Email this article The evaluation of the physical characteristics of young football players
- Authors: Turusheva A.V.1, Gora D.A.1, Rasmagina I.A.1, Vlaskina K.O.1, Berezovskaya V.A.1, Partnova N.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
- Issue: Vol 22, No 1 (2018)
- Pages: 23-31
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/RFD/article/view/8762
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/RFD2018123-31
- ID: 8762
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Introduction. Regular physical activity impacts on growth, development and health of children and adolescents. This study has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the physical characteristics of adolescents, who play football using the regional and WHO normative data.
Methods. Сomplete sample of 64 adolescents borned in 2002–2005 from the football sport school were assessed. Main study parameters: height, body mass, BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass fat free mass and water. Comparison analysis was performed using the regional and WHO normative data.
Results. Participants of the present study was higher and heavier, but had a low level of body fat compared with the regional normative data for adolescents of this age. Depending on the method used, adolescents were defined to different centile groups for height, weight, BMI and fat mass. The agreement between regional and WHO data for height was poor with, a kappa coefficient of 0.17 for 12 years group, for 13 years — 0.56, for 14 years — 0.75, for 15 years and older — 0.90–100% of participants were overweight or BMI above normal range according to the regional or WHO normative data. At the same time, 30% of 13-year-olds, 50% of 14-year-olds and 100% of 15-year-olds and older had a deficit of fat mass according to the regional normative data. Using the normative data of fat mass for young athletes, a deficit of fat mass was discovered in 5% of 12-year-olds, in 47% of 13-year-olds and in 10% of 15-year-olds and older.
Conclusion. Playing football contribute to changing the proportions of the body, reducing fat and increasing muscle mass in the body of adolescents. Therefore, to assess the physical development of adolescents involved in sports, it is necessary to evaluate not only height, weight and BMI, but also fat and muscle mass. Using of general population normal ranges for assessing the physical development of this group of adolescents can lead to hypo- and overdiagnosis of overweigth and malnutrition.
Keywords
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Anna V. Turusheva
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Author for correspondence.
Email: anna.turusheva@gmail.com
Associate Professor of the Department of Family Medicine
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgDmitry A. Gora
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: anna.turusheva@gmail.com
student
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, RussiaIrina A. Rasmagina
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: anna.turusheva@gmail.com
student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgKristina O. Vlaskina
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: anna.turusheva@gmail.com
student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgVitalina A. Berezovskaya
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: anna.turusheva@gmail.com
student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgNina V. Partnova
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: anna.turusheva@gmail.com
student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
- Физическое развитие детей и подростков Российской Федерации. Сборник материалов. Выпуск VI / Под ред. А.А. Баранова, В.Р. Кучмы. – М.: ПедиатрЪ, 2013. [Physical development of children and adolescents of the Russian Federation. Collection of materials. Issue VI. Ed by A.A. Baranov, V.R. Kuchma. Moscow: Pediatr; 2013. (In Russ.)]
- Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Нормы роста детей, разработанные ВОЗ. Справочно-информационная записка 2 [интернет]. [доступ от 18.03.2018]. Доступ по ссылке http://www.who.int/nutrition/media_page/backgrounders_2_rus.pdf. [World Health Organization. Child Growth Standards. Backgrounder 2 [Internet]. [cited 2018 Mar 18]. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/media_page/backgrounders_2_rus.pdf. (In Russ.)]
- Васильева Е.И. Физическое развитие детей: учебно-методическое пособие для иностранных студентов. – Иркутск: ИГМУ, 2013. [Vasil’eva EI. Physical development of children: a teaching aid for international students. Irkutsk: IGMU; 2013. (In Russ.)]
- Malina RM, Morano PJ, Barron M, et al. Growth Status and Estimated Growth Rate of Youth Football Players. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(3):125-132. doi: 10.1097/01.jsm.0000164287.42066.63.
- Nikolaidis PT, Vassilios Karydis N. Physique and body composition in soccer players across adolescence. Asian J Sports Med. 2011;2(2):75-82.
- World Health Organization. BMI-for-age BOYS [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2018 Mar 18]. Available from: http://www.who.int/growthref/bmifa_boys_5_19years_per.pdf.
- World Health Organization. Height-for-age BOYS [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2018 Mar 18]. Available from: http://www.who.int/growthref/hfa_boys_5_19years_per.pdf.
- McCarthy HD, Cole TJ, Fry T, et al. Body fat reference curves for children. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30(4):598-602. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803232.
- Kalnina L, Sauka M, Timpka T, et al. Body fat in children and adolescents participating in organized sports: Descriptive epidemiological study of 6048 Latvian athletes. Scand J Public Health. 2015;43(6):615-622. doi: 10.1177/1403494815581696.
- Футбол: Учебник для институтов физической культуры / Под ред. М.С. Полишкиса, В.А. Выжгина. – М.: Физкультура, образование и наука, 1999. [Football: A Textbook for Institutes of Physical Culture. Ed by M.S. Polishkis, V.A. Vyzhgin. Moscow: Fizkul’tura, obrazovanie i nauka; 1999. (In Russ.)]
- Bailey DA, Wedge JH, McCulloch RG, et al. Epidemiology of fractures of the distal end of the radius in children as associated with growth. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71(8):1225-1231.
- Alexander CJ. Effect of growth rate on the strength of the growth plate-shaft junction. Skeletal Radiol. 1976;1(2):67-76. doi: 10.1007/bf00347411.
- Speer DP, Braun JK. The Biomechanical Basis of Growth Plate Injuries. Phys Sportsmed. 1985;13(7):72-78. doi: 10.1080/00913847.1985.11708833.
- Aldridge MJ. Overuse injuries of the distal radial growth epiphysis. In: Diagnostics, treatment and analysis of gymnastic talent. Ed by B.T. Hoshizaki, J.H. Salmela, B. Petiots. Montreal: Sports Psyche Editions; 1987. P. 25-30.
- Peterson CA, Peterson HA. Analysis of the incidence of injuries to the epiphyseal growth plate. J Trauma. 1972;12(4):275-281.
- Benton JW. Epiphyseal Fracture in Sports. Phys Sportsmed. 1982;10(11):62-71. doi: 10.1080/00913847.1982.11947368.
- Ogden JA. Skeletal injury in the child. New York: Springer; 2000.
- Peterson HA, Madhok R, Benson JT, et al. Physeal fractures: Part 1. Epidemiology in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979-1988. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14(4):423-430.
- Richmond SA, Kang J, Emery CA. Is body mass index a risk factor for sport injury in adolescents? J Sci Med Sport. 2013;16(5):401-405. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.898.
- Brust JD. Children’s Ice Hockey Injuries. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1992;146(6):741. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160180101026.
- Stuart MJ, Morrey MA, Smith AM, et al. Injuries in Youth Football: A Prospective Observational Cohort Analysis Among Players Aged 9 to 13 Years. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77(4):317-322. doi: 10.4065/77.4.317.
- Goldberg B, Rosenthal PP, Robertson LS, Nicholas JA. Injuries in youth football. Pediatrics. 1988;81(2):255-261.
- Caine D, Maffulli N, Caine C. Epidemiology of injury in child and adolescent sports: injury rates, risk factors, and prevention. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27(1):19-50,vii. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2007.10.008.
- Yard E, Comstock D. Injury Patterns by Body Mass Index in US High School Athletes. J Phys Act Health. 2011;8(2):182-191. doi: 10.1123/jpah.8.2.182.
- Almăjan-Guţă B, Rusu A-M, Nagel A, Avram C. Injury frequency and body composition of elite Romanian rugby players. Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal. 2015;8(15). doi: 10.1515/tperj-2015-0011.
- Pennington С, Holmes С, Cicone Z, et al. Relationship between body composition and performance variables in youth soccer players. National Strength and Conditioning Association National Conference, 2017. Las Vegas, NV; 2017. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26092.46728.
- Milanese C, Cavedon V, Corradini G, et al. Seasonal DXA-measured body composition changes in professional male soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(12):1219-1228. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1022573.
- Slimani M, Nikolaidis PT. Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of male Soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and age group: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07950-6.
- Кульба С.Н., Войнов В.Б., Пожарская Е.Н., и др. Особенности индекса массы тела у школьников Ростовской области // Валеология. – 2014. – № 4. – С. 62–69. [Kul’ba SN, Voynov VB, Pozharskaya EN, et al. Features body mass index in schoolchildren of Rostov region. Scientific and Practical Journal of Health and Life Sciences. 2014;(4):62-69. (In Russ.)]
- Кузмичев Ю.Г., Богомолова Е.С., Калюжный Е.А., и др. Информативность региональных и международных стандартов оценки длины и массы тела детей и подростков // Медицинский альманах. – 2015. – № 2. – С. 83–86. [Kuzmichev YG, Bogomolova ES, Kalyuzhnyy EA, et al. Informational content of regional and international standards of evaluation of length and body mass of children and teenagers. Meditsinskiy al’manakh. 2015;(2):83-86. (In Russ.)]
Supplementary files
