Vol 8, No 6 (2025)

postoperative venous thromboembolic complications remain one of the main causes of death and disability in patients undergoing total knee and hip replacement in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in this cohort forms an intersection of pathogenetic mechanisms that combine bone remodeling disorders and activation of the hemostasis system. The purpose of this literature review is to systematize domestic and foreign data on the association of low bone mineral density with the risk of thromboembolic events, characterize the molecular and cellular processes responsible for this interaction, and critically analyze pharmacoprophylactic strategies recommended by Russian clinical guidelines. To prepare the article, we conducted an extended search for publications from 2005-2025 in the databases of eLibrary, RSCI, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as an analysis of the national recommendations of the Association of Orthopedic Traumatologists of Russia, the Association of Phlebologists of Russia and the Russian Association for Osteoporosis. The results demonstrate that the presence of osteoporosis increases the relative risk of symptomatic venous thrombosis after joint replacement by 60-80% in the absence of an adapted anticoagulant regimen, and direct factor Xa inhibitors are comparable in effectiveness to low-molecular-weight heparins, but safer for bone metabolism. Comprehensive consideration of densitometric parameters when choosing thromboprophylaxis is a promising area of personalized orthopedic care.

the prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is often combined with hypertension and can cause or worsen it. Some antihypertensive drugs may have undesirable effects on metabolic and hemodynamic disorders that link obesity and hypertension. Diuretics and beta-blockers have undesirable effects, while calcium antagonists are metabolically neutral, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can increase insulin sensitivity.The renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue is involved in the development of hypertension, and sodium retention plays a central role in the development of hypertension associated with obesity. Therefore, an ACE inhibitor or diuretics should be considered as first-line antihypertensive therapy for a combination of obesity and hypertension.

the article is devoted to the study of diagnostic laparoscopy for abdominal peritonitis. The relevance is justified by the requirements of improving the accuracy of diagnosis and reducing the traumatic nature of surgical interventions in acute peritoneal inflammation. The novelty lies in the comparative analysis of the outcomes of endoscopic and open access, taking into account the stability of hemodynamics and the stage of inflammation. Within the framework of the work, the diagnostic possibilities of laparoscopy are described, options for therapeutic manipulations through trocars are presented, and the access selection algorithm is substantiated. The indicators of diagnostic accuracy, the frequency of postoperative complications, and the duration of hospitalization were studied according to domestic and foreign sources. Special attention is paid to the criteria for selecting patients and the conditions for conversion to laparotomy. The work aims to identify effective practices for the use of diagnostic laparoscopy in various forms of peritonitis. To solve this problem, comparative analysis of publications, systematization of recommendations, synthesis of clinical data and development of an algorithmic decision-making scheme were applied. The works of A.S. Harutyunyan, O.V. Galimov, U.K. Ballehaninna et al. have been studied. In conclusion, the impact of the chosen strategies on the speed of recovery of patients and the safety of treatment is described. The article will be useful for surgeons, researchers of minimally invasive technologies and heads of surgical departments.

the article presents research findings on the image of Vladivostok entrepreneurs among established (N=51) and aspiring entrepreneurs (N=52). The study's relevance stems from Vladivostok's unique position and the growing importance of small and medium-sized enterprise development in current economic conditions. The research aimed to identify perceptual differences in entrepreneur representation between these groups. The methodology incorporated survey techniques, verbal associative experiments, and V.P. Serkin's semantic differential. Data analysis employed frequency analysis, categorical classification, factor analysis, and Fisher's exact test. Key findings revealed motivational differences: current entrepreneurs emphasized pragmatic aspects (adaptability, necessity), while future entrepreneurs focused on status and creativity. Factor analysis identified common image components ("Professional," "Proactive Leader") and a unique regional-specific factor ("Adventurer"). The practical significance lies in applying these results to entrepreneurship support programs and image policy development. The findings offer value for government agencies, business accelerators, and educational institutions. Future research should explore intergenerational differences and regional entrepreneurship specifics.

the article is dedicated to the problem of phubbing as a new type of addiction, which is more common among modern youth. The authors consider the peculiarities of the manifestation of this addiction, its types, and touch upon the issues of prevention of this addiction. The article presents the results of a pilot experiment carried out on the basis of Ugra State University to identify students with this type of addictive behavior. The authors suggest psychological resistance as an innate ability to resist negative influences and develop as a healthy personality as one of the effective means of phubbing prevention.

in crisis situations, different people prefer different ways of behaving. Differences in reactions are partly due to differences in the perception and interpretation of a particular context. In crises that affect a large part of the population and sometimes involve drastic lifestyle changes, subjective factors that influence the formation of certain ideas and images play an important role. The psychological patterns and structures of public policy images in the minds of Russian youth are of the greatest interest, since, on the one hand, young people have considerable potential in building the country's future, on the other, the effectiveness of government anti-crisis policy measures depends on the socio-psychological situation in society. Over the past few years, the world has changed quite a lot towards increased uncertainty. The loss of a sense of security, distrust of the world, emotional tension in society, polarization of opinions and division into "camps" and so on lead to the fact that the planning horizon of modern youth may be much shorter than it was ten years ago. The alarming mood in society and the return in the social context can be partially compensated by government policy to counteract crises, but in order to carry out effective measures, it is necessary to rely on feedback from society and take into account the socio-psychological climate. We conducted a study to study the structural and substantive characteristics of anti-crisis policy images in the minds of Russian youth living in the Far East.

in the context of the rapid expansion of the digital space and its integration into the educational and social environment, aggressive behavior in online communication is increasingly being recorded. This phenomenon is becoming particularly relevant for educational psychology, as it requires a rethink of the factors contributing to the formation of personality aggression in the digital environment. The article provides an overview of modern domestic and foreign studies devoted to the study of the relationship between Internet and smartphone addiction, decreased empathy, increased anxiety and aggressive behavior. A special role of empathy is highlighted as a buffer mechanism that reduces the risk of aggression with a high level of digital engagement. Personal predictors of aggression, such as neuroticism, impulsivity, and cognitive distortions, as well as psychophysiological and cognitive aspects that exacerbate destructive behaviors, are also considered. The influence of the phenomenon of online disinhibition and digital disindividuation on a decrease in self-regulation on the web is substantiated. Finally, the directions of psychodiagnostics and prevention of digital aggression in the educational environment are proposed. It is concluded that there is a need for an integrated approach to the study of digital aggression, taking into account both individual and environmental components, which is especially important in the context of psychodiagnostics and student support.

the article analyzes the relationship between the type of professional identity of employees and their strategies of behavior in conflict situations. The work covered both theoretical and empirical aspects of this problem, which allowed for a comprehensive approach to its study. Special attention is paid to various styles of conflict behavior and their dependence on the level of professional identity formation. Empirical research has confirmed the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between the level of professional identity and the preference for certain behavioral strategies in conflict. It has been found that employees with an established professional identity are more likely to resort to cooperation and compromise, while diffuse and premature types of identity correlate with the choice of competition and avoidance. This indicates that the formed professional identity not only contributes to personal stability, but also has a positive impact.

the article examines the peculiarities of the socio-psychological adaptation of military personnel discharged into the reserve. It emphasizes that the process of leaving military service is associated with a serious transformation of lifestyle, identity, and the role of the individual in society. The results of an empirical study are presented, in which the key difficulties of the adaptation period, the level of anxiety, and changes in the social and professional structure of the individual were analyzed. The novelty of the study lies in the proposed recommendations for the formation of an effective support system for demobilized personnel. The study was conducted at the Scientific and Consultative Psychological Center of the Donbas Agrarian Academy. The study involved 57 demobilized military personnel aged 25 to 47, whose length of service ranged from 5 to 8 years. It was found that the adaptation of military personnel discharged into the reserve is a complex task requiring a systematic interdisciplinary approach. Overcoming adaptation barriers is only possible through joint efforts by the state, the scientific community, and civil society institutions. The development and implementation of support programs based on empirical data and scientific models will increase the effectiveness of adaptation and ensure the dignified integration of veterans into civilian life.

in the current conditions of economic and political instability, as well as the widespread digital transformation of society, organizations and their work teams need to be flexible and adapt to the requirements of a highly competitive and dynamic external environment, which is largely achieved through the development of the most popular innovations. In today's context, these are primarily innovations related to digitalization and the implementation of artificial intelligence systems. The effectiveness of innovation processes, in turn, depends on the ability of the organization's employees to adapt to new requirements and organizational and labor conditions. IT personnel is the main human resource that ensures the process of introducing innovations in the field of information technology, digitalization, and artificial intelligence. Therefore, the success of such innovations depends on the professional competence, creativity, motivation, and attitude of IT specialists.

the article examines the features of the manifestation of empathy, communicative and organizational inclinations among students of pedagogical training profiles engaged in volunteer activities. Much attention is paid to the consideration of communicative, organizational inclinations and empathic manifestations among students-future teachers as the most important personality traits for future teachers, formed through volunteering. It is noted that communication, organizational skills and empathy are important personal qualities not only in volunteering, but also in teaching. It has been established that volunteering in the higher education system plays an important role in organizing and preparing for professional teaching activities of the volunteers themselves, contributing to the development of important personal qualities for the teacher, which include communicative and organizational inclinations, empathy.

the article is devoted to the study of the structure of educational and professional activities of students in the context of digitalization of education. The role of digital technologies in the formation of professional competence, identity and readiness of students for future professional activity is considered. There are four main types of educational and professional activities: theoretical, practical, design and research, each of which performs specific functions in professional development. Theoretical educational and professional activities ensure the development of basic knowledge, practical – the development of professional skills, project – the formation of competencies through solving interdisciplinary tasks, research – the development of analytical and research abilities. Special attention is paid to the integration of traditional and digital teaching methods that promote the development of digital literacy, critical thinking and a creative approach to solving professional tasks. Based on the analysis of modern research, the importance of a balanced approach to the use of digital technologies for the harmonious development of students in a professional environment is emphasized.

modern policy in the field of education and upbringing pays great attention to ensuring a high level of work and educational activities, the foundation of which is the self-regulation and self-organization of each teacher. The socio-emotional competence of the teaching staff has a direct impact on the effectiveness of the educational process, the work of colleagues and the creation of a work- and learning-friendly environment in an educational institution. Consequently, the hierarchical set of educational activities is based on an organizational culture that promotes the control and coordination of teams, as well as their integration into a single value system, the mechanism of which functions clearly and harmoniously not only in compliance with job descriptions, certain norms and recommendations, but also if teachers have skills in self-organization and self-regulation. The quality of management, professional experience and maturity of the team are closely correlated with the organizational culture of the institution, as compliance with the latter contributes to the formation of beliefs, principles and priorities of teachers and students. Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions were formulated: the existing types of cultures are chosen depending on the mentality of the people, where it is incorporated – in Russian realities, the synthesis of cultures of the organization is most relevant, in which the "role-playing" is dominant.

the article discusses the development of students' reflection level through the introduction of acting training into the educational process for six months. A special program of work with acting training classes twice a week, as well as the introduction of theatricalization elements into students' academic subjects, has been created. The result of the classes is the staging of a performance by students at a kindergarten. A theoretical study of the concept of reflection, its features and methods of development has been conducted. A study of the level of personal reflection of students of different fields is presented through Karpov's reflexivity questionnaire before and after the introduction of training into the educational process for six months. It has been proven that regular creative classes contribute to the development of reflection and reflexive skills, which has a positive effect on the educational process, decision-making and creative problem solving.

the purpose of the empirical study is to study the peculiarities of parental attitudes of mothers with a child, a primary school student, living in a megalopolis and in a small town. Psychodiagnostic research methods: a test questionnaire for studying parental attitudes PARI, authors – E.S. Schaefer and R.K. Bell; a stress diagnostic test (author ? A.O. Prokhorov); M. Rosenberg self?esteem scale. Main results: 1) it was found that the influence of the mesofactor of the region of residence on the parental attitudes of mothers of younger schoolchildren is expressed in the fact that mothers from a megalopolis have a stronger attitude towards verbalization of feelings in a mother-child relationship than mothers from a small town; 2) it was found that mothers from a megalopolis have a significantly more pronounced sense of self-sacrifice than mothers from mothers from a small town; 3) differences in the structure of the parenting system between mothers from a megalopolis and from a small town have been proven; 4) it has been found that mothers from a small town have a higher level of stress tolerance than mothers from a megalopolis; 5) it has been found that mothers of a megalopolis have a higher level of self-esteem than mothers of a small town; 6) it was found that mothers from megacities have a relationship between their level of stress resistance and their parenting attitudes, namely: the higher the mother's stress resistance, the more likely she is to have an optimal emotional connection with her child and a partnership with her child; 7) it has been established that mothers from small towns have a relationship between their level of self-esteem and their parenting style, which is characterized by a higher level of self-esteem, leading to a greater tendency for mothers to encourage their children to express their feelings, interests, and desires verbally. Practical application of the research results: in family counseling by psychologists, school psychologists, and other specialists working in the field of solving problems in child-parent relationships.

the article discusses ways and methods of motivating teenagers to participate in socially significant school initiative budgeting projects (hereinafter referred to as SCHiB). Despite the growing popularity of SCHiB, there is not enough research on the specifics of teenagers' motivation to participate in such projects. The analysis of the existing theoretical approaches to the study of the problem of motivation, including J. P. Morgan’s models, is presented. Atkinson, E. Erickson, and R. Bayard, as well as works by Russian researchers such as A.N. Leontiev, D.I. Feldstein, and L.I. Bozhovich. The article also presents the results of a focus group interview with teenagers who identified the main obstacles to participating in socially significant projects, such as the lack of a clear link between participation and personal goals, lack of time, self-doubt, lack of personal meaning or lack of understanding of the need to participate. The author suggests methods for increasing motivation, including the use of a “Personal Motivation Card”, gemification, the involvement of opinion leaders and working in small groups. The results of the study can be useful for the practice of school management and the formation of an active civic position among adolescents.

self-presentation of a creative subject is an important quality of professional activity, including creative activity when creating a creative product in modern society. Various approaches and opinions of scientists regarding the self-presentation of a creative subject are considered. Various self-presentation strategies are presented. The communication channels of a creative subject, which are important for self-presentation of creative activity, are considered. Based on the nature of the activity, the types of self-presentation by a creative subject are highlighted. The methods of developing professional creative thinking, which are important for self-presentation of a personality, are considered. The conclusions based on the conducted analytical research are presented.

the research relevance lies in the fact that in the context of a dynamically changing socio-cultural context, a professional psychologist must be able to solve complex problems, which is impossible without proper value orientation. Value constructs of the individual are the basis of professional identity and play a key role in the formation of a modern psychologist. The research goal is to identify the main value constructs of the personality of future psychologists, acting as a mechanism of professionalization. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: value orientations were studied, their relationship with professional motives and attitudes were revealed, and the factors affecting the formation of value constructs in the process of studying at the university were considered. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and includes a theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem, formal logical analysis, comparison, generalization and systematization. The following conclusions were formulated: the value constructs of the personality of the future psychologist are the basis for the regulation of professional behavior and actually determine the success of the entire process of professionalization, since they affect the choice of development strategies, identity and worldview of the future psychologist.

background: social networks have become an integral part of the lives of millions of people, highlighting the importance of studying their impact on self-esteem. Objective: to examine the self-esteem levels of social networks’ users in two regions of Russia using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Methods: the study involved individuals aged 15 and older from the Rostov Region and the Republic of Crimea. Data was collected using an online questionnaire in Google Forms, which included sections on socio-demographic parameters, social networks’ usage, and self-esteem assessment. Results: a total of 314 participants took part in the survey. Among them, 79% were women, 53.2% belonged to the 18-24 age group, and 61.5% were single. Daily use of social networks was reported by 96.6% of respondents. 5.4% of participants were observed with low self-esteem. Respondents in civil partnerships were significantly associated with low self-esteem (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4, p = 0.02). Factors such as male gender (OR = 7.7, p < 0.05), employment in the private sector (OR = 4.5, p = 0.03), or work experience of less than one year (OR = 6.2, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with low self-esteem only in the 25-34 age group. Conclusion: socio-demographic parameters have a greater impact on self-esteem than the frequency of social networks’ use. The study contributes to the existing knowledge of the influence of social factors on personal self-esteem.

the article is devoted to the psychological analysis of motivation and its role in choosing a partner. This article examines motivation, its meaning, the main types of motivation, as well as the process by which the emerging need is closed. The main theories of motivation are considered, which help to determine how people choose their partners. The theories of A. Maslow, K. Alderfer, D. McClelland and F. Herzberg, which help to determine the levels of human needs, play an important role in understanding motivation. These models allow us to understand that when choosing a partner, a person is guided by various motives: emotional, social, or the desire for success and power. Motivation influences the formation of deep and harmonious relationships, taking into account both basic needs and higher values. Further, the corresponding conclusions, what motivation is and how it affects the personality.