Analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer in 2015 and 2022

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of colorectal cancer remains an urgent problem. In the surgical treatment of patients with colorectal cancer, reducing the incidence of anastomotic leakage, the length of hospital stay and improving the prognosis of the disease are of great importance.

AIM: To compare the results of treatment of patients with colorectal cancer before and after the introduction into clinical practice of optimisation methods adopted in the clinics of the Department of Hospital Surgery named after V.A. Oppel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of treatment outcomes in 101 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in the Clinic of Hospital Surgery named after. V.A. Oppel, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov in 2015 and 2022. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: in 2022 the study included 57 patients, who made up group A; in 2015, the clinic treated 44 patients, who were included in group B. The largest number of patients in both groups had stage II of the disease: in group A — 31 patients (54%), in group B — 19 patients (43%).

RESULTS: The average length of hospital stay was 12.16 days in 2022, in 2015 — 15.95 days in the patients with uncomplicated postoperative period; with the development of postoperative complications, the hospital stay reached 31 days. The share of laparoscopic surgery in 2015 was 47.7%. In 2022 it was 74.1%. In 2022, 8 patients were diagnosed with complications in the early postoperative period (complication rate — 14.0%). In 2015, complications were identified in 10 people (complication rate was 22.7%). Thus, the tactics we used in the surgical phase of the complex treatment of colorectal cancer patients made it possible to reduce the incidence of early postoperative complications (anastomotic leakage). In group B, 6 (85.7%) patients who developed this complication required repeated surgery. In group A, only 4 (50%) patients required repeated surgical treatment, two of them required minimally invasive interventions.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the following study show that optimisation of the perioperative management of patients, prevention of postoperative complications, individualisation of the treatment approach can reduce the length of hospital stay.