Current issue
2024 ¹1
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Vasylyk, I.A., & Levchenko, S.V. (2024). Development of grape breeding as an effective way to combine resistance and quality. Scientific review. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 1-21. (In Russian, English abstract)
Nowadays, with the development of genomic technologies, it is becoming increasingly possible to establish pathogen resistance genes in the grape genome and to move from traditional generative breeding of grape cultivars to marker assisted selection (MAS) at the gene and genome level. Compared to traditional approaches, the application of MAS in the context of background selection is a breakthrough in making valuable traits of wild species available in breeding programs in a manageable time frame. MAS allows targeted pyramiding of resistance loci. The combination of different resistance loci is of interest not only for the degree of resistance but also for the expectation of higher resistance. The application of MAS also makes possible the selection of suitable parents with optimized pyramiding potential. One of the directions of breeding work on the creation of new cultivars was breeding for resistance to phylloxera, downy mildew and powdery mildew. However, preconceptions regarding the wine quality of the new resistant varieties prevented their entry into the market. These prejudices are still popular and may be the reason why much of the wine community ignores significant progress in breeding and sticks to using well-known varietal wines or blends in practice. What is new is the need to increase viticulture resilience and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Climate change with its extreme weather conditions has already necessitated a change of cultivars in many wine regions. A paradigm shift is therefore knocking on the door: new cultivars (PIWI) versus traditional cultivars for climate-adapted and sustainable viticulture.
Nowadays, with the development of genomic technologies, it is becoming increasingly possible to establish pathogen resistance genes in the grape genome and to move from traditional generative breeding of grape cultivars to marker assisted selection (MAS) at the gene and genome level. Compared to traditional approaches, the application of MAS in the context of background selection is a breakthrough in making valuable traits of wild species available in breeding programs in a manageable time frame. MAS allows targeted pyramiding of resistance loci. The combination of different resistance loci is of interest not only for the degree of resistance but also for the expectation of higher resistance. The application of MAS also makes possible the selection of suitable parents with optimized pyramiding potential. One of the directions of breeding work on the creation of new cultivars was breeding for resistance to phylloxera, downy mildew and powdery mildew. However, preconceptions regarding the wine quality of the new resistant varieties prevented their entry into the market. These prejudices are still popular and may be the reason why much of the wine community ignores significant progress in breeding and sticks to using well-known varietal wines or blends in practice. What is new is the need to increase viticulture resilience and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Climate change with its extreme weather conditions has already necessitated a change of cultivars in many wine regions. A paradigm shift is therefore knocking on the door: new cultivars (PIWI) versus traditional cultivars for climate-adapted and sustainable viticulture.
References
1. Bannikova, A.A. (2004). Molecular markers and modern phylogenetics of mammals. Journal of general biology, 65, 278-305. EDN: OWARQF (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Vlasov, V.V., Muljukina, N.A., Tulaeva, M.I., Kovaljova, I.A., Chisnikov, V.S., Konup, L.O., Karastan, O.M., & Losjeva, D.Ju. (2015). DNA-technologies for grapevine researches in NSC «Tairov research institute of viticulture and wine-making». Russian grapes, 1, 55-62. EDN: VEDGKZ (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Volynkin, V.A., Zlenko, V.A., & Likhovskoi, V.V. (2009). Grape breeding for seedlessness, large-fruitedness and early maturity at the level of polyploidy. Viticulture and winemaking, 39, 9-13. EDN: VKAEGX (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Golodriga, P.Ya., & Troshin, L.P. (1978). Biological and technical program for the creation of complex-resistant, highly productive grape varieties. Perspectives on selection and genetics of grapes for immunity. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. (In Russian).
5. Ilnickaja, E.T., Petrov, V.S., Nudga, T.A., Larkina M.D., & Nikulushkina, G.E. (2016). Improvement of assortment and grapes breeding methods for unstable climatic conditions of south of Russia. Winemaking and viticulture, 4, 36-41. EDN: XILYFD (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Vlasov, V.V., Muljukina, N.A., Tulaeva, M.I., Kovaljova, I.A., Chisnikov, V.S., Konup, L.O., Karastan, O.M., & Losjeva, D.Ju. (2015). DNA-technologies for grapevine researches in NSC «Tairov research institute of viticulture and wine-making». Russian grapes, 1, 55-62. EDN: VEDGKZ (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Volynkin, V.A., Zlenko, V.A., & Likhovskoi, V.V. (2009). Grape breeding for seedlessness, large-fruitedness and early maturity at the level of polyploidy. Viticulture and winemaking, 39, 9-13. EDN: VKAEGX (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Golodriga, P.Ya., & Troshin, L.P. (1978). Biological and technical program for the creation of complex-resistant, highly productive grape varieties. Perspectives on selection and genetics of grapes for immunity. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. (In Russian).
5. Ilnickaja, E.T., Petrov, V.S., Nudga, T.A., Larkina M.D., & Nikulushkina, G.E. (2016). Improvement of assortment and grapes breeding methods for unstable climatic conditions of south of Russia. Winemaking and viticulture, 4, 36-41. EDN: XILYFD (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Klimenko, V.P. (2014). Scientific basis for creating source material and breeding new highly productive grape varieties (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). ARNRIVW «Magarach». Yalta. EDN: YRDBUT (In Russian).
7. Kostrikin, I.A., Syan, I.N., Maystrenko, L.A., & Maystrenko, A.N. (2002). Interspecific hybridization of grapes. Winemaking and Viticulture, 1, 36-38. EDN: WECQUP (In Russian).
8. Likhovskoi, V.V. (2019). Methodology for improving genetic diversity and assortment of grapes. ARNRIVW «Magarach». Simferopol. EDN: YVEMVR (In Russian).
9. Matveeva, T.V., Pavlova, O.A., Bogomaz, D.I. Demkovich, L.A., & Lutova, A.E. (2011). Molecular markers for plant species identification and phylogenetics. Ecological genetics, 9, 32-43. EDN: NUDWXN (In Russian).
10.Risovannaya, V.I (2008). Molecular genetic coding of microsatellite profiles of grape varieties. Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking, 4, 9-10. EDN: ZDCCVL (In Russian).
11.Risovannaia, V., & Gorislavets, S. (2013). Molecular-genetic markers in the grapes breeding. Scientific works of the State Scientific Institution of the North Caucasus Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 174-180. EDN: RBXVFR (In Russian, English abstract).
12.Smaragdov, M.G. (2009). Genomic selection as a possible accelerator of traditional selection. Russian Journal of Genetics, 45, 633-636. EDN: KMLMWR (In Russian, English abstract).
13.Sulimova, G.E. (2004). DNK-markers in genetic studies: types of markers, their characteristics and application. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 124, 260-271. EDN: OXMHRV (In Russian, English abstract).
14.Tikhonova, N.G., & Khlestkina, E.K. (2019). Genetic editing for improvement of fruit and small fruit crops. Horticulture and viticulture, 4, 10-15. https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2019-4-10-15. EDN: SEDBIE (In Russian, English abstract).
15.Khlestkina, E.K. (2011). Molecular methods of the analysis of the structural and functional organization of genes and genomes in higher plants. Vavilov journal of genetics and breeding, 15, 757-768. EDN: OOZBTB (In Russian, English abstract).
16.Khlestkina, E.K. (2013). Molecular markers in genetic research and breeding. Vavilov journal of genetics and breeding, 17, 1044-1054. EDN: RVGWOT (In Russian, English abstract).
17.Altukhov, Yu.P., & Salmenkova, E.A. (2002). DNA polymorphism in population GENETICS. Genetika, 38, 1173-1195.EDN: MPNTEB
18.Barker, C., Donald, L., Pauquet, T., Ratnaparkhe, J., Bouquet, A., Adam-Blondon, A.-F., Thomas, M.R., & Dry, I. (2005). Genetic and physical mapping of the grapevine powdery mildew resistance gene, Run1, using a bacterial artificial chromosome library. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 111, 370-377.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-2030-8
19.Bavaresco, L. (1990). Progress in grapevine breeding for disease resistance. Vignevini, 6, 29-38.
20.Bavaresco, L. (2017). Attualita e prospettive sui nuovi vitigni resistenti alle malattie. L’Enologo, 10, 56-59.http://hdl.handle.net/10807/111731
21.Bavaresco, L., & Squer, C. (2022). Outlook on disease resistant grapevine varieties. BIO Web of Conferences, 44, 06001. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224406001
22.Bellin, D., Peressotti, E., Merdinoglu, D., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Adam-Blondon, A.-F., Cipriani, G., Morgante, M., Testolin, R., & Di Gaspero, G. (2009). Resistance to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine ‘Bianca’ is controlled by a major dominant gene causing localized necrosis at the infection site. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 120, 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224406001
23.Buonassisi, D., Colombo, M., Migliaro, D., Dolzani, C., Peressotti, E., Mizzotti, C., Velasco, R., Masiero, S., Perazzolli, M., & Vezzulli S. (2017). Breeding for grapevine downy mildew resistance: a review of «omics» approaches. Euphytica, 213(103). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1882-8
24.Cattell, H., & Miller, L. (1980). The Wines of the East. III. Native American Grapes. Lancaster: L&H Photojournalism.
25.Dalbo, M.A., Ye, G.N., Weeden, N.F., Wilcox, W.F., & Reisch, B.I. (2001). Marker assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance in grapes. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 126, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.126.1.83
26.De Rosso, M., Panighel, A., Migliaro, D. Possamai, T., De Marchi, F., Velasco, R., & Flamini, R. (2023). The pivotal role of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the study of grape glycosidic volatile precursors for the selection of grapevines resistant to mildews. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 58, e496. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4961
27.Eibach, R., Töpfer, R., & Hausmann, L. (2010). Use of genetic diversity for grapevine resistance breeding. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 60, 332-337.
28.Eibach, R., & Töpfer, R. (2014). Progress in Grapevine Breeding. Acta Horticulture, 1046, 197-209. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1046.25
29.Fischer, B.M., Salakhutdinov, I., Akkurt, M., Eibach, R., Edwards, K.J., Töpfer, R., & Zyprian, E. (2004). Quantitative trait locus analysis of fungal disease resistance factors on a molecular map of grapevine. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 108, 501-515.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1445-3
30.Frommer,B., Holtgrawe, D., Hausmann, L., Viehöver, P., Huttel, B., Töpfer, R., & Weisshaar, B. (2020). Genome sequences of both organelles of the grapevine rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 9. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01471-19
31.Frommer, B., Hausmann, L., Holtgrawe, D., Viehöver, P., Huttel, B., Reinhardt, R., Töpfer, R., & Weisshaar, B. (2022). A fully phased interspecific grapevine rootstock genome sequence representing V. riparia and V. cinerea and allele-aware annotation of the phylloxera resistance locus Rdv1. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.07.499180
32.Fort, F., Lin-Yang, Q., Ricardo Suarez-Abreu, L., Sancho-Galan, P., Miquel Canals, J., & Zamora, F. (2023). Study of Molecular Biodiversity and Population Structure of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera on the Volcanic Island of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) by Using Microsatellite Marker. Horticulturae, 9, 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121297
33.Hausmann, L., Eibach, R., Zyprian, E., & Töpfer, R. (2014). Sequencing of the Phylloxera Resistance Locus Rdv1 of Cultivar ‘Börner’. Acta Horticulturae, 1046, 73-78. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1046.7
34.Hoffmann, S., Di Gaspero, G., Kovacs, L., Howard, S., Kiss, E., Galbacs, Z., Testolin, R., & Kozma P. (2008). Resistance to Erysiphe necator in the grapevine ‘Kishmish vatkana’ is controlled by a single locus through restriction of hyphal growth. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 116, 427-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0680-4
35.Jaillon, O., Aury, J.-M., Noel, B., Choisne, N., Jubin, C., Dasilva, C., Poulain, J., Billault, A., Segurens, B., Gouyvenoux, M., Ugarte, E., Anthouard, V., Vico, V., Scarpelli, C., Artiguenave, F., Weissenbach, J., Quetier, F., & Wincker, P. (2007). The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla. Nature, 449, 463-467. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06148
36.Likhovskoi, V.V., Zlenko, V.A., Spotar, G.Y., & Klimenko,V. P. (2023). Marker-Assisted Selection of Grape Hybrids. Nanotechnol Russia, 18, 458-461. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2635167622600080
37.Malnoy, M., Viola, R., Jung, M.-H., Koo, O.-J., Kim, S., Kim, J.-S., Velasco, R., & Nagamangala Kanchiswamy, C. (2016). DNA-Free Genetically Edited Grapevine and Apple Protoplast Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01904
38.Marguerit, E., Boury, C., Manicki, A., Donnart, M., Butterlin, G., Nemorin, A., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Merdinoglu, D., Ollat, N., & Decroocq, S. (2009). Genetic dissection of sex determinism, inflorescence morphology and downy mildew resistance in grapevine. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118, 1261-1278.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-0979-4
39.Merdinoglu, D., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Coste, P., Dumas, V., Haetty, S., Butterlin, G., & Greif, C. (2003). Genetic analysis of downy mildew resistance derived from Muscadinia rotundifolia. Acta Hortuculture, 603, 451-456.https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.603.57
40.Myles, S., Chia, J.M., Hurwitz, B., Simon, C., Yuan Zhong, G., Buckler, E., & Ware, D. (2010). Rapid genomic characterization of the genus Vitis. PLoS ONE, 5, e8219. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008219
41.Osakabe, Y., Liang, Z., Ren, C., Nishitani, C., Osakabe, K., Wada, M., Komori, S., Malnoy, M., Velasco, R., Poli, M., Jung, M.-H., Koo, O.-J., Viola, R., & Nagamangala Kanchiswamy, C. (2018). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in apple and grapevine. Nature Protocols, 13, 2844-2863. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41596-018-0067-9
42.Peressotti, E., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Delmotte, F., Bellin, D., Di Gaspero, G., Testolin, R., Merdinoglu, D., & Mestre, P. (2010). Breakdown of resistance to grapevine downy mildew upon limited deployment of a resistant variety. BMC Plant Biology, 10, 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-147
43.Ren, C., Lin, Y., Li, H., Li, S., & Liang, Z. (2022). Targeted genome editing in grape using multiple CRISPR-guided editing systems. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.22.504768
44.Riaz, S., Krivanek, A.F., Xu, K., & Walker, M.A. (2006). Refined mapping of the Pierce’s disease resistance locus, PdR, and Sex on an extended genetic map of Vitis rupestris x V. arizonica. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 113, 1317-1329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0385-0
45.Röckel, F., Trapp, O., Zyprian, E., Hausmann, L., Migliaro, D., Vezzulli, S., Töpfer, R., & Maul, E. (2021). A ‘Regent’ pedigree update: ancestors, offspring and their confirmed resistance loci. Vitis, 60, 189-193.https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2021.60.189-193
46.Röckel, F., Schreiber, T., Schüler, D., Braun, U., Krukenberg, I., Schwander, F., Peil, A., Brandt, C., Willner, E., Gransow, D., Scholz, U., Kecke, S., Maul, E., Lange, M., & Töpfer, R. (2022). PhenoApp: A mobile tool for plant phenotyping to record field and greenhouse observations. F1000Research, 11:12.https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74239.2
47.Scheben, A., Yuan, Y., & Edwards, D. (2016). Advances in Genomics for Adapting Crops to Climate Change. Current Plant Biology, 6, 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2016.09.001
48.Scheben, A., Wolter, F., Batley, J., Puchta, H., & Edwards, D. (2017). Towards CRISPR/Cas crops – bringing together genomics and genome editing. New phytologist, 126, 682-698. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14702
49.This, P., Jung, A., Boccacci, P., Borrego, J., Botta, R., Costantini, L., Crespan, M., Dangl, G.S., Eisenheld, C., Ferreira-Monteiro, F., Grando, S., Ibanez, J., Lacombe, T., Laucou, V., Magalhaes, R., Meredith, C.P., Milani, N., Peterlunger, E., Regner, F., Zulini, L., & Maul, E. (2004). Development of a standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1448-1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1760-3
50.This, P., Lacombe, T., Cadle-Davidson, M., & Owens, C. (2007). Wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) color associates with allelic variation in the domestication gene VvmybA1. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 114, 723-730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0472-2
51.Töpfer, R., & Trapp, O. (2022). A cool climate perspective on grapevine breeding: climate change and sustainability are driving forces for changing varieties in a traditional market. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 3947-3960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04077-0
52.Vasylyk, I., Gorislavets, S., Matveikina, E., Lushchay, E., Grigoreva, E., Volkov, V., Volodin, V., Spotar, G., Risovannaya, V., Likhovskoi, V., Volynkin, V., Potokina, E., Lytkin, K., & Karzhaev, D. (2022). SNPs associated with foliar phylloxera tolerance in hybrid grape populations carrying introgression from Muscadinia. Horticulturae, 8, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010016.EDN: SUMMXK
53.Volynkin, V.A., Polulyakh, A.A., Levchenko, S.V., Vasylyk, I.A., & Likhovskoy, V.V. (2020). Aspects of the particular genetics of grapes prolonged for all horticulture crops. Horticultural Crops. London. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90566. EDN: MYXMQV
54.Volynkin, V., Likhovskoi, V., Levchenko, S., Vasylyk, I., Ryff, I., Berezovskaya, S., Boyko, V., & Belash, D. (2021a). Modern trends of breeding cultivars for recreational areas of viticulture. Acta Horticulturae, 1307, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1307.3. EDN: YWPFEB
55.Volynkin, V.A., Levchenko, S.V., & Vasylyk, I.A. (2021b). Genetically determined expression and inheritance of grapes resistance to pathogens as a manifestation of co-evolution. Acta Horticulturae, 1315, 335-340. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1315.50. EDN: IBMMCM
56.Velasco, R., Zharkikh, A., Troggio, M., Cartwright, D.A., Cestaro, A., Pruss, D., Pindo, M., FitzGerald, L.M., Vezzulli, S., Reid, J., Malacarne, G., Iliev, D., Coppola, G., Wardell, B., Micheletti, D., Macalma, T., Facci, M., Mitchell, J.T., Perazzolli, M., Eldredge, G., Gatto, P., Oyzerski, R., Moretto, M., Gutin, N., Stefanini, M., Chen, Y., Segala, C., Davenport, C., Dematte, L., Mraz, A., Battilana, J., Stormo, K., Costa, F., Tao, Q., Si-Ammour, A., Harkins, T., Lackey, A., Perbost, C., Taillon, B., Stella, A., Solovyev, V., Fawcett, J.A., Sterck, L., Vandepoele, K., Grando, S.M., Toppo, S., Moser, C., Lanchbury, J., Bogden, R., Skolnick, M., Sgaramella, V., Bhatnagar, S.K., Fontana, P., Gutin, A., Van de Peer, Y., Salamini, F., & Viola, R. (2007). A high quality draft consensus sequence of the genome of a heterozygous grapevine variety. PLoS ONE, 2, e1326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001326
57.Wang, Z., Wang, S., Li, D., Zhang, Q., Li, L., Zhong, C., Liu, Y., & Huang, H. (2018). Optimized paired-sgRNA/Cas9 cloning and expression cassette triggers high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in kiwifruit. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16, 1424-1433. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12884
58.Welter, L.J., Göktürk-Baydar, N., Akkurt, M., Maul, E., Eibach, R., Töpfer, R., & Zyprian, E. (2007). Genetic mapping and localization of quantitative trait loci affecting fungal disease resistance and leaf morphology in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Molecular Breeding, 20, 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-007-9097-7
59.Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Prado, E., Coste, P., Dumas, V., Butterlin, G., Bouquet, A., & Merdinoglu, D. (2006). Genetic analysis of resistance to downy mildew from Muscadinia rotundifolia // 9th International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding. Udine. Italy.
60.Zhang, J., Hausmann, L., Eibach, R., Welter, L., Töpfer, R., & Zyprian, E. (2009). A framework map from grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera ‘Schiava grossa’ × ‘Riesling’) × rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis cinerea) to localize genetic determinants to phylloxera root resistance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 119, 1039-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1107-1
61.Zharkikh, A., Troggio, M., Dmitry, T., Cestaro, A., Eldrdge, G., Pindo, M., Mitchell, J.T., Vezzulli, S., Bhatnagar, S., Fontana, P., Viola, R., Gutin, A., Salamini, F., Skolnick, M., & Velasco, R. (2008). Sequencing and assembly of highly heterozygous genome of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir: Problems and solutions. Journal of Biotechnology, 136, 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.04.013
7. Kostrikin, I.A., Syan, I.N., Maystrenko, L.A., & Maystrenko, A.N. (2002). Interspecific hybridization of grapes. Winemaking and Viticulture, 1, 36-38. EDN: WECQUP (In Russian).
8. Likhovskoi, V.V. (2019). Methodology for improving genetic diversity and assortment of grapes. ARNRIVW «Magarach». Simferopol. EDN: YVEMVR (In Russian).
9. Matveeva, T.V., Pavlova, O.A., Bogomaz, D.I. Demkovich, L.A., & Lutova, A.E. (2011). Molecular markers for plant species identification and phylogenetics. Ecological genetics, 9, 32-43. EDN: NUDWXN (In Russian).
10.Risovannaya, V.I (2008). Molecular genetic coding of microsatellite profiles of grape varieties. Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking, 4, 9-10. EDN: ZDCCVL (In Russian).
11.Risovannaia, V., & Gorislavets, S. (2013). Molecular-genetic markers in the grapes breeding. Scientific works of the State Scientific Institution of the North Caucasus Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 174-180. EDN: RBXVFR (In Russian, English abstract).
12.Smaragdov, M.G. (2009). Genomic selection as a possible accelerator of traditional selection. Russian Journal of Genetics, 45, 633-636. EDN: KMLMWR (In Russian, English abstract).
13.Sulimova, G.E. (2004). DNK-markers in genetic studies: types of markers, their characteristics and application. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 124, 260-271. EDN: OXMHRV (In Russian, English abstract).
14.Tikhonova, N.G., & Khlestkina, E.K. (2019). Genetic editing for improvement of fruit and small fruit crops. Horticulture and viticulture, 4, 10-15. https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2019-4-10-15. EDN: SEDBIE (In Russian, English abstract).
15.Khlestkina, E.K. (2011). Molecular methods of the analysis of the structural and functional organization of genes and genomes in higher plants. Vavilov journal of genetics and breeding, 15, 757-768. EDN: OOZBTB (In Russian, English abstract).
16.Khlestkina, E.K. (2013). Molecular markers in genetic research and breeding. Vavilov journal of genetics and breeding, 17, 1044-1054. EDN: RVGWOT (In Russian, English abstract).
17.Altukhov, Yu.P., & Salmenkova, E.A. (2002). DNA polymorphism in population GENETICS. Genetika, 38, 1173-1195.EDN: MPNTEB
18.Barker, C., Donald, L., Pauquet, T., Ratnaparkhe, J., Bouquet, A., Adam-Blondon, A.-F., Thomas, M.R., & Dry, I. (2005). Genetic and physical mapping of the grapevine powdery mildew resistance gene, Run1, using a bacterial artificial chromosome library. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 111, 370-377.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-2030-8
19.Bavaresco, L. (1990). Progress in grapevine breeding for disease resistance. Vignevini, 6, 29-38.
20.Bavaresco, L. (2017). Attualita e prospettive sui nuovi vitigni resistenti alle malattie. L’Enologo, 10, 56-59.http://hdl.handle.net/10807/111731
21.Bavaresco, L., & Squer, C. (2022). Outlook on disease resistant grapevine varieties. BIO Web of Conferences, 44, 06001. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224406001
22.Bellin, D., Peressotti, E., Merdinoglu, D., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Adam-Blondon, A.-F., Cipriani, G., Morgante, M., Testolin, R., & Di Gaspero, G. (2009). Resistance to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine ‘Bianca’ is controlled by a major dominant gene causing localized necrosis at the infection site. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 120, 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224406001
23.Buonassisi, D., Colombo, M., Migliaro, D., Dolzani, C., Peressotti, E., Mizzotti, C., Velasco, R., Masiero, S., Perazzolli, M., & Vezzulli S. (2017). Breeding for grapevine downy mildew resistance: a review of «omics» approaches. Euphytica, 213(103). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-017-1882-8
24.Cattell, H., & Miller, L. (1980). The Wines of the East. III. Native American Grapes. Lancaster: L&H Photojournalism.
25.Dalbo, M.A., Ye, G.N., Weeden, N.F., Wilcox, W.F., & Reisch, B.I. (2001). Marker assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance in grapes. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 126, 83-89. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.126.1.83
26.De Rosso, M., Panighel, A., Migliaro, D. Possamai, T., De Marchi, F., Velasco, R., & Flamini, R. (2023). The pivotal role of high-resolution mass spectrometry in the study of grape glycosidic volatile precursors for the selection of grapevines resistant to mildews. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 58, e496. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4961
27.Eibach, R., Töpfer, R., & Hausmann, L. (2010). Use of genetic diversity for grapevine resistance breeding. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 60, 332-337.
28.Eibach, R., & Töpfer, R. (2014). Progress in Grapevine Breeding. Acta Horticulture, 1046, 197-209. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1046.25
29.Fischer, B.M., Salakhutdinov, I., Akkurt, M., Eibach, R., Edwards, K.J., Töpfer, R., & Zyprian, E. (2004). Quantitative trait locus analysis of fungal disease resistance factors on a molecular map of grapevine. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 108, 501-515.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1445-3
30.Frommer,B., Holtgrawe, D., Hausmann, L., Viehöver, P., Huttel, B., Töpfer, R., & Weisshaar, B. (2020). Genome sequences of both organelles of the grapevine rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 9. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01471-19
31.Frommer, B., Hausmann, L., Holtgrawe, D., Viehöver, P., Huttel, B., Reinhardt, R., Töpfer, R., & Weisshaar, B. (2022). A fully phased interspecific grapevine rootstock genome sequence representing V. riparia and V. cinerea and allele-aware annotation of the phylloxera resistance locus Rdv1. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.07.499180
32.Fort, F., Lin-Yang, Q., Ricardo Suarez-Abreu, L., Sancho-Galan, P., Miquel Canals, J., & Zamora, F. (2023). Study of Molecular Biodiversity and Population Structure of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera on the Volcanic Island of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) by Using Microsatellite Marker. Horticulturae, 9, 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121297
33.Hausmann, L., Eibach, R., Zyprian, E., & Töpfer, R. (2014). Sequencing of the Phylloxera Resistance Locus Rdv1 of Cultivar ‘Börner’. Acta Horticulturae, 1046, 73-78. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1046.7
34.Hoffmann, S., Di Gaspero, G., Kovacs, L., Howard, S., Kiss, E., Galbacs, Z., Testolin, R., & Kozma P. (2008). Resistance to Erysiphe necator in the grapevine ‘Kishmish vatkana’ is controlled by a single locus through restriction of hyphal growth. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 116, 427-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-007-0680-4
35.Jaillon, O., Aury, J.-M., Noel, B., Choisne, N., Jubin, C., Dasilva, C., Poulain, J., Billault, A., Segurens, B., Gouyvenoux, M., Ugarte, E., Anthouard, V., Vico, V., Scarpelli, C., Artiguenave, F., Weissenbach, J., Quetier, F., & Wincker, P. (2007). The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla. Nature, 449, 463-467. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06148
36.Likhovskoi, V.V., Zlenko, V.A., Spotar, G.Y., & Klimenko,V. P. (2023). Marker-Assisted Selection of Grape Hybrids. Nanotechnol Russia, 18, 458-461. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2635167622600080
37.Malnoy, M., Viola, R., Jung, M.-H., Koo, O.-J., Kim, S., Kim, J.-S., Velasco, R., & Nagamangala Kanchiswamy, C. (2016). DNA-Free Genetically Edited Grapevine and Apple Protoplast Using CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01904
38.Marguerit, E., Boury, C., Manicki, A., Donnart, M., Butterlin, G., Nemorin, A., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Merdinoglu, D., Ollat, N., & Decroocq, S. (2009). Genetic dissection of sex determinism, inflorescence morphology and downy mildew resistance in grapevine. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118, 1261-1278.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-0979-4
39.Merdinoglu, D., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Coste, P., Dumas, V., Haetty, S., Butterlin, G., & Greif, C. (2003). Genetic analysis of downy mildew resistance derived from Muscadinia rotundifolia. Acta Hortuculture, 603, 451-456.https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.603.57
40.Myles, S., Chia, J.M., Hurwitz, B., Simon, C., Yuan Zhong, G., Buckler, E., & Ware, D. (2010). Rapid genomic characterization of the genus Vitis. PLoS ONE, 5, e8219. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008219
41.Osakabe, Y., Liang, Z., Ren, C., Nishitani, C., Osakabe, K., Wada, M., Komori, S., Malnoy, M., Velasco, R., Poli, M., Jung, M.-H., Koo, O.-J., Viola, R., & Nagamangala Kanchiswamy, C. (2018). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in apple and grapevine. Nature Protocols, 13, 2844-2863. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41596-018-0067-9
42.Peressotti, E., Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Delmotte, F., Bellin, D., Di Gaspero, G., Testolin, R., Merdinoglu, D., & Mestre, P. (2010). Breakdown of resistance to grapevine downy mildew upon limited deployment of a resistant variety. BMC Plant Biology, 10, 147. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-147
43.Ren, C., Lin, Y., Li, H., Li, S., & Liang, Z. (2022). Targeted genome editing in grape using multiple CRISPR-guided editing systems. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.22.504768
44.Riaz, S., Krivanek, A.F., Xu, K., & Walker, M.A. (2006). Refined mapping of the Pierce’s disease resistance locus, PdR, and Sex on an extended genetic map of Vitis rupestris x V. arizonica. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 113, 1317-1329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0385-0
45.Röckel, F., Trapp, O., Zyprian, E., Hausmann, L., Migliaro, D., Vezzulli, S., Töpfer, R., & Maul, E. (2021). A ‘Regent’ pedigree update: ancestors, offspring and their confirmed resistance loci. Vitis, 60, 189-193.https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2021.60.189-193
46.Röckel, F., Schreiber, T., Schüler, D., Braun, U., Krukenberg, I., Schwander, F., Peil, A., Brandt, C., Willner, E., Gransow, D., Scholz, U., Kecke, S., Maul, E., Lange, M., & Töpfer, R. (2022). PhenoApp: A mobile tool for plant phenotyping to record field and greenhouse observations. F1000Research, 11:12.https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74239.2
47.Scheben, A., Yuan, Y., & Edwards, D. (2016). Advances in Genomics for Adapting Crops to Climate Change. Current Plant Biology, 6, 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2016.09.001
48.Scheben, A., Wolter, F., Batley, J., Puchta, H., & Edwards, D. (2017). Towards CRISPR/Cas crops – bringing together genomics and genome editing. New phytologist, 126, 682-698. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14702
49.This, P., Jung, A., Boccacci, P., Borrego, J., Botta, R., Costantini, L., Crespan, M., Dangl, G.S., Eisenheld, C., Ferreira-Monteiro, F., Grando, S., Ibanez, J., Lacombe, T., Laucou, V., Magalhaes, R., Meredith, C.P., Milani, N., Peterlunger, E., Regner, F., Zulini, L., & Maul, E. (2004). Development of a standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1448-1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1760-3
50.This, P., Lacombe, T., Cadle-Davidson, M., & Owens, C. (2007). Wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) color associates with allelic variation in the domestication gene VvmybA1. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 114, 723-730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0472-2
51.Töpfer, R., & Trapp, O. (2022). A cool climate perspective on grapevine breeding: climate change and sustainability are driving forces for changing varieties in a traditional market. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 3947-3960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04077-0
52.Vasylyk, I., Gorislavets, S., Matveikina, E., Lushchay, E., Grigoreva, E., Volkov, V., Volodin, V., Spotar, G., Risovannaya, V., Likhovskoi, V., Volynkin, V., Potokina, E., Lytkin, K., & Karzhaev, D. (2022). SNPs associated with foliar phylloxera tolerance in hybrid grape populations carrying introgression from Muscadinia. Horticulturae, 8, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010016.EDN: SUMMXK
53.Volynkin, V.A., Polulyakh, A.A., Levchenko, S.V., Vasylyk, I.A., & Likhovskoy, V.V. (2020). Aspects of the particular genetics of grapes prolonged for all horticulture crops. Horticultural Crops. London. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90566. EDN: MYXMQV
54.Volynkin, V., Likhovskoi, V., Levchenko, S., Vasylyk, I., Ryff, I., Berezovskaya, S., Boyko, V., & Belash, D. (2021a). Modern trends of breeding cultivars for recreational areas of viticulture. Acta Horticulturae, 1307, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1307.3. EDN: YWPFEB
55.Volynkin, V.A., Levchenko, S.V., & Vasylyk, I.A. (2021b). Genetically determined expression and inheritance of grapes resistance to pathogens as a manifestation of co-evolution. Acta Horticulturae, 1315, 335-340. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1315.50. EDN: IBMMCM
56.Velasco, R., Zharkikh, A., Troggio, M., Cartwright, D.A., Cestaro, A., Pruss, D., Pindo, M., FitzGerald, L.M., Vezzulli, S., Reid, J., Malacarne, G., Iliev, D., Coppola, G., Wardell, B., Micheletti, D., Macalma, T., Facci, M., Mitchell, J.T., Perazzolli, M., Eldredge, G., Gatto, P., Oyzerski, R., Moretto, M., Gutin, N., Stefanini, M., Chen, Y., Segala, C., Davenport, C., Dematte, L., Mraz, A., Battilana, J., Stormo, K., Costa, F., Tao, Q., Si-Ammour, A., Harkins, T., Lackey, A., Perbost, C., Taillon, B., Stella, A., Solovyev, V., Fawcett, J.A., Sterck, L., Vandepoele, K., Grando, S.M., Toppo, S., Moser, C., Lanchbury, J., Bogden, R., Skolnick, M., Sgaramella, V., Bhatnagar, S.K., Fontana, P., Gutin, A., Van de Peer, Y., Salamini, F., & Viola, R. (2007). A high quality draft consensus sequence of the genome of a heterozygous grapevine variety. PLoS ONE, 2, e1326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001326
57.Wang, Z., Wang, S., Li, D., Zhang, Q., Li, L., Zhong, C., Liu, Y., & Huang, H. (2018). Optimized paired-sgRNA/Cas9 cloning and expression cassette triggers high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in kiwifruit. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16, 1424-1433. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12884
58.Welter, L.J., Göktürk-Baydar, N., Akkurt, M., Maul, E., Eibach, R., Töpfer, R., & Zyprian, E. (2007). Genetic mapping and localization of quantitative trait loci affecting fungal disease resistance and leaf morphology in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Molecular Breeding, 20, 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-007-9097-7
59.Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, S., Prado, E., Coste, P., Dumas, V., Butterlin, G., Bouquet, A., & Merdinoglu, D. (2006). Genetic analysis of resistance to downy mildew from Muscadinia rotundifolia // 9th International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding. Udine. Italy.
60.Zhang, J., Hausmann, L., Eibach, R., Welter, L., Töpfer, R., & Zyprian, E. (2009). A framework map from grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera ‘Schiava grossa’ × ‘Riesling’) × rootstock cultivar ‘Börner’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis cinerea) to localize genetic determinants to phylloxera root resistance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 119, 1039-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-009-1107-1
61.Zharkikh, A., Troggio, M., Dmitry, T., Cestaro, A., Eldrdge, G., Pindo, M., Mitchell, J.T., Vezzulli, S., Bhatnagar, S., Fontana, P., Viola, R., Gutin, A., Salamini, F., Skolnick, M., & Velasco, R. (2008). Sequencing and assembly of highly heterozygous genome of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir: Problems and solutions. Journal of Biotechnology, 136, 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.04.013
Abstract
Savchenko, O.M., & Gryaznov, M.Yu. (2024). Methodology development for conducting tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of the golden root. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 22-31. (In Russian, English abstract)
The methodology for testing distinctiveness, homogeneity and stability for a promising and less common medicinal plant – golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) was developed. To develop the methodology, we studied a collection of samples of different geographical origins obtained from Delectus (as well as from expeditions and exchanges): from the Yakut Botanical Garden (Institute of Biological Problems of Permafrost, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk); the Montreal Botanical Garden (Montreal, Quebec, Canada); from the Botanical Garden of SSU named after Pitirim Sorokina (Syktyvkar, Komi Republic), the Botanical Garden of Samara University (Samara); Les Serres Botaniques (Grenoble, France); the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden named after N.A. Avrorin (PABSI) (Kirovsk); the Botanical Garden-Institute of Perm State Technical University (Yoshkar-Ola); the Botanical Garden of Innsbruck (Austria) and a cultivated population in the Botanical Garden of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VILAR (Altai, 1989). The morphology of plants, shoots, leaves, flowers, inflorescences and fruits was studied. Based on the data obtained, ranked series were compiled according to the characteristics of variability and 12 parameters were determined for the Table of characteristics by which golden root varietal samples could be tested. Then, based on the Table of characteristics, a variety questionnaire was compiled, including the most distinctive characteristics. The technique is illustrated with drawings of the architectonics of the shoots, the shape of the leaves, the location of the denticles along the edges of the leaves and the shape of the inflorescences for a more accurate description of the studied characteristics of the variety.
The methodology for testing distinctiveness, homogeneity and stability for a promising and less common medicinal plant – golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) was developed. To develop the methodology, we studied a collection of samples of different geographical origins obtained from Delectus (as well as from expeditions and exchanges): from the Yakut Botanical Garden (Institute of Biological Problems of Permafrost, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk); the Montreal Botanical Garden (Montreal, Quebec, Canada); from the Botanical Garden of SSU named after Pitirim Sorokina (Syktyvkar, Komi Republic), the Botanical Garden of Samara University (Samara); Les Serres Botaniques (Grenoble, France); the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden named after N.A. Avrorin (PABSI) (Kirovsk); the Botanical Garden-Institute of Perm State Technical University (Yoshkar-Ola); the Botanical Garden of Innsbruck (Austria) and a cultivated population in the Botanical Garden of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VILAR (Altai, 1989). The morphology of plants, shoots, leaves, flowers, inflorescences and fruits was studied. Based on the data obtained, ranked series were compiled according to the characteristics of variability and 12 parameters were determined for the Table of characteristics by which golden root varietal samples could be tested. Then, based on the Table of characteristics, a variety questionnaire was compiled, including the most distinctive characteristics. The technique is illustrated with drawings of the architectonics of the shoots, the shape of the leaves, the location of the denticles along the edges of the leaves and the shape of the inflorescences for a more accurate description of the studied characteristics of the variety.
References
1. Sidelnikov, N.I. (Ed.). (2021). Atlas of medicinal plants of Russia (pp. 446-449). Moscow: Nauka. EDN: DQVIKR (In Russian).
2. Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (2023).State register for selection achievements admitted for usage (national list). Plant varieties (official publication) (Vol. 1, pp 140). Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh. https://gossortrf.ru/upload/iblock/bbb/j9r93w3z4qwldvy93asvrelhfo927c3e.pdf (In Russian).
3. Poletaeva, I.I., Volodina, S.O., & Volodin, V.V. (2013). Studying the individual variability of Rhodiola rosea L. plants for selection the valuable genotypes for microclonal reproduction. Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 15(3-2), 769-775. EDN: RVSHRJ (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Savchenko, O.M., Tsybulko, N.S., & Samatadze, T.E. (2023). Comparative study of representatives of different populations of Sedum roseum (L.) scop growing in conditions of field crop rotation. South of Russia: ecology, development, 18(2), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-21-32. EDN: DZCJYO (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Sambuu, A.D., Shaulo, D.N., & Zykova, E.Yu. Bioecological features and productivity of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in the Republic of Tyva. Rastitel’nyj mir aziatskoj Rossii, 14(4), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.15372/RMAR20210402. EDN: XJMGTP (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Frolov, Yu.M., & Poletaeva, I.I. (1998). Rhodiola rosea in the European Northeast. Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. EDN: RQCQBH (In Russian).
7. Khmeleva, I.R. (2023). Bioecological features of Rhodiola rosea in the flora of the Altai Republic. Information and education: borders of communication, 15, 17-18. https://doi.org/10.59131/2411-9814_2023_15(23)_17. EDN: XGOALV (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Erst, A.A., Petruk, A.A., Zibareva, L.N., & Erst, A.S. (2021). Morphological, histochemical and biochemical features of cultivated Rhodiola rosea (Altai mountains ecotype). Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 14(6), 701-710 https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425521060135. EDN: LPQVGC
9. Peschel, W., Kump, A., Horvath, A., & Csupor, D. (2016). Age and harvest season affect the phenylpropenoid content in cultivated European Rhodiola rosea L. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.10.037. EDN: WVDOYP
10. WFO (2024). Rhodiola rosea L. The World Flora Online. http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000399342
11. RTG/01/3 General introduction to testing for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability and writing descriptions dated July 22, 2002 ¹ 12-06/52. Official Bulletin of the State Commission 2002, 6. (In Russian).
9. Peschel, W., Kump, A., Horvath, A., & Csupor, D. (2016). Age and harvest season affect the phenylpropenoid content in cultivated European Rhodiola rosea L. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.10.037. EDN: WVDOYP
10. WFO (2024). Rhodiola rosea L. The World Flora Online. http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000399342
11. RTG/01/3 General introduction to testing for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability and writing descriptions dated July 22, 2002 ¹ 12-06/52. Official Bulletin of the State Commission 2002, 6. (In Russian).
12. UPOV (2011). Harmonization of states of expression and notes of characteristics appearing in the UPOV test guidelines. International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). https://www.upov.int/edocs/mdocs/upov/en/tc_27/tc_27_5.pdf
Abstract
Lavrusevich, N.G., & Borodkina, À.G. (2024). Features of the reduction division of the Malus domestica tetraploid. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 32-40. (In Russian, English abstract)
A promising trend in agronomy is considered to be apple breeding at the polyploid level, which ensures the production of triploid high-quality varieties necessary for growing in intensive orchards and more adaptive to the conditions of the modern ecological environment,. A wide range of initial tetraploid forms is necessary for obtaining triploids. When using tetraploids as pollinators it is necessary to consider the features of formation of male gametes. It allows to select correctly the initial forms for crossing and identify the necessary amount of hybridization. Data on the study of meiosis in microsporogenesis in the tetraploid apple form 34-21-39 [30-47-88 [Liberty × 13-6-106 (s.s. Suvorovetz)] (4x) × Krasa Sverdlovska (2x)]] are given in this paper. In most microsporocytes the pictures of meiotic division were correct. The spectrum of violations was small. The percentage of violations at all stages of division ranged from 11.3 % to 22.5 %. Chromosome runs and lags, emissions of individual chromosomes into the cytoplasm of the microsporocyte and bridges between anaphase groups were noted. Tetrad stage was characterized by the presence of polyads (pentads, hexads and heptads). At the final stage of meiosis, 77.7 % of correct tetrads were formed. Despite of the presence of abnormal pictures of division in microsporogenesis, the tetraploid apple form 34-21-39 (4x) had a high percentage of visually normal viable pollen, as evidenced by the results of the analysis of ploidy of hybrid progeny involving this form as a pollinator. In the crossing combination Girlianda(2x) × 34-21-39(4x), 80,0 % of hybrid progeny turned out to be a triploid set of chromosomes. It is concluded that there is a possibility of using the tetraploid apple form 34-21-39 (4x) as a pollinator in the breeding programs using polyploids.
A promising trend in agronomy is considered to be apple breeding at the polyploid level, which ensures the production of triploid high-quality varieties necessary for growing in intensive orchards and more adaptive to the conditions of the modern ecological environment,. A wide range of initial tetraploid forms is necessary for obtaining triploids. When using tetraploids as pollinators it is necessary to consider the features of formation of male gametes. It allows to select correctly the initial forms for crossing and identify the necessary amount of hybridization. Data on the study of meiosis in microsporogenesis in the tetraploid apple form 34-21-39 [30-47-88 [Liberty × 13-6-106 (s.s. Suvorovetz)] (4x) × Krasa Sverdlovska (2x)]] are given in this paper. In most microsporocytes the pictures of meiotic division were correct. The spectrum of violations was small. The percentage of violations at all stages of division ranged from 11.3 % to 22.5 %. Chromosome runs and lags, emissions of individual chromosomes into the cytoplasm of the microsporocyte and bridges between anaphase groups were noted. Tetrad stage was characterized by the presence of polyads (pentads, hexads and heptads). At the final stage of meiosis, 77.7 % of correct tetrads were formed. Despite of the presence of abnormal pictures of division in microsporogenesis, the tetraploid apple form 34-21-39 (4x) had a high percentage of visually normal viable pollen, as evidenced by the results of the analysis of ploidy of hybrid progeny involving this form as a pollinator. In the crossing combination Girlianda(2x) × 34-21-39(4x), 80,0 % of hybrid progeny turned out to be a triploid set of chromosomes. It is concluded that there is a possibility of using the tetraploid apple form 34-21-39 (4x) as a pollinator in the breeding programs using polyploids.
References
1. Gorbacheva, N.G. (2011). Evaluation of apple polyploids and distant cherry hybrids as initial forms in breeding (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Orel State Agrarian University, Orel, Russia. EDN: QHKJXT (In Russian).
2. Gorbacheva, N.G. (2019). Cytoembryological evaluation of tetraploid apple forms for breeding. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 6(1), 31-35. EDN: FEWGBU (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Gorbacheva, N.G., & Klimenko, Ì.À. (2019). Ñytological control of hybrid seedlings and origin genotypes of apple in breeding with polyploidy using. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 25-31. https://doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10103. EDN: SDZLPG (In Russian, English abstract)
4. Grevtsova, N.A. (1974). Comparative embryological study of some representatives of genera Malus Mill. è Pyrus L. (Bio. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Moscow. (In Russian).
5. Konstantinov, A.V. (1971). Meiosis. Minsk, BSU. (In Russian)
6. Krylova, V.V. (1981). Apple embryology. Kishinev: Shtiintsa (In Russian).
7. Radionenko, A.Ya. (1972). Meiosis during microsporogenesis and pollen development in triploid apple cultivars. Genetics, 8(4), 21-32. (In Russian)
8. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.À., & Serova, Z.Ì. (2008). Apple breeding at a polyploidy level. Orel, VNIISPK. EDN: YFLBBR (In Russian).
9. Sedov, E.N., Serova, Z.Ì., Yanchuk, Ò.V., & Korneeva, S.À. (2019). Triploid apple varieties of VNIISPK selection for the improvement of the assortment (popularization of breeding achievements). Orel, VNIISPK. EDN: ENMEHF (In Russian).
10. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.À., Makarkina, M.A., Levgerova, N.S., Serova, Z.M., Korneeva, S.A., Gorbacheva, N.G., Salina, E.S., Yanchuk, T.V., Pikunova, A.V., & Ozhereleva, Z.E. (2015). The innovations in apple genome modification opening new prospects in breeding. Orel, VNIISPK. EDN: XXPBED (In Russian, English abstract).
11. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.À., Serova, Z.Ì., & Yanchuk, Ò.V. (2020). New triploid apple cultivars immune to scab. Our agriculture, 1, 110-113. EDN: QPYKBZ (In Russian).
12. Sedov, E.N., Yanchuk, T.V., & Korneeva, S.À. (2020). Valuable donors of diploid gametes for triploid apple tree varieties creation. Bulletin of the Russian Agricultural Science, 3, 13-17. https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2020/3/13-17. EDN: PJMTPM (In Russian, English abstract).
13. Sedov, E.N., Yanchuk, Ò.V., & Korneeva, S.À. (2022). New diploid, triploid, immunal to scab and column-like apple tree varieties in assortment improvement. Bulletin of the Russian Agricultural Science, 1, 25-31. https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2022/1/25-31. EDN: LNMPZP (In Russian, English abstract)
14. Sedysheva, G.À. (2013). Peculiarities of meiotic division in triploid apple seedling 25-37-46. Contemporary horticulture, 2, 1-7. EDN: SEILRV (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Sedysheva, G.À. (2012). Comparative characteristics of microsporogenesis in two diploid apple varieties. In Adaptive potential and product quality of varieties and cultivar-rootstock combinations of fruit crops: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp.225-230). Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: YHARBZ (In Russian, English abstract).
16. Sedysheva, G.À., & Gorbacheva, N.G. (2007). The peculiarities of male gametophyte formation in new ploliploid apple selection. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 183-188. EDN: YHALHF (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Sedysheva, G.À., Gorbacheva, N.G., & Melnik, S.A. (2015). Cytoembryological evaluation of apple tetraploids for heterploid crosses. Bulletin of OSAU, 6, 55-60. EDN: VSKHNF (In Russian).
18. Sedysheva, G.À., & Gorbacheva, N.G. (2016). Microsporogenesis and development of the male gametophyte in the columnar form of the apple Orlovskaya Eseniya. Contemporary horticulture, 2, 77-81. EDN: WEFKWB (In Russian, English abstract).
19. Sedysheva, G.À., & Sedov, E.N. (1994). Polyploidy and apple tree breeding. Orel: VNIISPK (In Russian).
20. Sedysheva, G.À., & Solovieva, M.V. (1999). Cytological and embryological studies, morphogenesis features studies. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigathion of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 203-218). VNIISPK. EDN: YHAPNZ (In Russian).
21. Dar, J.A., Wani, A.A., & Dhar, M.K. (2015). Morphological, biochemical and male-meiotic characterization of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) germplasm of Kashmir Valley. Chromosome Botany, 10(2), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.3199/iscb.10
22. Liu, Z., Seiler, G.J., Gulya, T.J., Feng, J., Rashid, K.Y., Cai, X., & Jan, C.-C. (2017). Triploid Production from Interspecific Crosses of Two Diploid Perennial Helianthus with Diploid Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). G3 Genes/Genomes/Genetics, 7(4), 1097-1108. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.036327
23. Singh, R., & Wafai, B.A. (1984). Intravarietal polyploidy in the apple (Malus pumila Mill.) cultivar Hazratbali. Euphytica, 33, 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022767. EDN: XUJOZS
24. Singh, R., Wafai, B.A., & Koul, A.K. (1985). Assessment of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) germplasm in Kashmir. III. Cytology of Lal-farashi, Double-Kaseri, Hindwand-rakam, Kichhama-trail, Sabe-alif and Tursh-nawabi. Cytologia, 50(4), 811-823. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.50.811
25. Zakharova, V.A., Zakharov, M.V., & Khilko, V.T. (2013). Selection of apple-tree on poliploid levels. Faktori eksperimental’noi evolucii organizmiv, 13, 181-184.
22. Liu, Z., Seiler, G.J., Gulya, T.J., Feng, J., Rashid, K.Y., Cai, X., & Jan, C.-C. (2017). Triploid Production from Interspecific Crosses of Two Diploid Perennial Helianthus with Diploid Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). G3 Genes/Genomes/Genetics, 7(4), 1097-1108. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.036327
23. Singh, R., & Wafai, B.A. (1984). Intravarietal polyploidy in the apple (Malus pumila Mill.) cultivar Hazratbali. Euphytica, 33, 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022767. EDN: XUJOZS
24. Singh, R., Wafai, B.A., & Koul, A.K. (1985). Assessment of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) germplasm in Kashmir. III. Cytology of Lal-farashi, Double-Kaseri, Hindwand-rakam, Kichhama-trail, Sabe-alif and Tursh-nawabi. Cytologia, 50(4), 811-823. https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.50.811
25. Zakharova, V.A., Zakharov, M.V., & Khilko, V.T. (2013). Selection of apple-tree on poliploid levels. Faktori eksperimental’noi evolucii organizmiv, 13, 181-184.
Abstract
Fedotova, I.E., Ostrikova, O.V., & Harhardina, E.L. (2024). Studying the water-retaining ability of leaves and the degree of openness of plum stomata in the Central region of Russia in arid conditions. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 41-49. (In Russian, English abstract)
The article presents the results of studying the adaptive potential of some plum cultivars in relation to lack of moisture in the conditions of the Central region of Russia. The studies were carried out in the Orel region in the summer periods of 2021...2023 under natural drought conditions. The plants were grown in the collection orchard of stone fruit crops using cultivation technology generally accepted for the region. The objects of the research were plum varieties obtained from crossing Chinese-American varieties with domestic plum varieties: Eurasia 21, Skoroplodnaya, Orlovsky Souvenir, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Nezhenka; control - domestic plum Record. After completion of shoot growth, the water-holding capacity of the leaves of the studied varieties was determined by the wilting method (according to Nichiporovich), and the condition of the stomata was determined by the infiltration method. Statistical data processing was done according to Dospekhov. Features of the manifestation of physiological mechanisms of drought resistance depending on the genotype were revealed. The amount of water evaporated from the plum leaves after 90 minutes varied from 7.07 % (Skoroplodnaya) to 16.54 % (Eurasia 21). Based on the ability to retain water by leaf tissues (water-holding capacity), plum varieties were arranged in the following descending order: Record (control), Skoroplodnaya, Orlovsky Souvenir, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Nezhenka, Eurasia 21. Under natural drought conditions, the leaves of all tested varieties did not have wide open stomata. No varieties with all completely closed stomata were identified. Leaf stomata were characterized by an average degree of openness: from 3.33 points (Eurasia 21) to 5.0 points (Nezhenka, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Record). Based on the rate of reduction in the degree of openness of leaf stomata (after 30 minutes), plum varieties were arranged in the following descending order: Orlovsky Souvenir, Skoroplodnaya, Nezhenka, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Record (control), Eurasia 21. Based on a set of the best indicators of the manifestation of physiological reactions of resistance to drought, the following plum varieties stood out: Orlovsky Souvenir, Skoroplodnaya, Nezhenka. It is advisable to involve these varieties in subsequent synthetic breeding for drought resistance.
The article presents the results of studying the adaptive potential of some plum cultivars in relation to lack of moisture in the conditions of the Central region of Russia. The studies were carried out in the Orel region in the summer periods of 2021...2023 under natural drought conditions. The plants were grown in the collection orchard of stone fruit crops using cultivation technology generally accepted for the region. The objects of the research were plum varieties obtained from crossing Chinese-American varieties with domestic plum varieties: Eurasia 21, Skoroplodnaya, Orlovsky Souvenir, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Nezhenka; control - domestic plum Record. After completion of shoot growth, the water-holding capacity of the leaves of the studied varieties was determined by the wilting method (according to Nichiporovich), and the condition of the stomata was determined by the infiltration method. Statistical data processing was done according to Dospekhov. Features of the manifestation of physiological mechanisms of drought resistance depending on the genotype were revealed. The amount of water evaporated from the plum leaves after 90 minutes varied from 7.07 % (Skoroplodnaya) to 16.54 % (Eurasia 21). Based on the ability to retain water by leaf tissues (water-holding capacity), plum varieties were arranged in the following descending order: Record (control), Skoroplodnaya, Orlovsky Souvenir, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Nezhenka, Eurasia 21. Under natural drought conditions, the leaves of all tested varieties did not have wide open stomata. No varieties with all completely closed stomata were identified. Leaf stomata were characterized by an average degree of openness: from 3.33 points (Eurasia 21) to 5.0 points (Nezhenka, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Record). Based on the rate of reduction in the degree of openness of leaf stomata (after 30 minutes), plum varieties were arranged in the following descending order: Orlovsky Souvenir, Skoroplodnaya, Nezhenka, Krasa Orlovshchiny, Record (control), Eurasia 21. Based on a set of the best indicators of the manifestation of physiological reactions of resistance to drought, the following plum varieties stood out: Orlovsky Souvenir, Skoroplodnaya, Nezhenka. It is advisable to involve these varieties in subsequent synthetic breeding for drought resistance.
References
1. Albanov, N.S. (2023). Transpiration intensity in cherry plum forms and varieties introduced into the Chui valley of Kyrgyzstan. International journal of applied and fundamental research, 5, 5-10. https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=13535 (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Bashirova, V.R., & Feschenko, E.M. (2021). Agrobiological assessment of adaptive plum varieties in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 67, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2021-67-50-98. EDN: VQQQMZ (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Borzyh, N.V., Yushkov, A.N., & Bogdanov, R.E. (2023). An evaluation of drought resistance of varieties of common plum by the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction. Journal of Agriculture and Environment, 3. https://doi.org/10.23649/jae.2023.31.3.004. EDN: DCGOMH (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Goncharova, E.A., Magomedova, R.A., & Eremin, G.V. (1979). Water exchange peculiarities in plum and myrobalan plum varieties with different drought resistance in the period of yield formation. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding, 64, 52-71. EDN:YHKRGP (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Doroshenko, T.N., Zakharchuk, N.V., & Ryazanova, L.G. (2010). Adaptive potential of fruit plants in the south of Russia. Krasnodar. EDN: QCSJBX (In Russian).
6. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Method of field experiment. Moscow: Agropromizdat. EDN: ZJQBUD (In Russian).
7. Eprintsev, A.T., & Khozhainova, G.N. (2018). Small workshop on plant physiology. Voronezh: VSU. (In Russian).
8. Zaremuk, R. (2013). Adaptive assortment of plum for ecological stable production in the Krasnodar region. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 20, 1-7. URL: PXBJDD (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Ibragimov, K.Kh. (2014). Problems of development of gardening in Russia in a changing climate. Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture, 1, 105-106. EDN: SJTDGT (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Kolesnikova, A.F., Dzhigadlo, E.N., & Khabarov, Yu.I. (1995). Results of plum breeding over 40 years. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 180-185. Orel. (In Russian).
11. Kochubey, A.A., & Zaremuk, R.S. (2020). Study of drought tolerance of hybrid material of home plum in southern Russia. Agrarian science, 6, 94-98. https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-339-6-94-98. EDN: YPAVAT (In Russian, English abstract).
12. Satibalov, A.V. (2021). The influence of global warming on the regional climate and its consequences for fruit crops. Fruit growing and viticulture of the South of Russia, 69, 101-122. https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2021-3-69-101-122. EDN: DDYYMD (In Russian, English abstract).
13. Solonkin, A.V. (2018). Breeding strategy for cherries and plums to create varieties in the Lower Volga region, cultivated using modern technologies (Agri. Sci. Doc. Thesis). Volgograd. EDN: QUEHTA (In Russian).
14. Feskov, S.A. (2014). Evaluation of drought-resistant varieties of plum domestica. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 247-253. EDN: TBEFKF (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Jangra, M.S., & Sharma, J.P. (2013). Climate resilient apple production in Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 3(1), 91-98. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijfs&volume=3&issue=1&article=013&type=pdf
16. Paudel, I., Gerbi, H., Wagner, Y., Zisovich, A., Sapir, G., Brumfeld, V., & Klein, T. (2020). Drought tolerance of wild versus cultivated tree species of almond and plum in the field. Tree Physiology, 40(4), 454-466. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz134
17. Mishko, A., Sundyreva, M., Zaremuk, R., Mozhar, N., & Lutskiy, E. (2021). Effects of drought on the physiological parameters of fruit crops leaves. BIO Web of Conferences, 34, 01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213401009
18. Gerbi, H., Paudel, I., Zisovich, A., Sapir, G., Ben-Dor, Sh., & Klein, T. (2022). Physiological drought resistance mechanisms in wild species vs. rootstocks of almond and plum. Trees, 36, 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02238-0
19. Fang, Y., & Xiong, L. (2015). General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 72, 673-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1767-0
16. Paudel, I., Gerbi, H., Wagner, Y., Zisovich, A., Sapir, G., Brumfeld, V., & Klein, T. (2020). Drought tolerance of wild versus cultivated tree species of almond and plum in the field. Tree Physiology, 40(4), 454-466. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz134
17. Mishko, A., Sundyreva, M., Zaremuk, R., Mozhar, N., & Lutskiy, E. (2021). Effects of drought on the physiological parameters of fruit crops leaves. BIO Web of Conferences, 34, 01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213401009
18. Gerbi, H., Paudel, I., Zisovich, A., Sapir, G., Ben-Dor, Sh., & Klein, T. (2022). Physiological drought resistance mechanisms in wild species vs. rootstocks of almond and plum. Trees, 36, 669-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02238-0
19. Fang, Y., & Xiong, L. (2015). General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 72, 673-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1767-0
Abstract
Efremov, I.N., Gulyaeva, A.A., Berlova, T.N., & Galkova, A.A. (2024). Resistance of sour cherry varieties of the VNIISPK bioresource collection to fungal diseases. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 50-59. (In Russian, English abstract)
Features of the resistance of sour cherry varieties from the bioresource collection of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) to fungal diseases were studied in the period from 2018 to 2020. During the studies, the resistance of the genotypes to coccomycosis and moniliosis, two main diseases of sour cherries in the Orel region, was determined. 20 genotypes were studied, among which there were 14 varieties, as well as one elite and three selected forms of VNIISPK breeding, as well as two varieties of different genetic and ecological-geographical origin. The research was carried out on the basis of garden plantings of the department of breeding, variety study and varietal agricultural technology of stone fruit crops of the VNIISPK. Based on the results of the research, a certain degree of genotype dependence on diseases was revealed. Thus, the level of resistance to coccomycosis was higher than that of the control variant, as shown by the genotypes Podarok Uchitelyam, ELS 84847, Novella, ÎS 84735, Muza and Bystrinka. The varieties Ostheim Griotte and Umanskaya Skorospelka showed an insufficient degree of resistance to this disease. At the same time, Shokoladnitsa, Orlitsa, Vereya, Putinka, ÎS 84854, Podarok Uchitelyam, Novella, Rovesnitsa and Bystrinka proved to be resistant to moniliosis, as well as Prevoskhodnaya Venyaminova, which was not affected by moniliosis at all. Umanskaya Skorospelka and ÎS 84595 were the least resistant ones. The studies made it possible to identify a number of genotypes that were the most resistant to both diseases. They are Podarok Uchitelyam, Novella and Bystrinka, which can be used in breeding for complex resistance to fungal diseases of sour cherries.
Features of the resistance of sour cherry varieties from the bioresource collection of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) to fungal diseases were studied in the period from 2018 to 2020. During the studies, the resistance of the genotypes to coccomycosis and moniliosis, two main diseases of sour cherries in the Orel region, was determined. 20 genotypes were studied, among which there were 14 varieties, as well as one elite and three selected forms of VNIISPK breeding, as well as two varieties of different genetic and ecological-geographical origin. The research was carried out on the basis of garden plantings of the department of breeding, variety study and varietal agricultural technology of stone fruit crops of the VNIISPK. Based on the results of the research, a certain degree of genotype dependence on diseases was revealed. Thus, the level of resistance to coccomycosis was higher than that of the control variant, as shown by the genotypes Podarok Uchitelyam, ELS 84847, Novella, ÎS 84735, Muza and Bystrinka. The varieties Ostheim Griotte and Umanskaya Skorospelka showed an insufficient degree of resistance to this disease. At the same time, Shokoladnitsa, Orlitsa, Vereya, Putinka, ÎS 84854, Podarok Uchitelyam, Novella, Rovesnitsa and Bystrinka proved to be resistant to moniliosis, as well as Prevoskhodnaya Venyaminova, which was not affected by moniliosis at all. Umanskaya Skorospelka and ÎS 84595 were the least resistant ones. The studies made it possible to identify a number of genotypes that were the most resistant to both diseases. They are Podarok Uchitelyam, Novella and Bystrinka, which can be used in breeding for complex resistance to fungal diseases of sour cherries.
References
1. Amelin, A.V., & Petrova, S.N. (2006). Features of climate change in the Oryol region over the past 100 years and their impact on the development of crop production in the region. Vestnik OrelGAU, 2-3, 75-78. EDN: VTQKAX (In Russian).
2. Galkova, A.A., Gulyaeva, A.A., Berlova, T.N., Bezlepkina, E.V., & Efremov, I.N. (2021). Districted cultivars of apricot by RRIFCB breeding. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 8(1-2), 20-22. https://doi.org/10.24411/2500-0454-2021-10106. EDN: MIQMDU (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Gorbacheva, N.G., Dzhigadlo, E.N., & Sedysheva, G.A. (2013). Possibilities of using donors of resistance to coccomyces in cherry breeding. Scientific and methodological electronic journal Concept, 3, 96-100. EDN: RIFDGF (In Russian).
5. Dzhigadlo, E.N., Kolesnikova, A.F., Eremin, G.V., Morozova, T.V., Debiskaeva, S.Y., Kanshina, M.V., Kanshina, M.V., Medvedeva, N.I., & Simagin, V.S. (1999). Stone fruit crops. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 300-350). Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: YHAQHP (In Russian).
6. Dzhigadlo, E.N. (2009). Improving selection methods, creating varieties of cherries and sweet cherries, their rootstocks with environmental adaptation to the conditions of the Central region of Russia. Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: XZRAEF (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Dzhigadlo, E.N. (2011). Cherries that don’t get sick. Gardens of Russia, 3, 14-17. (In Russian).
9. Egorov, E.A. (2012). Tendencies and priorities of sort-varieties breeding of horticultural crops and grapes in the south of Russia // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 18, 21-23. EDN: PEVOMX (In Russian, English abstract).
10. Zaremuk, R.Sh., & Govorushchenko, S.A. (2010). Resistant varieties are the basis for creating adaptive cherry plantings in the Krasnodar region. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 24(2), 311-317. EDN: LLLSLV (In Russian).
11. Kopnina, T.A. (2022). Promising varieties and hybrid forms of sour cherry. Scientific Works of NCFSCHVW, 35, 30-33. https://doi.org/10.30679/2587-9847-2022-35-30-33. EDN: NPFLJD (In Russian, English abstract).
12. Kruglova, E.A. (2017). Diseases of fruits and vegetables. In Student science to the agro-industrial complex: scientific works (pp. 271-274). Vladikavkaz: GSAU. EDN: ZTZKOL (In Russian).
13. Kuznetsova, A.P., & Lenivtseva, M.S. (2021). Selection of varieties of stone fruit crops (genus Prunus L.), resistant to leaf spot. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 69, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2021-3-69-44-53. EDN: BEWRZG (In Russian, English abstract).
14. Lazarev, A.I. (2011). Cherry leaf spot. Plant protection and quarantine, 5, 64. EDN: NQXXEZ (In Russian, English abstract).
15. Levgerova, N.S., & Dzhigadlo, E.N. (2000). The use of cherry-cherry hybrids for processed products with increased food safety. In Problems and prospects for remote hybridization of fruit and berry crops: abstracts of reports and messages (pp. 64-65). Michurinsk: ARRIG&BFP. (In Russian).
16. Lenivtseva, M.S., Radchenko, E.E., & Kuznetsova, A.P. (2017). Genetic diversity of stone fruit varieties (genus Prunus L.) resistant to leaf spot. Agricultural biology, 52(5), 895-904. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.5.895rus. EDN: ZRXNXX (In Russian, English abstract).
17. Mishchenko, I.G. (2014). Tendencies of spreading of diseases of fruit stone cultures under climatic conditions of Krasnodar region. Fruit growing and viticulture of the South of Russia, 29, 76-87. EDN: SMGFRV (In Russian, English abstract).
18. Nasonova, G.V. (2017). Problem of combating brown rot on cherry and its solution. Contemporary horticulture, 3, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00018. EDN: OTYINV (In Russian, English abstract).
19. Nikiforova, G.G., & Chmir, R.A. (2000). The use of distant hybridization to obtain forms of cherry that are highly resistant to coccomycosis. In Problems and prospects for remote hybridization of fruit and berry crops: abstracts of reports and messages (pp. 38-40). Michurinsk: ARRIG&BFP. (In Russian).
20. Pleskatsevich, R.I., & Berlinchik, E.E. (2010). Protection of cherries from diseases in the conditions of Belarus. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 24(2), 215-220. EDN: MSNABZ (In Russian, English abstract).
21. Sevastyanova, L.A. (1980). Indicators of winter hardiness of cherries in Tatarstan and their use in breeding work. In Breeding, variety study and agricultural technology of fruit and berry crops (pp. 34-41). Ufa: Bashkir NIISH. (In Russian).
22. Taranov, A.A., & Vyshinskaya, M.E. (2012). Formation of a characteristic collection of cherry samples for resistance to coccomycosis and monilial blight. Agriculture and plant protection, 4, 65-67. EDN: JMWISI (In Russian).
23. Tikhonov, A.G., & Kashirskaya, N.Ya. (2014). Assessment of the resistance of cherry varieties to coccomycosis is the basis of a modern differentiated approach to the cherry orchard protection system. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 38(2), 151-157. EDN: RRTIWB (In Russian).
24. Leiss, K.A., Young, C.H., Verpoorte, R., & Klinkhamer, P. (2011). An Overview of NMR-Based Metabolomics to Identify Secondary Plant Compounds Involved in Host Plant Resistance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 10, 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-010-9175-z
NURSERY AND HORTICULTURE
Abstract
Kushner, A.V., & Kuzin, A.I. (2024). Seasonal changes of potassium content in soil and apple leaves due to crop load. Contemporary horticulture, 1, 60-71. (In Russian, English abstract)
Optimal potassium supply is a necessary condition for good yields. The need for apple trees in potassium is not the same during the growing season. Our research was aimed to study the seasonal changes of the leaf potassium contents, even considering the crop load. The studies were conducted within 3 years (2020…2022) in the Tambov region, in the high-density apple orchard with the Ligol cultivar, grafted on the rootstock B396. Plant pattern was 4.5 × 1.2 m (1852 trees/ha). The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied with a same rate in experimental treatments. Based on this, we studied the effect of various potassium rates on the seasonal changes of the soil and potassium contents, and yield. The content of soil exchangeable potassium during the season decreased in the period of fruit development, especially in the treatments with high yields (in 2020: N20P6K26 from 133.4 to 115.5 mg/kg soil, in 2021: N20P6K30 from 138.5 to 122.1 mg/kg soil). The leaf potassium contents significantly decreased during the fruit development depending on crop load. In the second year of study, when the maximum rate of potassium K30 was applied, the leaf nutrient contents in the N20P6K30 treatments were lower (13.08.21 – 1.16 % dry matter). In 2021, in the N20P6K30 treatment, the yield was 13.4 t/ha, which was significantly higher than in the N20P6K26 (11.3 t/ha), however, in 2022, the maximum yield was noted in the N20P6K26 treatment (16.8 t/ha). To manage the optimal level of potassium content in the soil root layer and in the leaves, it is necessary to develop a fertigation program based both on soil and plant tests and the current crop load.
Optimal potassium supply is a necessary condition for good yields. The need for apple trees in potassium is not the same during the growing season. Our research was aimed to study the seasonal changes of the leaf potassium contents, even considering the crop load. The studies were conducted within 3 years (2020…2022) in the Tambov region, in the high-density apple orchard with the Ligol cultivar, grafted on the rootstock B396. Plant pattern was 4.5 × 1.2 m (1852 trees/ha). The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied with a same rate in experimental treatments. Based on this, we studied the effect of various potassium rates on the seasonal changes of the soil and potassium contents, and yield. The content of soil exchangeable potassium during the season decreased in the period of fruit development, especially in the treatments with high yields (in 2020: N20P6K26 from 133.4 to 115.5 mg/kg soil, in 2021: N20P6K30 from 138.5 to 122.1 mg/kg soil). The leaf potassium contents significantly decreased during the fruit development depending on crop load. In the second year of study, when the maximum rate of potassium K30 was applied, the leaf nutrient contents in the N20P6K30 treatments were lower (13.08.21 – 1.16 % dry matter). In 2021, in the N20P6K30 treatment, the yield was 13.4 t/ha, which was significantly higher than in the N20P6K26 (11.3 t/ha), however, in 2022, the maximum yield was noted in the N20P6K26 treatment (16.8 t/ha). To manage the optimal level of potassium content in the soil root layer and in the leaves, it is necessary to develop a fertigation program based both on soil and plant tests and the current crop load.
References
1. Asaeva, T.D., Gazdanov, A.V., & Dzanagov, S.Kh. (2019). The nutritional regime of leached chernozem under the apple cv. Idared, depending on fertilizers. In: Development prospects for the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions: proc. sci. conf. (pp. 6-11). Vladikavkaz: Gorsk State Agrarian University. EDN: DAQNMY (In Russian)
2. Dospekhov, B.A. (1985). Method of field experiment. Moscow: Agropromizdat. EDN: ZJQBUD (In Russian).
3. Kondakov, A.K. (2006). Fertilization of fruit trees, berries, nurseries and flower crops. Michurinsk. (In Russian).
4. Kuzin, A.I. (2004). About the problem of leaf diagnostics of mineral nutrition of apple seedlings on weak vigor rootstocks. The Bulletin of Michurinsk state agrarian university, 1-2, 117-121. EDN: WRWIGU (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kuzin, A.I. (2018). Apple fertilizing system optimization in CChR (Agri. Sci. Doc. Thesis). Michurinsk state agrarian university. EDN: POVOKB (In Russian).
6. Kuzin, A.I., & Trunov, Yu.V. (2016). Specific features of soil-leafy diagnostics for potassium nutrition of apple tree. Vestnik of the russian agricultural science, 1, 16-17. EDN: VZSWCB (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Leonicheva, E.V., Roeva, T.A., Leonteva, L.I., & Stolyarov, M.E. (2019). Potassium dynamics in the “apple fruit - leaves - shoots” system at foliage spraying application. Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 9, 39-46. EDN: IQKGGV (In Russian, English abstract).
8. Lukin, S.V., Vasenev, I.I., & Tsygutkin, A.S. (2010) Agroecological evaluation of exchangeable potassium long-term dynamics in Chernozems at the Western part of Central chernozemic region of Russia. Achievments of science and technology in agro-industrial complex, 8, 42-46. EDN: MUPIJP (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Mineev, V.G., Sychev, V.G., Ameljanchik, O.A., Bolysheva, T.N., Gomonova, N.F., Durynina, E.P., Egorov, B.C., Egorova, E.V., Edemskaja, N.L., Karpova, E.A., & Prizhukova, V.G. (2001). Agrochemical practicum. Moscow: MSU. EDN: SDGGCT (In Russian).
10. Sergeeva, N.N., Savin, I.Yu., Trunov, Yu.V., Dragavceva, I.A., & Morenec, A.S. (2018). The long-term dynamics of chernozems agro-chemical properties under apple orchards. Dokuchaev soil bulletin, 93, 21-39. https://doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2018-93-21-39. EDN: XWPLRZ (In Russian, English abstract).
11. Fomenko, T.G. Popova, V.P., Chernikov, E.A., Drygina, A.I., Lebedovskij, I.A., Uzlovatyj, D.V., & Mjazina, A.N. (2021). Migration of biogenic elements in Ñhernozem typical of fruit orchards fertigation. Agrohimia, 3, 60-70. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002188121040050. EDN: VZEGLZ (In Russian, English abstract).
12. Tserling, V.V. (1990). Diagnostics of agricultural crop nutrition. Moscow: Agropromizdat. EDN: YYCQAO (In Russian).
13. Cheng, L. (2013). Optimizing Nitrogen and Potassium Management to Foster Apple Tree Growth and Cropping Without Getting ‘Burned’. Fruit quarterly, 21, 21-24. http://nyshs.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/4.Optimizing-Nitrogen-and-Potassium-Management-to-Foster-Apple-Tree-Growth-and-Cropping-Without-Getting-Burned.pdf
14. Hou, W., Trankner, M., Lu, J., Yan, J., Huang, S., Ren, T., Cong, R., & Li, X. (2019). Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on photosynthesis and photosynthetic nitrogen allocation of rice leaves. BMC Plant Biology, 19, 302. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1894-8
15. Kuchenbuch, R., Claassen, N., & Jungk, A. (1986). Potassium availability in relation to soil moisture. Plant and Soil, 95, 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375074
16. Kuzin, A.I., Kashirskaya, N.Y., Kochkina, A.M., & Kushner, A.V. (2020). Correction of potassium fertigation rate of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Central Russia during the growing season. Plants, 9(10), 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101366
17. Kuzin, A., & Solovchenko, A. (2021). Essential role of potassium in apple and its implications for management of orchard fertilization. Plants, 10(12), 2624. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122624
18. Leonteva, L. (2021). Influence of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and productivity of columnar apple. BIO Web of Conferences, 36, 03011. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213603011
19. Nachtigall, G.R., & Dechen, A.R. (2006). Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees. Scientia Agricola, 63(5), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000500012
20. Nieves-Cordones, M., Al Shiblawi, F.R., & Sentenac, H. (2016). Roles and Transport of Sodium and Potassium in Plants. In Sigel, A., Sigel, H., & Sigel, R. (Eds), The Alkali Metal Ions: Their Role for Life. Metal Ions in Life Sciences (Vol. 16, pp 291-324). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_9
21. Roeva, T., Leonicheva, E., Leonteva, L., & Stolyarov, M. (2022). Potassium dynamics in orchard soil and potassium status of sour cherry affected by soil nutritional conditions. Central European Agriculture, 23(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/23.1.3313
22. Sadowski, A., Kepka, M., Lenz, F., & Engel, G. (1995). Effect of fruit load on leaf nutrient content of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae, 383, 67-72. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.383.7
23. Szewczuk, A., Komosa, A., & Gudarowska, E. (2008). Effect of soil potassium levels and different potassium fertilizer forms on yield and storability of ‘Golden delicious’ apples. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 7(2), 53-59. https://czasopisma.up.lublin.pl/index.php/asphc/article/view/3690/2504
16. Kuzin, A.I., Kashirskaya, N.Y., Kochkina, A.M., & Kushner, A.V. (2020). Correction of potassium fertigation rate of apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Central Russia during the growing season. Plants, 9(10), 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101366
17. Kuzin, A., & Solovchenko, A. (2021). Essential role of potassium in apple and its implications for management of orchard fertilization. Plants, 10(12), 2624. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122624
18. Leonteva, L. (2021). Influence of mineral fertilizers on potash nutrition and productivity of columnar apple. BIO Web of Conferences, 36, 03011. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213603011
19. Nachtigall, G.R., & Dechen, A.R. (2006). Seasonality of nutrients in leaves and fruits of apple trees. Scientia Agricola, 63(5), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000500012
20. Nieves-Cordones, M., Al Shiblawi, F.R., & Sentenac, H. (2016). Roles and Transport of Sodium and Potassium in Plants. In Sigel, A., Sigel, H., & Sigel, R. (Eds), The Alkali Metal Ions: Their Role for Life. Metal Ions in Life Sciences (Vol. 16, pp 291-324). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_9
21. Roeva, T., Leonicheva, E., Leonteva, L., & Stolyarov, M. (2022). Potassium dynamics in orchard soil and potassium status of sour cherry affected by soil nutritional conditions. Central European Agriculture, 23(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/23.1.3313
22. Sadowski, A., Kepka, M., Lenz, F., & Engel, G. (1995). Effect of fruit load on leaf nutrient content of apple trees. Acta Horticulturae, 383, 67-72. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.383.7
23. Szewczuk, A., Komosa, A., & Gudarowska, E. (2008). Effect of soil potassium levels and different potassium fertilizer forms on yield and storability of ‘Golden delicious’ apples. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 7(2), 53-59. https://czasopisma.up.lublin.pl/index.php/asphc/article/view/3690/2504