Science Theory and Practice on-line journal «Contemporary horticulture»

Since 2024, the journal has been published on the National Platform of Periodical Scientific Publications of the Russian Center for Scientific Research https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-6701/index

Current issue

2023 №4

GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES

Dolzhikova М.А., Pikunova А.V., Pavlenko А.А., Golyaeva О.D.

DNA certification of foreign red currant cultivars of the VNIISPK bioresource collection using SSR markers

Abstract

Dolzhikova, М.А., Pikunova, А.V., Pavlenko, А.А., & Golyaeva, О.D. (2023). DNA certification of foreign red currant cultivars of the VNIISPK bioresource collection using SSR markers. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 1-11. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0401

Red currant is an important berry crop, which is valuable for its vitamin composition and unpretentiousness in agricultural technology. Its popularity is gaining strength in the age of the development of the trend of healthy vitaminized human nutrition. Molecular genetic methods are actively used as a significant addition to the classical approaches to the study of plant resources, in particular, for the most accurate identification of cultivars. DNA certification is a method of correct identification of the object under study by short genetic markers in DNA. According to research in Russia and abroad, microsatellite markers are the most common and effective for certification purposes (SSR). This type of markers is characterized by significant allelic variability, codominance, and distribution throughout the genome. In this study, genotyping of foreign red currant cultivars of the RRIFCB bioresource collection was carried out using microsatellite DNA markers. The following red currant cultivars were involved in the analysis: Batishchevskaya, Belaya Krupnaya, Blanka, Boulogne Blanche, White cherry, Viksne, Warner`s Grape, Heros, Weisse Hollandische, Rote Hollandische, Gondouin, Darnica, North Star, Jonkheer van Tets, Cascad, Red Cross, Losan, Margaritar, Nenaglyadnaya, Transparent Blanche, Purpurnaya, Rovada, Rondom, Svetlica, Svyatomihajlovskaya, White grape, Charodejka. A total of 14 microsatellite markers were analyzed: g1-K04, g1-M07, e1-O01, Cra-489, Cra-531, e3-B02, g2-L17, g2-G12, g2-H21, e1-O21, g1-A01, g2-J08, g1-L12, gr2-J05. The markers were combined into multiplex sets: optimal combinations of SSR markers made it possible to analyze several loci simultaneously and obtain well-interpreted results in the fragmentary analysis of PCR products. According to the results of microsatellite profiling, the studied varieties showed variety-specific combinations of alleles. Thus, as a result of the analysis, identification formulas of genotypes – genetic passports – were developed for 25 varieties of red currant at 14 microsatellite loci.

References

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4. Dolzhikova, M.A., Pavlenko, A.A., Pikunova, A.V., & Golyaeva, O.D. (2021). Study of polymorphism of microsatellite loci of red currant varieties Ribes rubrum. Vestnik of the russian agricultural science, 4, 20-23. https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2021/4/20-23. EDN: IGZZAT. (In Russian, English abstract).

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Lyzhin A.S., Lukyanchuk I.V.

The use of DNA markers in strawberry breeding for pathogen resistance

Abstract

Lyzhin, A.S., & Lukyanchuk, I.V. (2023). The use of DNA markers in strawberry breeding for pathogen resistance. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 12-22. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0402

The article presents the results of using diagnostic DNA markers to identify resistance loci to Sphaerotheca macularis, Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae in 29 genotypes of the genus Fragaria L. Marker IB535110 (08 To-f powdery mildew resistance locus) was found in wild species F. orientalis, F. moschata, cultivars and selected forms of strawberry (F. × ananassa): Bylinnaya, Studencheskaya, Sudarushka, Troubadour, Red Gauntlet, Korona, Polka, 69-29 (Feyyerverk × Bylinnaya) and 72-71 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya). Marker STS-Rca2_240 (Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene) was found in strawberry cultivars Sudarushka, Elianny and Troubadour, and selected form of interspecific origin 933-4 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala × Rubinovyy kulon). Marker SCAR-R1A (red stele root rot resistance gene Rpf1) is present in the wild species F. virginiana subsp. platypetala and cultivars and selected forms of strawberry Bylinnaya, 69-29 (Feyyerverk × Bylinnaya), 72-24 and 72-71 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya). Strawberry cultivars Sudarushka and Troubadour are characterized by a combination of 08 To-f and Rca2 loci, Bylinnaya, 69-29 (Feyyerverk × Bylinnaya) and 72-71 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya) are characterized by the combination of 08 To-f and Rpf1 loci. The indicated genotypes are promising initial forms in strawberry breeding for resistance to fungal pathogens.

References

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Makarkina М.А., Sedov Е.N., Vetrova O.A.

Evaluation and selection of apple cultivars for breeding for higher content of phenol compounds in fruit

Abstract

Makarkina, М.А., Sedov, Е.N., & Vetrova, O.A. (2023). Evaluation and selection of apple cultivars for breeding for higher content of phenol compounds in fruit. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 23-35. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0403

The creation of new apple cultivars with improved chemical composition of fruits is one of the priorities of the breeding program of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. Phenolic compounds are the most important indicator that determines the antioxidant activity of apples. This article presents the long-term studies of 75 apple cultivars according to the content of P-active catechins in fruits and the total number of phenolic compounds. Genotypes of different maturation periods, of different origin, immune (Rvi6) and resistant (Rvi5) to scab, having a diploid (2x) and triplet (3x) set of chromosomes, strong-grown and of intensive type (Co gene), have been identified as sources of the studied traits. The highest indicator of catechin content in fruits (185.9±18.8 mg/100 g) was noted in the group of cultivars of the autumn ripening period, the best of them are Sokovinka, Slavyanin, Pamyat Isaeva, Zaryanka and Orlovsky Pioner, developed from crossing Antonovka Krasnobochka × SR0523 (159,0—288,0 mg/100 g). From the cultivars of the summer ripening period the following cultivars have been distinguished: Zhelannoye, Orlovim, Rannye Aloye and Yubilyar (152,0—170,0 mg/100 g); from the cultivars of the winter ripening period – Kurnakovskoye, Olimpiyskoye, Poeziya, Svezhest, Bezhin Lug, Kulikovskoye, Start, Zdorovie, Academic Saveliev, Prazdnichnoye, Orlovskaya Zarya, Pamyati Blynskogo, Vita, Mars, Imrus, Pamyat Semakinu, Chistotel, Kandil Orlovsky and Utrenya Zvezda, (161,2—353,5 mg/100 g). The following cultivars were selected and analyzed in more detail as sources of the total amount of phenolic compounds (more than 400.0 mg/100 g): with Rvi6 gene – Start, Zaryanka, Ivanovskoye, Imrus, Orlovskoye Polesie, Zdorovye, Bolotovskoye, Pamyati Hitrovo, Candil Orlovsky; with Rvi5 gene – Orlovsky Pioner and Chistotel; triploids – Pamyt Semakinu, Bezhin Lug, Turgenevskoye, Mars, Orlovsky Partizan, Trener Petrov, Patriot and Avgusta (404,0—623,9 mg/100 g), of these Mars and Trener Petrov have the Rvi6 gene.

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Kiseleva E.N., Rachenko M.A., Rachenko A.M.

Breeding evaluation of ever-bearing raspberry seedlings for the main biological and economic indicators

Abstract

Kiseleva, E.N., Rachenko, M.A., & Rachenko, A.M. (2023). Breeding evaluation of ever-bearing raspberry seedlings for the main biological and economic indicators. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 36-47. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0404

The article presents the results of a four-year (2019—2022) study of ever-bearing raspberry seedlings obtained from open pollination. The selection was carried out according to the following characteristics: thorniness, early ripening, standard habit and damage by fungal infections. A comparative assessment of the weight and size of the fruits of the isolated seedlings and the parent form was carried out. The following successfully cultivated in the region cultivars were selected as parent forms: Oranzhevoe Chudo, Gerakl, Rubinovoye Ozherel`e, Pingvin,Zhar Ptitsa, Zolotye Kupola, Evraziya and selection forms: 37-15-4, 32-151-1 and 1-220-1. Over four years, more than 170 seedlings of ever-bearing raspberries were obtained from open pollination, of which 105 seedlings demonstrated ever-bearing. The research was carried out according to the Programs for study and breeding of fruit, berry and nut crops. Seedlings obtained from the open pollination of Gerakl, Oranzhevoe Chudo, and 1-220-1 overwintered by 100% in the first winter after planting; from Rubinovoe Ozherel`e, Zolotye Kupola, Evraziya, Pingvin, 32-151-1 and 37-15-4 seedlings overwintered by 80—93%. A low percentage of surviving plants was observed in the plants obtained from open pollination of Zhar Ptitsa (less than 17%). The largest number of early ripening samples was noted among the seedlings obtained from open pollination of Zolotye Kupola. This symptom was detected in 26.6% of samples. The largest number of standard plants was found in hybrids in the progeny of Evraziya and Pingvin (50 and 53.3%, respectively). In seedlings of Oranzhevoye Chudo, less than 10% of standard plants obtained from open pollination were noted. More than 50% of the seedlings obtained from open pollination of Gerakl, Rubinovoe Ozherel`e, Pingvin, Evraziya, 37-15-4 and 32-151-1 had hard thorns on the stems. Slightly more than 19% of cultivars had a smooth stem. Thin, long spines on the surface of the stems were present in 32% of the analyzed seedlings. The highest percentage of stems with hair-like thorns had seedlings obtained from open pollination of Zolotye Kupola, Zhar Ptitsa and Oranzhevoe Chudo. As a result of selection, early and mid-ripening genotypes of ever-bearing raspberries with a standard bush and with medium and weakly thorny shoots were obtained.

References

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Saveleva N.N., Yushkov A.N., Zemisov A.S., Chivilev V.V., Bogdanov R.E., Borzykh N.V.

Promising genotypes of the FSSI «I.V. Michurin FSC» hazelnut collection for future breeding

Abstract

Saveleva, N.N., Yushkov, A.N., Zemisov, A.S., Chivilev, V.V., Bogdanov, R.E., & Borzykh, N.V. (2023). Promising genotypes of the FSSI «I.V. Michurin FSC» hazelnut collection for future breeding. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 48-54. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0405

The article represents the results of hazelnut breeding in some lines at the FSC named after I.V. Michurin. Healthy diet trend is growing now in the world. This assumes along with fruits also nuts consumption. Russia has a rich territory suitable for hazelnuts growing. Given the shortage of nuts in the domestic market, it can be argued that there is a huge potential for its production for domestic consumption and export. Thus, studies that contribute to the development of hazelnut breeding are promising. Our work was carried out at the Breeding and Genetic Center from 2017 to 2022. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Data on frost resistance, productivity and growth strength of six hazelnut cultivars are given. The hazelnut collection at the Breeding and Genetic Center represented by 60 cultivars and forms related to Corylus avellana L. and Corylus pontica C. (Koch.) species. It allows breeding in many directions. The planting material was selected by the Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Savelyev N.I. and PhD Biology Chivilev V.V. It has been found that the frost resistance of the Schelkunchick, Moscovskiy Rubin and Academic Yablokov cultivars was quite sufficient for cultivation in the Central Chernozem Region (wood damage was assessed by 1.1—1.6 points; bark and cambium were practically not affected). High productivity was noted in Schelkunchick and Academic Yablokov (respectively: 5.3 kg and 4.2 kg of nuts per plant). Schelkunchick is the leader in productivity, frost resistance and crown compactness. These hazelnut cultivars are recommended for use in further breeding.

References

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12. Saveleva, N., Zemisov, A., Yushkov, A., Borzykh, N., & Chivilev, V. (2021). Frost resistance of hazelnut varieties in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia. BIO web of conferences, 34, 01006. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213401006.

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Kornilov B.B., Gruner L.A.

Prospects for primocane-fruiting blackberry breeding in the central part of Russia and the model of the ideal cultivar (review)

Abstract

Kornilov, B.B., & Gruner, L.A. (2023). Prospects for primocane-fruiting blackberry breeding in the central part of Russia and the model of the ideal cultivar (review). Contemporary horticulture, 4, 55-69. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0406

Under the analysis of global trends in the creation of modern blackberry cultivars, the priority areas for breeding primocane-fruiting cultivars of this crop in the conditions of central Russia, based on the climate of the region and the biological characteristics of the plant are indicated. The article consists of four main sections, the first of which shows the importance of blackberry winter hardiness in the climatic conditions of the specified region. The second section describes the history of the creation of primocane-fruiting blackberry cultivars in the USA and the prospects of such cultivars in solving the problem of winter hardiness of blackberries in the area of these studies. The third section reports on the requirements of ever-bearing blackberry cultivars for growing conditions. The fourth section presents a model of the ideal primocane-fruiting blackberry cultivar proposed by the authors for the central zone of Russia. The main parameters of this model are the following: the growing season is no more than 180 days; high yield; compactness of bushes; thornless shoots; the size of the autumn fruiting zone is at least 2/3 of the shoot; early autumn ripening of berries; large fruit size; high transportability of berries; easy separability of mature fruits from the calyx in the absence of their premature shedding; harmonious maturation; flexibility and strength of fruit twigs; small seeds; long-term storage and attractive appearance of fruits; high taste qualities of fruits; high content of a complex of important biochemical components in fruits; immunity of plants to diseases and pests. The article shows some primocane-fruiting cultivars-sources of the listed breeding-valuable traits. The relevance and novelty of the work on the creation of primocane-fruiting blackberries in the central zone of Russia is determined by the absence of such cultivars adapted to the conditions of this region and the acute problem of winter hardiness of this crop here. By 2023, VNIISPK has assembled a collection of 9 primocane-fruiting blackberry cultivars of the world assortment potentially promising as a source material for further breeding. The created gene pool and the conducted literature analysis allow us to plan and carry out further work on improving the assortment of primocane-fruiting blackberries in the conditions of the central zone of Russia.

References

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2. Gruner, L.A., Knyasev, S.D., & Kuleshova, O.V. (2018). Elements of blackberry growing technology in conditions of Orel region. Vestnik of the russian agricultural sciences, 4, 31-34. https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2018/4/31-34. EDN: LYQAQH. (In Russian. English abstract).

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5. Kazakov, I.V., & Evdokimenko, S.N. (2007). Ever-bearing (primocane-fruiting) raspberry. EDN: QKYSBF. (In Russian).

6. Kazakov, I.V., Sidelnikov, А.I., & Stepanov, V.V. (2010). Primocane-fruiting raspberry in Russia. EDN: QLBSDF (In Russian).

7. Telepenko, Yu.Yu. (2018). Frost-resistance of the blackberry (Rubus subg. Eubatus Focke) cultivars in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 14(1), 124-131. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.14.1.2018.126521. EDN: YWKOUI. (In Ukranian, English abstract).

8. Yakimov, V.V. (2010). Blackberry in Russia. EDN: QLBEED. (In Russian).

9. Andersen, P.C. (2001). The Blackberry. Retrieved from URL: https://www.growables.org/information/LowChillFruit/documents/BlackberryEdis.pdf

10. Clark, J.R. (2013). ‘Osage’ thornless blackberry. HortScience, 48(7), 909-912. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.48.7.909

11. Clark, J.R. (2008). Primocane-fruiting blackberry breeding. HortScience, 43(6), 1637-1639. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.6.1637

12. Clark, J.R. (2014). ‘Prime-Ark Freedom’ primocane-fruiting thornless blackberry. HortScience. 49(8), 1097-1101. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.49.8.1097

13. Clark, J.R., & Finn, C.E. (2011). Blackberry breeding and genetics. In: Flachowsky H., Hanke V-M (Eds.) Methods in Temperate Fruit Breeding. Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology (Vol. 5, Special issue 1, pp. 27-43). http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/ GSBOnline/images/2011/FVCSB_5(SI1)/FVCSB_5(SI1)27-43o.pdf

14. Clark, J.R., Strik, B.C., Thompson, E., & Finn, Ch.E. (2012). Progress and challenges in primocane-fruiting blackberry breeding and cultural management. Acta horticulturae, 926, 387-392. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.926.54

15. Clark, J.R., & Moore, J.N. (2005). ‘Ouachita’ thornless blackberry. HortScience, 40(1), 258-260. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.1.258

16. Clark, J.R., & J.N. Moore (2008). ‘Natchez’ thornless blackberry. HortScience, 43(6), 1897-1899. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.6.1897

17. Clark, J.R., Moore, J.N., Lopez-Medina, J., Finn, C., & Perkins-Veazie, P. (2005). ‘Prime-Jan’ (‘APF-8’) and ‘Prime-Jim’ (‘APF-12’) primocane-fruiting blackberries. HortScience, 40(3), 852-855. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.3.852

18. Clark, J.R., & Perkins-Veazie, P. (2011). ‘APF-45’ primocane-fruiting blackberry. HortScience, 46(4), 670-673. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.46.4.670

19. Clark, J.R., & Salgado, A. (2016). ‘Prime-Ark^® Traveler’ primocane-fruiting thornless blackberry for the commercial shipping market. HortScience, 51(10), 1287-1293. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI10753-16

20. Clark, J.R., Worthington, M., & Ernst, T. (2019). ‘Caddo’ thornless blackberry. HortScience, 54(9), 16321636. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14119-19

21. Danek, J., & Kolodziejczak, P. (1993). Breeding of blackberries for Polish climatic conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 352, 283-284. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.352.40

22. Darrow, G.M. (1937). Blackberry and raspberry Improvement. In Yearbook of Agriculture (pp. 496-533). Washington: Dept. of Agriculture.https://archive.org/details/yoa1937/page/495/mode/2up

23. Debner, А., & Hatterman-Valenti, H. (2016). Establishment of primocane blackberry cultivars in a northern climate. Acta Horticulturae, 1133, 201-206. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1133.30

24. Finn, C.E., & Clark, J.R. (2012). Blackberry. In: Badenes, M., Byrne, D. (Eds.) Fruit Breeding, (Vol. 8, pp. 151-190). Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_5

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27. Gruner, L.A., & Kornilov, B.B. (2021). The diversity of blackberry habitus and its significance for cultivars’ growing in the conditions of central Russia. E3S Web of Conferences, 254, 01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125401009. EDN: JBSSLI

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29. Lopez-Medina, J., Moore J.N., & McNew, R.W. (2000). A proposed model for inheritance of primocane fruiting in tetraploid erect blackberry. Journal of the american society for horticultural science, 125(2), 217-221. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.125.2.217

30. Orzel, A., Simlat, M., & Danek, J. (2016). Directions in raspberry and blackberry breeding program conducted in NIWA Berry Breeding Ltd. Brzezna, Poland. Acta horticulturae ,1133, 29-34. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1133.5

31. Strik, B., Clark, J., & Finn, Ch. (2008). Management of primocane-fruiting blackberry to maximize yield and extend the fruiting season. Acta horticulturae, 777, 423-428. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.777.63

32. Takeda, F., & Handley, D.A. (2006). Winter Protection Method for Blackberries. HortScience. 41(4), 1011. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.4.1011D

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Kiseleva G.K., Ulyanovskaya E.V., Khokhlova A.A., Karavaeva A.V.

The assessment of the apple adaptive potential by physiological and biochemical indicators in the Krasnodar Territory

Abstract

Kiseleva, G.K., Ulyanovskaya, E.V., Khokhlova, A.A., & Karavaeva, A.V. (2023). The assessment of the apple adaptive potential by physiological and biochemical indicators in the Krasnodar Territory. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 70-79. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0407

During the winter period of 2020—2023 in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory, the comparative physiological and biochemical studies of apples were carried out for the content of some metabolites. The objects of the studies were apple cultivars of various ecological and geographical origins: Enterprise (America), Florina (France), Orphey, Margo and Bagryanets Kubani (Russia). Using generally accepted physiological and biochemical research methods, it was found that the shoots of Enterprise, Orphey, and Margo contained increased amounts of starch, sugars and ascorbic acid in the pre-winter period. In winter, in these cultivars the starch carbohydrate was of great importance in enduring unfavorable winter conditions, its content decreased by 1.6—1.9 times, while in Florina and Bagryanets Kubani the starch content changed slightly. An increase in the content of soluble sugars as a result of starch hydrolysis was noted in Enterprise, Orphey and Margo by 1.3—1.4 times; in Florina and Bagryanets Kubani the content of soluble sugars changed slightly. It was shown that during the winter period there was an accumulation of ascorbic acid in the shoots of all apple cultivars, and to a greater extent in Enterprise, Orphey and Margo by 2.1—2.4 times, in Florina and Bagryanets Kubani by 1.9 and 1.7 times, respectively. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of apple cultivars to low temperatures in winter was achieved through hydrolysis of starch, increasing the content of water-soluble sugars and ascorbic acid in wintering shoots. It was found that Enterprise, Orphey and Margo proved to be more adaptive in comparison with Florina and Bagryanets Kubani during the autumn-winter period and they are recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory.

References

1. Goncharovskaya, I.V., Levon, V.F., Klimenko, S.V., & Kuznetsov, V.V. (2018). Contents of anthocyanins and chalcones in sprouts of large-fruited cultivars and crabs of apple trees in connection with the hardinessю In Phenolic compounds: functional role in plants: proc. symposium, (pp. 106-110). Moscow: PRESS-BOOK.RU. EDN: XVKCRF. (In Russian, English abstract).

2. Dospehov, B.A. (2014). Methodology of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). Moscow. (In Russian).

3. Egorov, E.A., Shadrina, Zh.A., Kochyan, G.A., Kulikov, I.M., & Borisova, A.A. (2020). The role of breeding and nursery centers in the innovative development of the horticulture branch. Horticulture and viticulture, 4, 49-57. https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2020-4-49-57. EDN: YTIUCU. (In Russian, English abstract).

4. Kiseleva, G.K., Ulyanovskaya, E.V., Karavaeva, A.V., & Shalyakho, T.V. (2022). Adaptive stability of the apple tree in the conditions of a changing climate. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 78, 287-300. https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2022-6-78-287-300. EDN: BBIRYM. (In Russian, English abstract).

5. Kiseleva, G.K., Ilyina, I.A., Sokolova, V.V., Zaporozhets, N.M., Khokhlova, A.A., & Shalyakho, T.V. (2023a). Role of ascorbic acid in adaptation of Vitis L. to low temperatures. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 79, 93-107. https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2023-1-79-93-107. EDN: FKHMAY. (In Russian, English abstract).

6. Klimenko, V.P. (2023a). Tolerance of grape varieties to expected stresses of water deficit. Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking, 25(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.34919/IM.2023.25.2.007. EDN: RRUOSV. (In Russian, English abstract).

7. Klimenko, V.P. (2023b). Mechanisms for regulating the homeostasis of grape plants under conditions of water deficiency. Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia, 82, 125-148. https://doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2023-4-82-125-148. EDN: FVKHMU. (In Russian, English abstract).

8. Kolupaev, Yu.E., Gorelova, E.I., & Yastreb, T.O. (2018). Mechanisms of plant adaptation to hypothermia: the role of the antioxidant system. News of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University. Series: Biology, 1, 6-33. (In Russian).

9. Krasova, N.G. (2015). The adaptive potential of apple varieties. Horticulture and viticulture, 3, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2015-3-38-45. EDN: TTLVFT. (In Russian, English abstract).

10. Krasova, N.G., Ozhereleva, Z.E., Galasheva, A.M., Makarkina, M.A., & Lupin, M.V. (2022). Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding, 183(4), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-48-59. EDN: UEBNEX. (In Russian, English abstract).

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15. Fernandez, E., Cuneo, I.F., Luedeling, E., Alvarado, L., Farias, D., & Saa, S. (2019). Starch and hexoses concentrations as physiological markers in the dormancy progression of sweet cherry twigs. Trees, 33, 1187-1201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-019-01855-0

16. Leyva, A., Quintana, A., Sanchez, M., Rodriguez, E.N., Cremata, J., & Sanchez, J.C. (2008). Rapid and sensitive anthrone-sulfuric acid assay in microplate format to quantify carbohydrates in biopharmaceutical products: method development and validation. Biologicals, 36(2), 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.09.001

17. Rachenko, M.A., & Rachenko, A.M. (2020). The variation of the content of dehydrin proteins in the bark of Malus app. trees differing in winter hardiness in Southern Cisbaikalia conditions. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107(2), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2020.107.024. EDN: RHASQR

18. Raza, A., Razzaq, A., Mehmood, S.S., Zou, X., Zhang, X., Lv, Y., & Xu, J. (2019). Impact of climate change on crops adaptation and strategies to tackle its outcome: A review. Plants, 8(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8020034

19. Wang, Y., Ya ,H.U., Chen, B., Zhu, Y., Dawuda, M.M. (2018). Physiological mechanisms of resistance to cold stress associated with 10 elite apple rootstocks. Journal of integrative agriculture, 17(4), 857-866 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61760-X

Kruzhkov Al.V., Kirillov R.E., Chivilev V.V.

Evaluation of pear and cherry growth force

Abstract

Kruzhkov, Al.V., Kirillov, R.E., & Chivilev, V.V. (2023). Evaluation of pear and cherry growth force. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 80-89. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0408

The results of studying pear and cherry growth force are presented. The research work was carried out in the conditions of the northern part of the Tambov region in 2019—2022. The objects of the studies were 17 cultivars and 5 hybrid seedlings of pears and 9 cultivars, 6 elite forms and 5 seedlings of cherries. The height of trees was measured. 10 plants of each genotype were studied in three repetitions. The research purpose was to identify low-growing genotypes of fruit crops. Differences between the studied cultivars and forms were revealed. The dwarf pear forms Yamal, 1-07-27, 5-07-30, 5-07-92, 14-07-10, 14-07-47 were revealed. Their height was 1.8—2.3 m. Avgustovskaya Rosa, Allegro, Gera, Syuita having height of 2.7—3.5 m were classified as low-growing pear cultivars. The pear genotypes of medium height were identified: Nika, Pervomayskaya, Svetlyanka, Feeriya and Yakovlevskaya. The height of their trees reached 3.9—4.4 m. The height of vigorous pear genotypes, such as Bessemyanka, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva, Krasavitsa Chernenko, Osennyaya Yakovleva and Skorospelka iz Michurinska varied from 4.7 to 6.5 m. Slow-growing cherry seedlings 1-2-01 and 1-4-01 with a height of no more than 2 m were selected. The height of medium-sized cherry cultivars and forms Akvarel, Morozovka, Romantika, Roza, Severyanka, 12-75, 12-78 and 12-79 varied from 2.2 to 3.1 m. The group of vigorous cherry plants included Zhukovskaya, Feya as well as elites Vostorg, Granit, Dzhusi Frut and 6-85. Their height was 3.6—5.0 m. The height of Vechernyaya Zarya, Komsomolskaya, Kharitonovskaya and Pamyat Gorshkova varied from 5.1 to 6.2 m. The revealed low-growing genotypes are of considerable interest for breeding.

References

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Palubiatka I.G., Taranau A.A.

Comparative evaluation of collectable sweet cherry cultivars and hybrids for economically valuable traits and sustainability indicators in Belarus

Abstract

Palubiatka, I.G., & Taranau, A.A. (2023). Comparative evaluation of collectable sweet cherry cultivars and hybrids for economically valuable traits and sustainability indicators in Belarus. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 90-105 https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0409

There are high demands for the industrial cherry assortment and the growing interest in its commercial cultivation determines the need to improve the assortment in the natural and environmental conditions of Belarus. The article provides an economic and biological assessment of promising cultivars and hybrids of sweet cherries from the collection of RUE «Institute of Fruit Growing»: Donetski Ugolyok, Italianka, Lyubava, Skeena, № 3, № 4, 2014-2/89, 84-10/97, 84-10/98 and 94-30/41. The research was carried out in the collectable sweet cherry orchard of the Fruit Crops Breeding Department of the RUE «Institute of Fruit Growing» during 2021—2023. According to agro-climatic zoning, the research site belongs to the southern agro-climatic region of Belarus where the sum of air temperatures above 10°С is 2200—2600°C. The frost resistance of sweet cherry cultivars and hybrids was assessed in laboratory conditions using the TMAX-CT 408 climatic chamber for four components of winter hardiness. The biochemical composition of fruits were studied at the Republican Control and Testing Complex for the Quality and Safety of Foodstuffs of the Republican Unitary Enterprise «Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Food». A brief description of winter hardiness, resistance to diseases (coccomycosis, moniliosis), fruit quality of the studied sweet cherry cultivars and hybrids is given. The biochemical composition of fruits was determined, i.e. the actual content of vitamin C, carbohydrates, organic acids in the studied samples of sweet cherries. According to a complex of economically valuable traits, sweet cherry hybrids 84-10/98, 94-30/41, 2014-2/89 were selected to the elite. Selected elite hybrids 84-10/98 (Donetskaya Krasavitsa, open pollination) and 94-30/41 (Aelita, open pollination) were transferred to the state variety testing system of the Republic of Belarus under the names Regula and Antares, respectively.

References

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2. Mosina, R.V., Dzhigadlo, E.N., & Ryapolova, I.N. (2004). Winter hardiness of sour cherry, sweet cherry and plum blossom buds in the field and under artificial freezing. In Breeding, genetics and variety agrotechnics of fruit crops (pp. 114-119). Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: YHAODB. (In Russian, English abstract).

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Bogdanov R.Ye.

Adverse factors effect of the winter and growing seasons of 2022-2023 on the productivity of domestic plum plants

Abstract

Bogdanov, R.Ye. (2023). Adverse factors effect of the winter and growing seasons of 2022-2023 on the productivity of domestic plum plants. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 106-114. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0410

The stress impact of the winter and growing seasons of 2022—2023 on the yield of domestic plum plantations was assessed. The study included 20 plum cultivars: Vengerka Kursakova, Eurasia 21, Zarechnaya Rannya, Nochka, Svetlyachok, Renklod Kolkhozny, Renklod Kharitonovoy, Alleynaya, Artistichnaya, Vengerka Zarechnaya, Gratsiya, Dubravnaya, Zarechnaya Pozdnyaya, Prestizhnaya, Radost, Renklod Michurinskiy, Renklod Rozovy, Startovaya, Troitskaya and Chernoslivnaya. The zoned cultivar Etyud was used as a control. On the basis of generally accepted methodological recommendations, we assessed the degree of freezing of tissues and buds in winter, rank of flower buds resistance to repeated spring frosts as well as yield accounting. It was found that low negative temperatures in winter 2022—2023 did not cause significant damage to tissues and vegetative buds in all the cultivars studied. The control cultivar Etyud as well as Nochka, Zarechnaya Rannya and Vengerka Kursakova were characterized by the highest resistance of generative buds (freezing not more than 25%). In spring, most of the studied genotypes were characterized by abundant flowering. The exception was for Renklod Kharitonovoy, in which the degree of flowering did not exceed 2 points. This was due to very strong freezing of the generative sphere in winter. During the flowering of domestic plum plants, the return frosts were noted, which caused freezing of the generative sphere. In the studied genotypes, a slight damage to the generative sphere not exceeding 25% was found,. Wet, cool and windy weather during the flowering period had an adverse effect on nectar production and the activity of pollinating insects, which negatively affected the fruit set. The largest harvest in the season of 2023 was noted in Vengerka Kursakova. Domestic plum cultivars Nochka, Etyud, Zarechnaya Rannya and Vengerka Kursakova are recommended for further breeding to increase the frost resistance of the generative sphere. For industrial use, the most promising cultivar is Vengerka Kursakova.

References

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Ershova I.V.

Bioflavonoids in strawberry berries during their storage

Abstract

Ershova, I.V. (2023). Bioflavonoids in strawberry berries during their storage. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 115-126. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0411

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a prospective and affordable producer of biologically active phenol compounds - bioflavonoids, which are powerful natural antioxidants. Furthermore, they play an important role in the formation of taste and color of the fruits, and also influence these qualities during storage and processing, thus, determining the possible period of storage of strawberries, their nutritional value and attractiveness for the consumer. This article presents the conclusions of research of total content of bioflavonoids, as well as separate fractions, anthocyanins, flavans (catechins, procyanidins) and flavonols in strawberry berries grown in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Region. Varietal differences and variability range of the above mentioned indicators were determined. Prospective genotypes with the maximum preservation of their initial level of bioflavonoids after the storage of frozen berries were revealed. The research was carried out in 2017—2019. The research objects were fresh and frozen fruits of introduced strawberry cultivars, as well as cultivars and hybrids of M.A. Lisavenko Research Institute’s own breeding. In order to study the changes in quality of the berries during storage, fresh berries were frozen and stored in plastic packaging for 5 months at the temperature of 18ºС. The content of bioflavonoids was determined by spectrophotometric and colorimetric methods in ethanol extracts of the fruits. The total content of bioflavonoids in strawberry berries was, on average, 438.7 mg/100 g, ranging from 280.0 to 704.9 mg/100 g. Their content decreased in the berries after 5 months of frozen storage. The extent of decrease depends on the varietal features and can be 11—36% of the initial quantity. The decrease in anthocyanins in strawberry berries during storage varied from 4 to 35%, in catechins – from 6 to 39.8%, in procyanidins – from 3.4 to 33.2%, in flavonols – from 7 to 56%. The strawberry cultivars Barabinskaya, Anastasia, Zabelinskaya, Festivalnaya Romashka, and ever-bearing hybrids R-L-09-11 and R-L-08-23 were accepted as suitable for frozen storage, since they preserved the initial quality of the berries after their long-term storage at the highest level.

References

1. Akimov, M.Yu., Lukyanchuk, I.V., Zhbanova, E.V., & Lyzhin, A.S. (2020). The fruits of strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa Duch.) as a valuable source of alimentary and biologically active substances (review). Chemistry of plant raw materials, 1, 5-18. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020015511. EDN: IWNOKH. (In Russian, English abstract).

2. Gudkovskiy, V.A. (2001). Antioxidant complex of fruits and berries and its role in the protection of living systems (human, plant, fruit) from the oxidative stress and diseases. In The main conclusions and perspectives of research of I.V. Michurin All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture (1931-2001) (Vol 1, pp. 76-88). EDN: VWINTU. (In Russian).

3. Zhbanova, E.V., Lukyanchuk, I.V., & Mironov, A.M. (2019). The vitamin and antioxidant value of fruits of varieties and selected forms of strawberry selected by FSBRI “FRC named after I.V. Michurin”. Izvestiya TSHA, 6, 36-48. https://doi.org/10.34677/0021-342х-2019-6-36-48. EDN: HFXKHC. (In Russian, English abstract).

4. Makarkina M.A., & Pavel, A.R. (2017). Biologically active substances in strawberry berries grown in Orel region. Contemporary horticulture, 2, 10-16. https://doi.org/10.24411/2218-5275-2017-00021. EDN: URNGPI. (In Russian, English abstract).

5. Ermakov, A.I., Arasimovich, V.V., Yarosh, N.P., Peruanskii, Yu.V., Lukovnikova, G.A. & Ikonnikova, M.I. (1987). Methods of biochemical research of plants. A.I. Ermakov (Ed.). Leningrad: Agropromizdat, (In Russian).

6. Prichko, T.G., & Germanova, M.G. (2012). Strawberry varieties recommended for fast freezing. Fruit-growing, 24, 293-300. EDN: RSOUTL. (In Russian, English abstract).

7. Prichko, T.G., & Germanova, M.G. (2016). Alimentary and biological value of berries of prospective strawberry varieties grown in the South of Russia. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 45, 137-144. EDN: WDGDMN. (In Russian, English abstract).

8. Zubov, A.A., & Popova, I.V. (1995). Strawberry breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 387-416). Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: HFAUWB. (In Russian).

9. Samorodova-Bianki, G.B., & Streltsina, S.A. (1989). The research of biologically active substances in fruits: methodological guidelines. VIR. (In Russian).

10. Stolnikova, N.P., & Ershova, I.V. (2011). The analysis of biochemical compounds in strawberry collection in the conditions of the forest steppe of Altai region. Fruit-growing, 23, 307-313. (In Russian, English abstract).

11. Upadishev, M.T. (2008). The role of phenolic compounds in the process of life activity of garden plants. Publishing House of SME. EDN: QKZJWR. (In Russian).

12. Tarakhovskiy, Yu.S., Kim, Yu.A., Abdrasilov, B.S., & Muzafarov, E.N. (2013). Flavonoids: biochemistry, biophysics, medicine. Sуnchrobook. (In Russian).

13. Arts, M., Haenen, G., Wilms, L.C. et al. (2002). Interactions between flavonoids and proteins: Effect on the total antioxidant capacity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50(5), 1184-1187. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010855a

14. Es-Safi, N.E., Ghidouche, S., & Ducrot, P.H. (2007). Flavonoids: hemisynthesis, reactivity, characterization and free radical scavenging activity. Molecules, 12, 2228-2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/12092228

15. Fang, J. (2015). Classification of fruits based on anthocyanin types and relevance to their health effects. Nutrition, 31(11-12), 1301-1306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.04.015

16. Moor, U., Karp, K., Poldma, P., & Pae, A. (2005). Cultural systems affect content of anthocyanins and vitamin C in strawberry fruits. Europ. J. Hort. Sci., 70(4), 195-201.

17. Rekika, D., Khanizadeh, S., Deschenes, M., Levasseur, A., Charles, M.T., Tsao, R., & Yang, R. (2005). Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected strawberry genotypes. HortScience, 40(6), 1777-1781. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.6.1777

18. Seeram, N.P., Lee, R., Scheuller, S., & Heber, D. (2006). Identification of phenolic compounds in strawberries by liquidchromatography electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-MS). Food Chemistry, 97(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.047

19. Terao, J. (2009). Dietary flavonoids as antioxidants, Forum Nutr., 61, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1159/000212741

Korniliev H.V.

The study of genetic diversity of wild growing forms of grapes in the mountain-forest zone of Crimea using microsatellite markers

Abstract

Korniliev, H.V. (2023). The study of genetic diversity of wild growing forms of grapes in the mountain-forest zone of Crimea using microsatellite markers. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 127-137. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0412

In order to assess the genetic resources of Crimean grapes, it is relevant to study wild grapes, shown by feral representatives of cultivated grapes Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa (DC) Hegi., and actually wild grapes Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi., considered to be the progenitor of cultivated varieties. The purpose of the study is to identify DNA profiles of samples of wild growing grapes in Crimea to assess their genetic diversity using nuclear (nSSR) and chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellite loci. In total, 50 samples collected in the mountain-forest zone of Crimea were studied. Genotyping was performed using 9 nSSR (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79), and 3 cpSSR markers (ccmp3, ccmp5, ccmp10). For nSSR loci, 88 alleles were identified (on average by 9 alleles per locus). The most common samples were those with the following alleles in the nSSR profiles: VVS2133, VVMD5234, VVMD7249, VVMD25249 и VVMD25267, VVMD27₁₉₀, VVMD28₂₃₆, VVMD32₂₄₀, VrZAG62₁₉₄, VrZAG79₂₅₁. The average effective number of alleles (ne) was 4.101. The average value of actual heterozygosity (Het_o) was 0.678, the average value of observed heterozygosity (Het_е) - 0.734. The average Shannon-Winner coefficient (I) value was 1.635. Six alleles were identified for cpSSR loci: ccmp3₁₀₆, ccmp3₁₀₇, ccmp5₁₀₄, ccmp5₁₀₅, ccmp10₁₁₄, ccmp10₁₁₅. It was established that A chlorotype was confirmed for 38 samples of wild grapes, C chlorotype – for 2 samples and D chlorotype – for 10 samples. A dendrogram constructed on the basis of genetic distance matrix showed the presence of 3 clusters, which included 25, 18 and 7 samples, respectively. Samples with A chlorotype were represented in 3 clusters; with D chlorotype – in 2 clusters; with C chlorotype – in 1 cluster. It was revealed that samples No. 7 and No. 37 had an identical genotype. Among the wild forms, microsatellite profiles corresponding to the genotypes ‘Moldova’, ‘Muscat a Petit Grains’, ‘Primitivo’, ‘Semillon’ and ‘Chaush Chernyi’ were identified.

References

1. Goryslavets, S.М., Risovannaya, V.I., Volkov, Ya.А., Kolosova, А.А., & Volodin, V.А. (2017). Identification and evaluation of wild growing vines on the territory of Yalta Mountain-Forest Nature Reserve using molecular markers. Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking, 1, 19-21. EDN: YGUPJP (In Russian, English abstract).

2. Goryslavets, S.M., Volodin, V.A., Kolosova, A.A., Volkov, Ya.A., Spota,r G.Yu., & Risovannaya, V.I. (2020). Characteristics of the biological diversity of native and wild forms Vitaceae Juss. as the most important resource of Crimea vegetation germplasm (gene pool) based on analysis of microsatellite loci. Russian foundation for basic research journal, 2, 25-37. https://doi.org/10.22204/2410-4639-2020-106-02-25-37. EDN: PEQNDB. (In Russian, English abstract).

3. Gorislavets, S.М., Volodin, V.А., Spotar, G.Yu., Risovannaya, V.I., & Alekseev, Ya.I. (2019). Genotyping of grape varieties released by the Institute Magarach based on analysis of allelic polymorphism of SSR loci. Magarach. Viticulture and Winemaking, 21(4), 289-293. https://doi.org/10.35547/IM.2019.21.4.002. EDN: HQGYYF. (In Russian, English abstract)

4. Zvyagin, А.S., Troshin, L.P., Mukhina, Zh.M., & Suprun, I.I. (2005). Adaptation of microsatellite analysis techniques for studying the genetic diversity of grape Pinot blank, Risling varieties and its clonesю In Innovations and efficiency of production processes in viticulture and winemaking: proc. sci. conf. (Vol. 2, pp. 113-117). Krasnodar: NCFSCHVW. EDN: RBDQAH. (In Russian)

5. Zvyagin, A.S., & Troshin, L.P. (2010). On wild grape and cultivar origin. Works of the Kuban state agrarian university, 25, 84-88. MWEORZ. (In Russian, English abstract)

6. Anonimous (2010). Technique for genotyping, registering and identification of grape genotypes using microsatellite loci analysis (SSR-PCR) / RD 00 384830-064. (In Russian)

7. Risovannaya, V.I., & Gorislavets, S.М. (2018). To the issue of genetic affinity of Gevat Kara and Bulanyi grapes. Magarach. Viticulture and Winemaking, 2, 4-6. EDN: XQFXBR. (In Russian, English abstract).

8. Chesnokov, Yu.V., & Artemyeva, А.М. (2015). Evaluation of the measure of polymorphism information of genetic diversity. Agricultural biology, 50(5), 571-578. https:// https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2015.5.571rus. EDN: UXSRIX. (In Russian, English abstract).

9. De Adres, M.T., Benito A., Perez-Rivera G., Ocete R., Lopez M.A., Gaforio L., & Arroyo-Garcia, R. (2012). Genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in Spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines. Molecular Ecology, 21(4), 800-816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05395.x

10. Arroyo-Garcia, R., Ruiz-Garcia, L., Bolling, L., Ocete, R., Lopez, M.A., Arnold, C., Ergul, A., Soylemezoglu, G., Uzun, H.I., Cabello, F., Ibanez, J., Aradhya, M.K., Atanassov, A., Atanassov, I., Balint, S., Cenis, J.L., Constantini, L., Gorislavets, S., Grando, M.S., Klein, B.I., McGovern, P.E., Merdinoglu, D., Pejic, I., Pelsy, F., Primikirios, N., Risovannaya, V., Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A., Snoussi, H., Sotiri, P., Tamhankar, S., This, P., Troshin, L., Malpica, M., Lefort, F., & Martinez-Zapater, J.M. (2006). Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms. Molecular Ecology, 15(12), 3707-3714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03049.x

11. Barth, S., Forneck, A., Verzeletti, F., Blaich, R., & Schumann, F. (2009). Genotypes and phenotypes of an ex situ Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (Gmel.) Beger germplasm collection from the Upper Rhine Valley. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 56(8), 1171-1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9443-1

12. Cunha, J., Teixeira-Santos, M., Brazao, J., Carneiro, L.C., Veloso, M., Fevereiro, P., & Eiras-Dias, J.E.J. (2010). Genetic diversity in Portuguese native Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera and ssp. sylvestris. Czech J. Genet. Plant. Breed., 46, 54-56. https://doi.org/10.17221/2447-CJGPB

13. Grassi, F., Labra, M., Imazio, S., Rubio, R., Failla, O., Scienza, A., & Sala, F. (2010). Phylogeographical structure and conservation genetics of wild grapevine. Conservation Genet., 7, 837-845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9118-9

14. Pei, D., Song, S., Kang, J., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Dong, T., Ge, M., Pervaiz, T., Zhang, P., & Fang, J. (2023). Characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers mined in whole grape genomes. Genes, 14(3), 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14030663

15. Riaz, S., Lorenzis, G., Velasco, D., Koehmstedt, A., Maghra, D., Bobokashvili, Z., Musayev, M., Zdunic, G., Laucou, A., Walker, A., Failla, O., Preece, J., Aradhya, M., & Arroyo-Garcia, R. (2006). Genetic diversity analysis of cultivated and wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions around the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia Riazetal. BMC plant biology, 18, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1351-0

16. This, P., Jung, A., Boccacci, P., Borrego, J., Botta, R., Constantini, L., Crespan, M., Dangl, G., Eisenheld, C., Ferreira-Monteiro, F., Grando, S., Ibanez, J., Lacombe, T., Luacou, V., Magalhaes, R., Meredith, C.P., Milani, N., Peterlunger, E., Regner, F., Zulini, L., & Maul, E. (2004). Development of standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1448-1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1760-3

17. Zdunic, G., Maul, E., Hancevic, K., Leko, M., Butorac, L., Mucalo, A., & Maletic, E. (2017). Genetic diversity of wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris Gmel. Hegi) in the Eastern Adriatic Region. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 68(2), 252-257. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2016.16072

NURSERY AND HORTICULTURE

Golovunin V.P.

Influence of humic growth stimulator and mineral fertilizer on the vegetative development of blue honeysuckle

Abstract

Golovunin, V.P. (2023). Influence of humic growth stimulator and mineral fertilizer on the vegetative development of blue honeysuckle. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 138-144. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0413

The sharp rise in prices of mineral fertilizers and pesticides is forcing us to look for new ways to increase crop production. The most promising way to solve this problem is the widespread use of biological plant protection products, growth stimulants and bacterial fertilizers. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, on the soddy-podzolic soil of the Republic of Mari El, the influence of the humic preparation “Torfyanoy DAR Mari El” on the provision of plants with basic nutrients and on the vegetative development of blue honeysuckle will be studied. The article presents preliminary results of the experiment over the past three years (2021—2023). The determination of the average annual growth and general condition of blue honeysuckle plants was carried out according to the “Program and Methods for Variety Study of Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops”. The content of nutrients in the leaves during the ripening phase of the berries was determined according to the following GOST standards: mass fraction of nitrogen GOST 13496.4-2019, mass fraction of phosphorus GOST 32041-2012, mass fraction of potassium GOST 30504-97. The blue honeysuckle cultivar was Nizhny Novgorod Dessert. The experiment was repeated three times, the total area was 108 m², the counting area was 86.4 m², the number of counting plants was 15, the placement of plots was randomized, the period for applying humic growth stimulant and mineral fertilizer was the first ten days of May once. the application of fertilizer was on the surface. The use of the studied agromeliorants increases the content of nutrients in the leaves and is within the optimum range, which has a positive effect on the growth and development of honeysuckle plants. The use of a humic preparation and mineral fertilizer in the initial period of growth has a positive effect on the average annual growth, which helps to increase the potential yield of blue honeysuckle. As a result of the research, the option “Humic preparation 150 ml/m² + Azofoska” was selected, where the best results were obtained: the mass fraction of nitrogen in the leaves was 2.64%, the mass fraction of mobile phosphorus compounds was 0.65%, the mass fraction of mobile potassium compounds was 1.51%, average annual growth 35 cm.

References

1. Bezuglova, O.S., Polienko, E.A., & Gorovcov, A.V. (2016). Humic preparations as growth stimulators of plants and microorganisms (review). Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 4, 11-13. EDN: WJUMLF. (In Russian, English abstract).

2. Bogomazov, S.V., Levin, A.A., Tkachuk, O.A., & Lyandenburskaya, A.V. (2019). Yield and quality of grain of spring soft wheat, depending on the application of humic and mineral fertilizers. Niva Povolzhya, 3, 68-73. EDN: LHKDWI. (In Russian, English abstract).

3. Veklenko, V.I., Ajdiev, R.A., & SHamin, D.V. (2007). Efficiency of biological preparations and growth regulators on grain crops. Achievements of science and technology in agro-industrial complex, 10, 46-47. EDN: IRGJIL. (In Russian).

4. Kasatikov, V.A., & SHabardina, N.P. (2021). Influence of torfohumin fertilizer on agrochemical properties of soddy-podzoly soil and crop yield in the link of crop rotation. Plodorodie, 5, 26-27. https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2021.122.07. EDN: XXACLL. (In Russian, English abstract).

5. Kuprina, M.N., & Kolesnikova, V.L. (2014). The use of the peat-based growth stimulants in the berry nursery. Bulletin of KSAU, 7, 85-91. EDN: SNFBNT. (In Russian, English abstract).

6. Makarov, O.M., Stepanov, A.A., CHerkashina, N.F., CHistova, O.A., & Panina, N.N. (2016). Experience of the assessment of influence of humic preparations on productivity and quality of potatoes. Agrochemical herald, №1, 22-26. EDN: VVRDKR. (In Russian, English abstract).

7. Mamaev, V.V., Sycheva, I.V., & Sychev, M.S. (2015). Influence of humic and mineral fertilizers on yield of winter wheat // Agrochemical herald, 5, 10-12. EDN: UIEDSB. (In Russian, English abstract).

8. Rezvyakova, S.V., & Rezvyakova, E.S. (2017). Evaluation of the effects of growth stimulants for improving winter hardiness and yield of raspberry. Bulletin of agrarian science, 5, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.15217/issn2587-666X.2017.5.3. EDN: ZUFLLH. (In Russian, English abstract).

9. Severin, V.F., Kandaurova, V.V., & Sochilov, D.A. (2006). To the propagation of black currant by green cuttings: productivity of the mother plant and the influence of humic fertilizers on the rooting of cuttings and the growth of seedlings. Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University, 6, 22-28. EDN: KUXSRB. (In Russian).

10. Suleimenov, B.U., & Seitmenbetova, A.T. (2021). Influence of humic fertilizer "Bioecogum" on biochemical indicators of winter wheat grain quality. Soil science and agrochemistry, 1, 64-69. https://doi.org/10.51886/1999-740X_2021_1_64. EDN: ISMFVW. (In Russian, English abstract).

11. Plekhanova, M.N. (1999). Honeysuckle. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 444-457). Orel: VNIISPK. EDN: YHAQHF. (In Russian).

ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE

Adritskaya N.A., Kapelyan A.I.

Assessment of modern garden rose cultivars in the rosarium of Peter the Great botanical garden

Abstract

Adritskaya, N.A., & Kapelyan, A.I. (2023). Assessment of modern garden rose cultivars in the rosarium of Peter the Great botanical garden. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 145-155. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0414

Modern garden roses – shrub roses are of particular interest for landscape design, having high winter hardiness, disease resistance and unpretentiousness in care. Their popularity is associated with high decorative qualities and environmental plasticity, which allows them to be used in various compositions. The article presents data on assessing the winter hardiness and decorative properties of modern collection cultivars of garden roses in the conditions of St. Petersburg. The research was carried out in 2020—2023 in the rose garden of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden BIN RAS. The objects of research were 10 cultivars of semi-climbing garden hybrid roses (shrubs). When carrying out the experimental work, phenological observations were carried out, according to the methodology for botanical gardens for phenological observations of re-blooming roses, as well as biometric observations. Winter hardiness was assessed using the method of P.I. Lapin. and Sidneeva S.V., on a 7-point scale, and the assessment of decorativeness was done according to the method of Bylov V.N. on a 5-point scale. Under various overwintering conditions during the years of research, semi-climbing roses had good winter hardiness. The studied cultivars did not have any plant damage, despite the fact that winter shelter was not used when growing them, and only annual shoots (2021—2022—2023) and biennial shoots under unfavorable overwintering conditions (2020—2021) were frostbitten. Abundant and repeated flowering is typical for most cultivars of semi-climbing roses. They are resistant to fading and rain. In terms of flowering duration, the continuously flowering cultivar Prairie Joy and Sommerwind had the highest scores. The cultivars Golden Celebration and Harlow Carr scored high when assessing decorative merits – 4.8 points, and Graham Thomas – 4.7 points.

References

1. Adritskaya, N.A., & Kapelyan, A.I. (2022). Comparative assessment of winter hardiness and decorative properties of various cultivar of roses in the rose garden of the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great. Izvesniya Saint-Petersburg state agrarian university, 2, 48-58. https://doi.org/10.24412/2078-1318-2022-2-48-58. EDN: GFJIHG. (In Russian, English abstract).

2. Adritskaya, N.A., & Shchetinin, D.S. (2017).Winter hardiness of various groups of roses in the rose garden of the Botanical Garden. Newsletter of the student scientific society, 8(1), 131-133. EDN: UOANPW. (In Russian).

3. Bardakova, S.A. (2019). Features of growth and development of garden roses of english selection. Agricultural bulletin of Stavropol region, 1, 71-73. EDN: MDSYRZ. (In Russian, English abstract).

4. Boyko, R.V., Shcherbakova, O.F., Rubtsova, E.L., & Chizhankova, V.I. (2015). Methodological recommendations for phenological observations of re-blooming roses. Kyiv. (In Russian).

5. Boronkay, G., Jambor-Benczur, E., & Matthew, A. (2009). Color stability of the flowers of some rose cultivar measured in CIEDE2000. Horticultural Science (Prague), 36(2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.17221/1531-HORTSCI

6. Bumbeeva, L.I.,Demidov, A.S., & Bondorina, I.A. (2017). Rosary. Moscow. (In Russian).

7. Bumbeeva, L.I. (2016). Modern winter hardy rose varieties and their origin. In Floriculture: history, theory, practice: proc. sci. conf. (pp. 53-56). Minsk: Konfido. (In Russian).

8. Bylov, V.N. (1978). Fundamentals of comparative variety assessment of ornamental plants. In Introduction and selection of floral and ornamental plants. Moscow. (In Russian).

9. Kapelyan, A.I. (2017). Grafted and root-rooted roses in the botanical garden of Peter the Great. Collection of scientific works SNBG, 145, 271-274. EDN: ZKBCRT (In Russian, English abstract).

10. Kushina, I.V., & Karpukhin, M.Yu. (2019). Roses in garden and park construction. Agrarian education and science, 4, 27-37. EDN: AOFJWA. (In Russian).

11. Young, M.A., Schorr, P., Baer, R. (2007). Modern Roses 12. The Comprehensive List of Roses in Cultivation or of Historical or Botanical Importance. Shreveport: The American Rose Society.

12. Naida, N.M., & Dundikov, E.E. (2022). Comparative anatomical study of vegetative organs of two varities of roses. Izvesniya Saint-Petersburg state agrarian university, 1, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.24412/2078-1318-2022-1-17-28. EDN: XZHBCA. (In Russian, English abstract).

13. Saakov, S.G. (1965). The origin of garden roses and the direction of work in their selection. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russian).

14. Hall, T (2021). The Kew gardener`s guide to growing roses. Frances Lincoln Ltd.

Kozlova E.A., Makarov S.S., Zubik I.N., Orlova E.E., Kuznetsova I.B.

Influence of some components of substrates on growth, development and decorative traits of hybrid petunia (Petunia

Abstract

Kozlova, E.A., Makarov, S.S., Zubik, I.N., Orlova, E.E., & Kuznetsova, I.B. (2023). Influence of some components of substrates on growth, development and decorative traits of hybrid petunia (Petunia × hybrida Vilm.). Contemporary horticulture, 4, 156-164. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0415

The results of assessing the ornamental and economic features of the hybrid petunia (Petunia × hybrida Vilm.) are given. The popularity of annual crops for landscaping (in particular petunias) has increased with the possibility of its use both in open ground conditions and in container growing technology. Currently, priority is given to F1 petunia hybrids for its compactness, abundant and long flowering, resistance to diseases and external influences. Description of growth process and development of some cultivars of hybrid petunia when grown in container technology is presented. The goal is to study the influence of some components of substrates on the decorative features of petunia in open ground conditions in Moscow. An assessment is made of the dynamics of changes in the seedling height and changes in the number of shoots, depending on the experiment variants. Faster periods of passage of some phenological phases and active development are noted in hybrid petunia plants when grown on a substrate with the addition of a hydrogel. The beginning of budding is recorded 82 days after sowing the seeds, which is typical for large-flowered petunias. The largest number of shoots and flowers of hybrid petunia (6 pcs.) on the date of measurement (June 23) is noted when using the substrate peat + hydrogel (3:1), which is 1–2 flowers more than other options. The results obtained can be applied in urban and private gardening in open ground conditions in Moscow.

References

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Masalova L.I.

Results of the study of the bioresource collection of deciduous north american plants of the VNIISPK arboretum

Abstract

Masalova, L.I. (2023). Results of the study of the bioresource collection of deciduous north american plants of the VNIISPK arboretum. Contemporary horticulture, 4, 165-171. https://www.doi.org/10.52415/23126701_2023_0416

The article presents a taxonomic analysis of North American deciduous plants of the genetic collection of the VNIISPK arboretum. The most numerous in terms of the number of representatives of the objects of study is the Rosaceae family (6 genera, 10 species and forms). The following species are characterized by annual excellent flowering and fruiting: Juglans rupestris – a representative of the Juglandaceae family and Ptelea trifoliata – a representative of the Rutaceae family. The highest results in pest and disease resistance were shown by: Juglans rupestris – a representative of the Juglandaceae family and Ptelea trifoliata – a representative of the Rutaceae family. The most decorative according to the results of our research were the following plants: Juglans rupestris, Ptelea trifoliata, Crataegus submollis, Betula lenta, Quercus rubra, Quercus macrocarpa, Berberis ottawiensis f. purpurea and plants of the genus Mahonia. From the studied plants, the species and forms that have annual stable flowering and fruiting should be recommended: Juglans rupestris, Crataegus submollis, Ptelea trifoliata and Padus virginiana.

References

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