Биологическая роль микроРНК-146a при вирусных инфекциях. Современная стратегия поиска новых безопасных фармакологических средств лечения

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Аннотация

Клеточные микроРНК (miRNA) были идентифицированы как ключевые игроки в посттранскрипционной регуляции клеточных генов. Кроме того, oни также являются важным регулятором иммунного ответа. В частности, микроРНК-146a действует как важный модулятор функции и дифференцировки клеток врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета. Она связана с различными болезнями, включая рак и вирусные инфекции. Учитывая ее значение в регуляции ключевых клеточных процессов, показано, что вирусы в процессе эволюции нашли пути к нарушению регуляции микроРНК. МикроРНК-146a была идентифицирована в экзосомах (exosomal miR-146a). После высвобождения экзосом из донорских клеток они поглощаются клеткой-реципиентом, и, вероятно, экзосомальные микроРНК-146a способны модулировать противовирусный ответ в клетке-реципиенте, в результате делает эти клетки более восприимчивыми к вирусной инфекции. В этой обзорной статье мы обсуждаем современные данные об уровнях экспрессии микроРНК-146a, генах-мишенях, функциях и роли микроРНК в патогенезе вирусных инфекций, а также перспективы по разработке новых профилактических и терапевтических стратегий для лечения пациентов с вирусными заболеваниями, включая СOVID-19.

Об авторах

Петр Дмитриевич Шабанов

Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: pdshabanov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1464-1127
SPIN-код: 8974-7477

доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 6

Владимир Иванович Ващенко

Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова

Email: vaschenko@yandex.ru

доктор биологических наук

Россия, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 6

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