Assessment of the adaptive ability of regenerant and original oat genotypes to soil stressors

The aim of the research is a comparative analysis of the response to soil stressors according to the biochemical and productive characteristics of the initial genotypes of oats (line 2h15) and regenerative forms (RA, RA_Al, RA_Mn, RA_Cd) in the framework of evaluating the effectiveness of applied cell selection schemes. In the vegetation experiment, the effect of soil stressors on plants was studied – increased acidity (pH = 4.3), toxicity of manganese ions (65.2 mg/kg, pH = 5.2) and cadmium (2.87 mg/kg, pH = 5.2). The Arkhan variety was used as a standard. The control was soil with a neutral pH (7.2). Regenerants were previously obtained in vitro on artificial media without stress (RA) and with selective agents: alumina acid (RA_Al), increased Mn²⁺ (RA_Mn) and Cd²⁺ (RA_Cd). On soil with stressors, the pigment content in regenerant leaves exceeded the baseline values by 1.4…1.6 times. In control, the differences between RA and the baseline are unreliable. All regenerative lines, regardless of growing conditions, were characterized by significantly lower levels of polyphenols in grain (11.2…12.4 mg/g dry weight), compared with the baseline and the standard by 1.2…1.3 times. On backgrounds with artificial addition of metals, an excess of the manganese level in the grain was noted: 1.7 times in RA_Mn (256.1 mg/kg), compared with the baseline, and there were no differences between them in the cadmium content in RA_Cd (1.82…1.67 mg/kg). On the control background, RA and the baseline significantly lagged behind the standard in terms of grain weight from the plant: in regenerants – 1.29 g; baseline – 1.38 g; standard – 1.65 g. With increased acidity and cadmium, all genotypes decreased productivity relative to the control, but to a lesser extent regenerants (1.6 and 1.4 times, respectively), the baseline – 2.8 and 2 times, the standard – 2.4 and 1.9 times.