Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture

Background.  Cryopreservation of sperm from cattle is an effective method of breeding work. To increase the efficiency of cryopreservation, the improvement of synthetic diluents for freezing sperm is required. Special attention is paid to the search for new cryoprotectors capable of increasing sperm survival and preserving their fertility during cryopreservation.

Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of artificial insemination of cows with sperm containing molecular hydrogen.

Materials and methods. For the experiment, 2 groups of animals were selected, 50 heads each. The cows of the control group were inseminated with sperm frozen in a BioXcell medium, and the animals of the experimental group with sperm frozen in a BioXcell medium with molecular hydrogen. Insemination of cows was carried out by a group method by synchronizing sexual hunting according to the "Ovsinh" scheme. The effectiveness of insemination was evaluated on the basis of rectal ultrasound examination data after insemination. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of artificial insemination of cows with sperm cryopreserved in an improved medium containing molecular hydrogen with the indicators of fertilization obtained using sperm frozen in an environment without molecular hydrogen.

Results. Fertilization of cows with sperm containing molecular hydrogen increased by 11.5% after 3 months compared with the use of cryopreserved sperm without molecular hydrogen.

Conclusion. The results of the experiments indicate that the use of molecular hydrogen in the composition of the medium for diluting the seed makes it possible to increase the fertilizing ability of bull sperm and increase the fertilization rates of cows during artificial insemination. 

Background. Modification of the composition and concentration of microelements in the nutrient medium makes it possible to qualitatively assess the effect of metal ions on the morphogenic potential of plants in vitro.

Purpose. To study the effect of various zinc and copper concentrations in the culture medium on the morphogenic activity of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings and regenerated plants to optimize the technology of microclonal propagation.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences using R. pseudoacacia seed material and microshoots. The Murashige and Skoog protocol without the addition of phytohormones was used as the main nutrient medium. The following ranges of zinc and copper salt concentrations were used in the experiment: ZnSO4×7H2O (from 1.875 to 30 mg/l) and CuSO4×5H2O (from 3.75 to 60 mg/l). The shoot length, number of internodes and leaves, length of formed roots, and color of the leaf blade were estimated. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 12 software package (StatSoft, USA).

Results. The morphogenic role of zinc and copper ions in the culture medium during microclonal propagation of Robinia pseudoacacia was determined. For R. pseudoacacia seedlings and microshoots, a stimulating effect was exerted by a zinc sulfate concentration of 15 mg/l. Zn ions in the concentration range from 1.875 to 15 mg/l generally showed a stimulating effect on the processes of hemorrhizogenesis. The addition of copper ions in the studied range was manifested in a gradual inhibition of the morphogenic potential of both seedlings and cultivated microshoots of R. pseudoacacia. High concentrations of copper sulfate of 30 and 60 mg/l were sublethal for R. pseudoacacia microshoots.

Conclusion. The obtained results show that the studied concentrations of zinc ions can be used as effective stimulators of R. pseudoacacia morphogenesis in vitro culture.

Background. A comprehensive study of the factors affecting the optimization of the composting process is essential. The results of this study will contribute to a more efficient and sustainable management of chicken manure waste. By optimizing the composting process with a biochar additive, the environmental and sanitary risks associated with unprocessed manure can be reduced. The resulting compost will be a valuable organic fertilizer. Overall, this study can contribute to the development of organic animal waste management practices.

Purpose. Evaluation of the effect of different doses of biochar based on chicken manure on physicochemical (temperature, humidity, content of biogenic elements C, N, P, K) and microbiological (respiration activity, metabolic activity of microorganisms) parameters of chicken manure composting, as well as on the phytotoxicity of the finished compost with respect to the test subject of oat plants (Avena sativa L.).

Materials and methods. The object of the study was litter chicken manure with a sawdust content of less than 25%. To prepare compost mixtures, biochar was added to the original chicken manure at a dose of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15% (w:w), as well as sawdust in an amount of 33% (w:w). Composting was carried out for 150 days at a temperature of 20 °C. The content of total carbon and total nitrogen was estimated using an elemental analyzer according to the Dumas-Pregl method. The size and nature of biochar pores were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of biochar was estimated in accordance with the method for determining the specific surface area from isotherms in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model and the laser diffraction method according to GOST R 8.777-2011. Humidity was determined by the air-thermal method in accordance with GOST 28268-89. Respiration activity was assessed according to ISO 14240-1. The total metabolic activity of microbial communities of compost mixtures was determined using the AWCD (average cell color density) index and Biolog Ecoplates (Biolog Inc., USA). The phytotoxicity of the compost mixtures was assessed using the germination index (GI) of oat (Avena sativa L.) plants in accordance with ISO 11269.1:2012.

Results. It was shown that biochar application had no significant effect on the composting temperature regime - all compost mixtures studied were characterized by traditional temperature dynamics. To maintain the recommended moisture level, the most optimal doses were biochar doses of 10 and 15%. A positive effect on the content of nutrients C, N, P and K in the final compost mixtures was found when using 10 and 15% biochar. No influence of biochar on microbiological parameters of composting (respiration activity, metabolic activity) was observed, while maintaining positive dynamics of the composting process. Evaluation of biochar influence on phytotoxicity of composts showed that when using the highest dose of biochar (15%) the maximum value of germination index GI (118%) was found for oat plants (Avena sativa L.).

Conclusion. Thus, this study highlights the potential of using biochar derived from chicken manure to improve the composting process and enhance the quality of the final product. The results show that the incorporation of biochar into the composting process of chicken manure not only contributes to better nutrient retention, but also promotes healthier plant growth, thus offering a sustainable solution for poultry waste management.

Background. Toxicity and biological indicators of soil condition can change not only as a result of pollution, but also under the action of unfavorable environmental factors.

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of chemical pollution, short-term drought and acidification on the toxicological and bioindication characteristics of sod-podzolic soil.

Research methods. The object of the study was samples of sod-podzolic soil, which experienced the independent action of three factors: cadmium pollution (6.4±0.5 mg/kg), average acidity level (pH 4.8), lack of moisture (25 days). During bioassay, Paramecium caudatum cultures and a preparation based on Escherichia coli were used, during bioindication, catalase and urease activity, the number of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the soil were used.

Results. Bioassay of water extracts from the soil showed that in 30 min test reactions, the toxicity indices increase only in samples with a medium acid reaction of the medium. E. coli in 180 minutes showed sensitivity to soil samples that had experienced drought and cadmium pollution, P. caudatum – only to drought. The level of catalase activity of the soil under all influences was comparable to the control (soil without exposure); urease activity significantly decreased only in soil with a medium acidic reaction of the medium. The number of native ammonifiers in the soil decreased with all types of exposure; oligotrophes and oligocarbophiles gained an advantage (relative to control).

Conclusion. Thus, natural environmental factors can change the parameters of the ecological state of the soil in the same way as anthropogenic factors.

Background. The maturation of germ cells is a complex and multilevel process. To increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies in horses, a detailed study of the mechanisms of regulation of folliculogenesis is necessary.

Purpose. A lifetime study of the state of free radical status and the level of transcription factors regulating the antioxidant defense system in the follicular fluid (FF) of mares of the late transition period and the season of sexual cyclicity.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on mares, crossbreeds of heavy-duty, riding and Vyatka breeds, 6-12 years old in the spring transition period and the period of normal sexual cyclicity. 4 follicle groups were formed: large (≥31mm) follicles in the spring transition period, without signs of luteinization (group 1) and with signs of luteinization (group 2); large estrous follicles (>35 mm) in the ovulatory period without hormonal treatment (group 3) and with hormonal treatment (group 4). Photometric methods were used to determine the concentration of lipid peroxidation products – TBK-reactive products and protein oxidation products – carbonyl derivatives of proteins; the activity of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of endogenous antioxidant glutathione. The relative amounts of Nrf2, HIF-1a, VEGF and NFkB proteins were analyzed using the wester blot method.

Results. In the follicles of group 3, the concentration of TBK-reactive products and carbonyl derivatives of proteins increased significantly and exceeded the values of groups 1, 2 and 4. The content of non-protein SH groups reached a maximum level in the SH-group 4, exceeding the indicators of groups 1 and 3. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased in group 4 relative to group 1. The level of Nrf2 increased in the SH-group 4, HIF1a – 2 and 3 groups, NFkB and VEGFA – in group 2.

Conclusion. The growth of the follicle and its preparation for ovulation in cycling mares in the summer is accompanied by the development of oxidative stress, which leads to the activation of the redox-sensitive factor Nrf2, followed by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of endogenous antioxidant glutathione. For large follicles with signs of luteinization in the spring transition period, an increase in the level of VEGF and NFkB is characteristic in the FF, which may reflect the development of local hypoxia and inflammation and cause the development of the follicle along the path of luteinization without ovulation.

Background. Traditional dairy cattle improvement systems require significant resources and are not highly efficient. Selection based on DNA markers makes it possible to optimally form herds. Monitoring of genetic polymorphism of genes associated with improved qualities of dairy cattle is the basis for correction of breeding programs.

Purpose. To study the genotypic features of dairy cattle populations in the Omsk region.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is the genotypes of cows of the red steppe and black-mottled breeds. Monitoring of gene polymorphism was carried out on the basis of genetic passports of cows from 2020 to 2024. The number of genotypes of cows in the monitoring is 356 heads. Genotyping was carried out in the laboratories of KSITEST, Moscow and in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "GAU Northern Trans-Urals", Tyumen. SNPs have been determined by the CSN₂, LGB, and GH genes.

Results. The A1 allele, the CSN₂ gene, has the highest proportion in the population, from 40% in the red steppe breed and up to 45% in the black-mottled one. The lowest frequency of occurrence in the black-and–white breed in the F allele is 0.71%. The proportion of CSN₂^A2A2 homozygotes in the red steppe breed is 23.33%, which is higher than in the black-mottled breed by 6.18%. The frequency of occurrence of the allele A of the LGB gene in black-and-white cows was 62.14% and 51.67% in the red steppe breed. From 2022 to 2024, the frequency of the desired allele of the CSN₂ gene decreased by 0.06 – 0.07. The frequency of the desired allele of GH and LGB increased in 2024 in two populations. The genetic basis of the population has practically not changed over the period 2022-2024, which indicates the absence of breeding pressure, taking into account DNA markers.

Conclusion. Dairy cattle populations in the Omsk region are characterized by high genetic diversity in terms of genes-markers of dairy productivity, and regular monitoring of the genetic structure of breeds will optimize the breeding process.

The research focuses on the isolation and identification of Streptomyces and Meloidogyne species from soil and plant samples, particularly in oil palm plantations and tomato crops. Using the soil plating method, two Streptomyces isolates were obtained, identified as Streptomyces narbonensis through molecular techniques targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Concurrently, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) were extracted from symptomatic tomato plants using a modified Baerman apparatus, with morphological characteristics confirming their identity. The study further evaluates the biocontrol potential of S. narbonensis strain PSM242 and Trichoderma sp. against Meloidogyne sp. through both in vitro and field experiments. Results indicate that these biocontrol agents significantly reduce nematode populations and root gall formation, leading to enhanced growth metrics in cherry tomato plants. A factorial randomized block design was employed for data analysis, revealing that the combination of S. narbonensis and Trichoderma sp. in nutrient-enriched media yielded optimal results in controlling nematodes. Statistical analyses demonstrated that treatments combining both biocontrol agents resulted in the lowest gall diameter, weight, and juvenile nematode populations compared to controls. Additionally, significant improvements in root length and fruit weight were observed in treated plants. This research underscores the potential of utilizing microbial antagonists as sustainable alternatives for managing agricultural pests, contributing to more effective pest control strategies in crop production systems.

Background. In the context of modern challenges for ensuring food security and sustainable development of agrotechnologies in the Russian Federation, particular attention is being paid to optimizing plant cultivation methods in controlled environments. One of the promising methods is the use of closed hydroponic systems, where the light spectrum plays a key role in regulating growth processes and photosynthesis. This article focuses on studying the effects of different light spectra (blue, red, and mixed) on the growth of Lactuca sativa under controlled hydroponic conditions. The study presents the results of a comparative analysis of growth rates, biomass, and plant quality.

Purpose. To examine the influence of different light spectra (blue, red, and mixed) on the growth and productivity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in hydroponic conditions, to determine the optimal lighting conditions for maximizing yield and quality.

Materials and Methods. The study found that blue light (450 nm) increases chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, promoting compact plant growth with a high leaf count but reducing total biomass. Red light (660 nm, 740 nm), on the other hand, stimulates stem elongation and biomass accumulation but decreases chlorophyll content. Combined lighting (red and blue spectra) provided balanced results, ensuring optimal conditions for growth, high photosynthetic activity, and high-quality plant biomass.

Results. It has been shown that the use of UAVs in agriculture in the Sakhalin region offers broad opportunities for monitoring agricultural indicators, enabling the creation of a compact and flexible data collection system through the connection and integration of various sensors, thus facilitating the development of a scalable system. A model for the application of UAVs in the ecological monitoring of agricultural lands in the Sakhalin region has been developed, featuring an original interface for real-time sensor data processing and storage in a specialized database. To implement the model, a methodology for utilizing UAVs to assess the quality state of agricultural lands in the Sakhalin region was developed and tested.

Conclusions. The use of combined light spectra in hydroponic systems allows for achieving maximum productivity and quality in lettuce cultivation. The results underscore the need for further optimization of lighting conditions to promote efficient Lactuca sativa growth under hydroponic conditions and confirm the potential of closed hydroponic systems for sustainable food crop production.

Background. The northern and north-eastern slopes of Stavropol regio, which are unsuitable for growing field crops have favorable natural and climatic conditions that meet the biological requirements of the sweet cherry crop. Modern agricultural production technology does not sufficiently take into account the needs of sweet cherry in well-drained soils, relatively low frost resistance and early flowering of varieties, self-fertility of the crop, high requirements for the selection and placement of pollinator varieties, as well as the organization of cross-pollination of flowers by various types of insects.

Purpose. The aim was to work out the practical recommendations for growing cherries on low-arable slopes of the Stavropol region with a steepness of up to 15-20 degrees.

Materials and methods. The researches were conducted from 2007 to 2024 on experimental production gentle slopes in the central and foothill zones of the Stavropol region. While designing the width of the terrace fabric, there were used the recommendations for the care of agricultural crops. The agroecological and biological potential of garden agrolandscapes was determined in accordance with the methods of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. Field studies were carried out according to the "Methodological recommendations for phytosanitary and toxicological monitoring of fruit species and berry bushes". The yield was taken into account by the weight method.

Results. The existing principles of pruning and crown formation are of little use in a cherry orchard. The possibility of implementing mechanized technologies for pruning and harvesting is not taken into account. Uneven precipitation only in cherries has catastrophic losses of fruit yield due to their cracking. Forecasting, prevention and dumping regulation of abiotic factors are rarely used.

Conclusion. Recommendations are offered for the placement and formation of the structure of cherry plantations, crop care, the possibilities of reducing the cost price by improving the varietal composition and machine suitability of plantings are revealed.

Background. The forestry industry is one of the most promising in the structure of the country's economy. For its qualitative transformation, it is necessary to develop and implement development strategies and models at industry enterprises that meet modern requirements. World practice and scientific developments point to the need to adopt the principles of sustainable development. In this regard, the models of functioning of modern timber enterprises should take into account a complex of factors related to the economy, ecology and the social sphere.

Purpose. The analysis of the peculiarities of the development of enterprises of the forest industry in modern conditions and the development of a model of their sustainable development.

Materials and methods. The research is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists, statistical data on the production activities of Russian timber enterprises, and expert opinions regarding the current opinion on the development of the industry. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office programs. The prediction was performed using the exponential smoothing method.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, the model of development of a timber industry enterprise. Its key elements are four structures: economic, industrial, environmental and innovative. An important aspect in the development of industry enterprises is the need for sustainable development. Using the exponential smoothing method, predictive models of changes in production indicators of industry enterprises were obtained.  The results obtained are new and can be used from both theoretical and applied points of view.

Conclusion. The study confirmed the hypothesis about the importance of modeling the activities of enterprises in the forestry industry, while focusing on sustainable development will be key to competitiveness in the near future.

Background. Breast cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal growth of breast cells, which can grow uncontrollably and form tumors. If left untreated, these tumors can spread throughout the body and become life-threatening.
The CAL51 cell line was first isolated from a malignant pleural effusion of a woman with metastatic breast cancer. These cells grow in continuous culture and exhibit the morphological and ultrastructural features of epithelial cells of mammary origin. They are tumorigenic in nude mice and form colonies in soft agar. Estrogen receptors are not detected in these cells.
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of purified staphyloxanthin on a specific breast cancer model, the CAL51 cell line, and to demonstrate the pigment's effect as a potential treatment for this type of cancer. The study also sought to determine the ideal concentration of staphyloxanthin required to inhibit tumor cell growth. In addition, it evaluated the effect of the pigment on a normal, non-malignant cell line (REF cells).
Materials and methods. A total of 106 specimens were collected from hospitals in Baghdad. Patients of different age groups, both male and female, were included in the study, which spanned from October to April 2023. All bacterial isolates were examined for their microscopic, biochemical, and cultural characteristics. The results were further confirmed using the Vitek2 system.
Staphyloxanthin was extracted using ethyl acetate and acetone as solvents and purified through column chromatography. Four concentrations of the staphyloxanthin pigment, incubated for 24 hours, were used in the trial treatment of the CAL-51 tumor cell line and the normal REF cell line in vitro.
Results. A total of 53 bacterial isolates were collected, with 50% identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that the primary source of S. aureus infection was the nasal cavity (from patients and medical staff), followed by wound ulcers and burns, which accounted for 38.7% of the infections. These sites were identified as the most common sources of bacterial infection.
In addition, the results showed that bacterial infections in urine and blood samples accounted for 22% and 26%, respectively, while 21% of the isolates were obtained from eye samples. Other sources of bacterial isolates were found at lower levels.
The ability of the bacteria to produce the pigment was tested, with the TID12 strain showing the highest production value of 1.87.
The extracted pigment concentration was 170.997 U/cell. In the CAL-51 tumor cell line, the maximum inhibition rate was 83% at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml, followed by 76% at 500 µg/ml, 73% at 250 µg/ml, and 70% at 125 µg/ml.
In contrast, for the normal REF cell line, tested at the maximum time point of 72 hours, the inhibition rate was significantly lower: 28% at 1000 µg/ml, 25% at 500 µg/ml, 22% at 250 µg/ml, and 20% at 125 µg/ml.
Conclusion. The purified staphyloxanthin pigment demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on the CAL-51 cell line at varying concentrations. However, it exhibited little to no effect on the normal REF cell line.

Background. Resistance to antiplatelet therapy increases the likelihood of cardiovascular complications and coronary death. Overcoming resistance to acetylsalicylic acid helps reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular events in the future.

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the enteric-coated form of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and to consider ways to overcome resistance to it.

Materials and methods. In order to assess the initial level of platelet aggregation activity, 74 patients were examined, 54 of whom formed the main group of patients with chronic coronary heart disease and 20 patients formed the control group.

Results. Initially, the level of platelet aggregation activity between the groups differed significantly. The differences persisted after the use of Thrombo ASS 100 mg/day, which suggested low efficiency of antiplatelet therapy in some patients. Combined use of acetylsalicylic acid and lipid-lowering therapy, along with high motivation of patients for drug treatment, led to an additional decrease in platelet aggregation activity and a decrease in resistance to it.

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that patients with chronic coronary heart disease have significantly increased platelet aggregation activity. The use of lipid-lowering therapy and high adherence to drug treatment significantly increases the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy.

Background. Myopia in young people causes a relative deficit in the receipt of visual afferent information, as well as compensatory tension of neurophysiological mechanisms of processing auditory information at the level of the neocortex. The high rates of digitalization of education and lifestyle among young people, especially the first year of university studies, exacerbate not only the risk of myopia progression, but also the stress of information processing processes. It is important to identify neurophysiological correlates of stress in auditory information processing processes as potential neuromarkers of the risk of cognitive impairment in myopes.

Purpose. To study the characteristics of cognitive evoked potentials (VP) of P300 in young people aged 17-19 with myopia.

Materials and methods. 96 people, 66 girls and 30 boys participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 18.3±0.1 years. 37 participants without ophthalmopathology and 59 people with an established diagnosis of "myopia" from among the students of the medical University of Arkhangelsk. The participants were assessed for uncorrected and maximally corrected visual acuity, the value of clinical refraction (in diopters), qualitative changes, as well as the margin of relative accommodation (in diopters). The latency and amplitude of the components of cognitive auditory VP R300 were determined using the NeuronSpectr-4/VPM electroencephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia). The obtained results were processed using the statistical software package SPSS.

Results. In myopes aged 17-19 years, compared with people without ophthalmopathology, the decision-making time (latency of the P3 component) in the left frontal and parietal regions of the brain is longer, and the peak amplitude of the P3 component in the left frontal and central parts of the brain is increased. The amplitude parameters of the N2-P3 component in individuals with myopia in the occipital regions of the brain were higher than in healthy participants (statistically significantly on the right) with significant differences in the severity of the anterior–posterior gradient of the amplitudes of the P2-N2 component in myopes and healthy individuals.

Conclusion. In myopes aged 17-19 years, an elongation of decision-making time was revealed with the involvement of a larger amount of neuronal resources, including the resources of the visual and posterior temporal cortex of the brain, when perceiving and recognizing significant auditory information in comparison with ophthalmologically healthy individuals.

Background. The agribusiness ensures the country’s food security, creates conditions for forming labour and demographic potential. The key industry is crop production.

Purpose. To study the state of crop production in the Bryansk region.

Materials and methods. The materials and methods of the study present an analytical review of agricultural innovations in crop production based on scientific and technical achievements.

Results. It is shown that the region is among the leaders in the potato and grain production, and the number of profit-making organizations using resource-saving technologies is growing. The specifics of the crop production transformation into a high-tech and knowledge-intensive sphere are noted. It has been established that large and medium-sized organizations make use of digital agricultural innovations and “smart” agricultural machinery. The problems in staffing for agricultural enterprises have been identified. The ways of their solution are considered. The requirements of modern crop production for “digital” agronomists are analyzed. The necessity of further cooperation between the state, business, agrarian science, and education is shown.

Conclusion. State support and implementation of programs for the development of the agricultural sector have allowed domestic producers to gain certain competitive advantages in the world agricultural market. There is a large-scale transformation of crop production into a high-tech and knowledge-intensive industry. The Bryansk region demonstrates high achievements in the agricultural sector, it provides high-quality products to the population of the region, Russian and foreign markets. Precision farming, rational use of natural resources are being introduced in farms, and “smart” agricultural machinery is being used. Staffing problems are being successfully solved at the regional level. For the further development of the regional crop production, it is necessary to accelerate the digital modernization of the agrarian sector by increasing resource availability, to develop infrastructure, systems of additional professional education and self-education, to improve the image of rural work, and to increase the level of entrepreneurial culture.

Background.  Stress and its consequences have become one of the most significant medical and social problems of our time, affecting about 80% of all diseases. Everyone, regardless of age, gender, culture or social status, is affected by stress. This circumstance leads to a growing interest in the study of adaptive reactions to various types of stress, their negative consequences and the search for effective and fast methods to prevent and eliminate them in modern society.

The variety of adaptive reactions, their mechanisms and optimization possibilities, as well as ways to increase the body's resistance to adverse effects remain important issues of pathological physiology and pharmacology.

In recent decades, a particularly relevant area has become the study of new natural plant adaptogens that can limit stress, and which are more common than traditional ones, such as ginseng, rhodiola rosea and eleutherococcus prickly. The clinical value of these new adaptogens is determined by their ability to effectively optimize the processes of emergency and long-term adaptation, which includes reducing hyperergic damage caused by stress, activating regenerative metabolic processes, prolonging the stage of resistance and preventing the development of the stage of exhaustion. In addition, new plant adaptogens should have medicinal properties, contributing to faster recovery after stress damage and dysfunction of various systems and organs.

Purpose. To study the effect of polysaccharide extracted from calendula flowers on the regulation of erythropoiesis and restoration of hematopoietic functions in animals under stress, as well as to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic agent for improving the body's condition in the post-stress period.

Materials and methods. In the course of the work, a review of literature data from open medical databases such as eLibrary, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Chinese CNKI citation database was conducted. The review was unsystematic in nature and was a semantic analysis of research conducted over the past 10 years (from 2014 to 2024). As a result, more than 4,000 publications were found. The materials received were analyzed and discussed by the research group, and only those papers that met the following criteria were included in the final review: the study is devoted to the study of stress mechanisms and their correction; it is an experimental or clinical study with a clearly described methodology that allows the results to be considered reliable; published in peer-reviewed scientific journals; the full-text version of the article is available in open databases or can be obtained from the authors through the Research Gate.

Results. This review is devoted to the consideration of various aspects of the biological activity of plant polysaccharides, in particular those extracted from calendula officinalis flowers and the possibility of their use as effective plant adaptogens under stress.

Conclusion. The results of the experiment showed that the polysaccharide helps to reduce the number of erythroblastic islets in the bone marrow and the level of red blood cells in the blood, which may indicate its ability to regulate erythropoiesis. In addition, there was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels and its concentration in erythrocytes, as well as an increase in catalase activity in erythrocyte membranes in animals treated with polysaccharide. These data confirm the possibility of using calendula polysaccharide as a therapeutic agent for restoring hematopoietic functions and improving the body's condition in the post-stress period, which opens up new prospects for further research in this field.

Background. Global climate warming leads to the emergence of long periods of hot weather in summer in the Russian Federation. It causes the emergence of pathologies that were previously found only in tropical countries. One of them is foot pathology resulting from the combined effects of hot weather and humid environmental conditions. It can occur in people of various specialities working in humid environmental conditions. Analysing literature sources, we found that there is a lack of information on this problem in domestic literature sources.

Purpose. To increase the effectiveness of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of foot pathology arising in patients as a result of the combined effects of hot weather and humid environmental conditions, by informing medical professionals about this problem and ways of solving it.

Materials and methods. We searched for publications in RSCI, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases by the key word term «tropical foot». A total of 29 publications were identified, of which 24 were selected.

Results. The information has been analysed and a modern view on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of «warm water immersion foot» (WWIF) and «tropical immersion foot» (TIF) has been formulated. It is revealed that the pathophysiology of these diseases is not sufficiently studied. It is noted that existing prevention and treatment measures are based on clinical experience rather than on the principles of evidence-based medicine.

Conclusion. In connection with global climate warming, the need for further scientific research aimed at a comprehensive integrated study of this pathology and the development on their basis of its effective prevention and treatment is certainly relevant.

Background. Nowadays dental implantation is one of the most recommended methods of treatment which is aimed at eliminating defects of dentitions. However, over the past 10 years, more and more publications have described one of the most common complications that can lead to the loss of a dental implant, peri-implantitis. In domestic and foreign scientific medical sources of information, the issue of approaches to managing patients with peri-implantitis is increasingly being discussed. However, despite the introduction of the latest technologies, instruments, materials and pharmacological preparations, the medical practitioners increasingly face the problem of post-implantation complications.

Purpose. To analyze the literature data on the use of pharmacological drugs in the complex therapy of post-implantation peri-implantitis.

Materials and methods. To study the possibilities of using pharmaceuticals in the complex therapy of peri-implantitis, an analysis of current literature on the topic was conducted, including scientific articles, monographs and dissertations, in total 32 sources were analyzed. The work presents the opinion of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic of interest. For the analysis of literature, the following materials of the resources were used: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary.

Results. This review presents the generalized results of studies on the use of pharmaceuticals in the complex therapy of peri-implantitis. The most recommended medicines of pharmacological groups are from the following antiseptics, antibacterial drugs, herbal medicinal products. Among antiseptics, the leader in prescriptions is 0.005% chlorhexidine solution, and among antibacterial agents, the combination of amoxicillin 2.25 g/day and metronidazole 0.5 g/day. Modern literary data suggest using pharmacotherapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis, as an addition to the main therapy.

Conclusion. To achieve positive results in treatment the peri-implantitis it is necessary to approach therapy comprehensively, which means: to apply combinations of pharmacological drugs, to use additional methods of removal of microbic films from the implant base.