligan and Wilber, with the involvement of the current state of Western and Russian cultures in their political expression as the subject of research. The article draws conclusions about the future of human cultures, about the factors influencing their harmonious growth and integral interaction, about the causes leading to the confrontation and degeneration of cultures. The problem of preserving historical humanity is identified and a solution is proposed in the form of strengthening cultures as value systems through a deeply interpreted concept of tradition, which is proposed to be considered and applied as the main means of preserving and transferring inherited and improved cultural experience between generations at all levels of consciousness inherent in the corresponding cultures-civilizations.

culture, values, tradition, worldview, stages of development, structures of consciousness, evolution, involution, integrality, geopolitics