THE CONCEPT OF THE IDEAL FORM OF THE RUSSIAN STATE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

We present the search for an optimal model of the Russian state through the prism of idealism. We doctrinally justify that the ideal form of the state is a construction that can be created theoretically and that can be approached, as it is gradually developed. In the modern sense, the ideal of state is already expressed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation – it is a democratic, legal, social state. We establish that the political and legal reform carried out in Russia has shown that the effectiveness of the country’s development depends on the importance of constitutional norms, the renewed role of the state, and the assertion and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. We propose arguments indicating that modern Russia can be considered a mixed (parliamentary-presidential) republic, an asymmetric and constitutional federation with a national-territorial character and democratic political regime. We investigate two main approaches to the definition of the ideal form of the state in modern Russia: firstly, a limited monarchy, a federation with democracy elements (based on the historical and cultural features of the development of the state), and secondly, the existing and proclaimed form of the state in the Constitution of the Russian Federation is considered, with an amendment to the challenges of the time. We conclude that the modern development of Russia, taking into account international standards, should move in the direction of the ideals already proclaimed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation with a mandatory focus on cultural, traditional and historical features of development.