Since 2024, the journal has been published on the National Platform of Periodical Scientific Publications of the Russian Center for Scientific Research https://journals.rcsi.science/2312-6701/index
2019 ¹2
PERSONALITIES
Abstract
Telezhinskiy, D.D. (2019). Leonid Andriianovich Kotov turned 90 years old! Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 1-6. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10201 (In Russian, English abstract).
Leonid Andriyanovich Kotov is a well-known Russian breeder working at one of the most northern fruit breeding institutions in Russia – the Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture, which is a structural unit of the Federal Sate Budgetary Scientific Institution «Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science». He has been breeding apples and pears in this enterprise since 1963. Leonid Andriyanovich has developed a large number of winter-hardy large-fruited apple and pear varieties and elite seedlings, many of which compete with the best varieties of central Russia in quality of fruits. Presently, 28 varieties of apple and pear, including 7 new pear varieties have been entered into the State Register of the Russian Federation. 11 varieties of apples and pears have been transferred to the State trials. He created a reserve of several hundred candidates for the variety and promising seedlings of apples and pears. Sverdlovsk apple and pear varieties are zoned in the Sverdlovsk region, Cheliabinsk, Perm, Kurhan, Omsk, partly in the Tiumen regions, the Udmurt, Bashkir, Mari El republics (one pear variety – in the Saratov region), they are common in Northern Kazakhstan, Orenburh region, Tatarstan, and Volga-Viatka region. They are being tested in other regions – in the mountain conditions of Dahestan. In addition, a very large number of its candidates for the variety are being tested. For landscaping cities, parks, and garden plots, Kotov created highly resistant decorative apple varieties with different types of growth. Of these, three varieties with an umbrella-shaped crown – with bright crimson and white flowers – are zoned in all regions of Russia. Another shape of apple trees for landscaping is Sharovidnaia, in the form of a low tree with a rounded dense crown.
GENETICS, BREEDING, STUDY OF VARIETIES
Abstract
Gunina, Yu.S. (2019). Inheritance of resistance to scab (Venturia Inaequalis) in the offspring of immune apple varieties. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 7-12. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10202 (In Russian, English abstract).
Apple tree, due to its beneficial properties and wide range of cultivation, is very popular. Highly scab resistant varieties are of scientific and practical interest. Hybrids were obtained as a result of crossing the varieties from the collection of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko (NIISS) with immune VNIISPK varieties Bolotovskoe (Vf), Imrus (Vf) and Chistotel (Vm). In 2015—2018 in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Altai Priobye, the assessment of their scab resistance (Venturia inaequalis (Cohk.) Wint.) was carried out. It has been determined that in the hybrid progeny of apple varieties of the NIISS collection with scab resistance donors (Bolotovskoe, Imrus and Chistotel) in conditions of the forest-steppe of the Altai Priobye a significant amount of resistant plants is released (up to 51.0% of plants with clean leaves and up to 89.6% with pure fruits). Among the studied paternal forms, the greatest effectiveness was observed when using the Chistotel variety. The combinations Zhar Ptiza × Chistotel, Altaiskoye Rumianoye × Chistotel and Altaiskoye Bagrianoye × Chistotel released 49.1—89.6% of seedlings with scab-resistant leaves and fruits. Hybrids that are not resistant to leaf scab (from 2.4 to 12.4%) and fruits (from 2.2 to 2.3%) are noted in families where the Laletino variety participated as the maternal form. A smaller proportion of hybrids, with leaves not affected by scab, was observed when using pollen from the Imrus and Bolotovoske varieties: from 9.7 (Laletino × Imrus) to 42.7% (Ranetka purpurovaya × Imrus) and from 20.9 (Dobrynya × Bolotovskoe) to 33.4% (32-26 × Bolotovskoe). The number of hybrids with scab-free fruits was 71.9% (Altaiskoye Bagrianoye), 85.6 (Ranetka Purpurovaya), 67.3 (Siberka No. 1) and 83.0% (Dobrynya).
References
1. Sedov, E.N., Kalinina, I.P. & Smykov, V.K. (1995). Apple breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 159-200). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
2. Sedov, E.N., & Zhdanov, V.V. (1983). Apple resistance to scab (varieties and breeding). Tula: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
3. Makarenko, S.A. (2017). Adaptive selection of Apple-trees in the low mountains of the Altai mountains (Agri. Sci. Doc. Thesis). All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia. (In Russian).
4. Kalinina, I.P. (2008). Selection of Apple trees in the Altai. Barnaul: ABC. (In Russian).
5. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Serova, Z.M., & Korneeva, S. A. (2016). Innovations in breeding apple trees. Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science, 4, 33-37. Retrieved from: http://www.vestnik-rsn.ru/vrsn/article/view/409 (In Russian, English abstract).
6. Sedov, E.N., Serova, Z.M., Krasova, N.G., Makarkina, M.A., Ozherelieva, Z.E., & Salina, E.S. (2018). All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding apple varieties as sources and donors of economically valuable characteristics. Horticulture and viticulture, 3, 16-21. https://doi.org/10.25556/VSTISP.2018.3.14169 (In Russian, English abstract).
7. Sedov, E.N., Sedysheva, G.A., Makarkina, M.A., Levgerova, N.S., Serova, Z.M., Korneyeva, S.A., Gorbacheva, N.G., Salina, E.S., Yanchuk, T.V., Pikunova, A.V., & Ozherelieva, Z.E. (2015). The innovations in apple genome modification opening new prospects in breeding. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract and conclusion).
8. Makarenko, S.A. (2018). Fundamentals of Apple breeding in the South of Western Siberia. In Innovative directions of development of Siberian horticulture: heritage of academicians M. A. Lisavenko, I. P. Kalinina (pp 167-173). Barnaul. (In Russian).
9. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel, VNIISPK (In Russian).
10. Usenko, V.I., & Puchkin, I.A. (Eds.). (2011). The work program of breeding center of the research Institute of horticulture for Siberia named after M. A. Lisavenko to 2030. Novosibirsk. (In Russian).
Abstract
Kotov, L.A. (2019). Apple breeding in the Middle Urals. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 13-21. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10203 (In Russian, English abstract).
Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture is a structural unit of the FSBSI UrFASRC, UrB RAS and is located on the Eastern slope of the Ural mountain range, where a combination of such unfavorable soil and climatic conditions for crop production are combined: long frosty winter (with an absolute minimum of temperature in the garden in the winter of 1968/1969 up to -47°C and the duration of the average 30-degree frost during the month); short summer and late spring frosts – until early-mid-June; dark clouds with drizzling cold rains in summer cause a lack of sunlight and a weakening of photosynthesis in the leaf apparatus; along the Ural mountain range from the Arctic ocean, cool air currents often pass; the lack of natural habitats of wild apple species (Malus silvestis) and wild pear (Pyrus communis) did not allow for old varieties of folk selection to blossom here (Kukhar, 1968; Bogdanova, 2015). In this area with such a fantastic combination of adverse weather conditions, breeders suddenly began to distinguish from their hybrids amazing genotypes with large dessert fruits of different maturation periods, including scab immunegenotypes, which among domestic apple trees have no analogues in winter hardiness, with high marketability of fruits, with increased vitamin content that can compete with varieties not only of the middle zone of the Russian Federation, but also with imported fruits. Apple varieties of the Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture are highly appreciated in Central Russia, and even in the fertile conditions of the Crimea, in the entire Northern zone and in Siberia.
References
1. Bogdanova, I.I. (2015). FSBSI Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture of ARHIBAN. Ekaterinburg: FSBSI Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture of ARHIBAN. (In Russian).
2. Kichina, V.V. (2011). Principles of orchard plant improvement. Moscow: VSTISP. (In Russian).
3. Kotov, L.A., Gaziev, M.A., Asadulaev, Z.M., & Magomeddadaev, M.M. (2017). Ural apple varieties in the highlands of Dagestan stan. Works of the State Nikita Botanical Garden, 144(1), 191-193. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Kotov L.A. (2016). Innovation in the selection of pome fruit crops in the Middle Urals. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 3, 75-77. (In Russian, English abstract).
5. Kukhar, P.G., & Stepanov, N.D. at al. (1968). Brief description of natural and economic conditions of the Urals. In System of agriculture of the Ural zone. Sverdlovsk. (In Russian).
6. Sedov, E.N., Kalinina, I.P. & Smykov, V.K. (1995). Apple breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 159-200). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
7. Sedov, E.N. (2005). Apple breeding and assortment for central regions of Russia. Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Sedov, E.N. (2016). Integrated research programs for selection fruit and berry crops and their effectiveness. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 3, 126-129. (In Russian, English abstract).
Abstract
Telezhinskiy, D.D. (2019). Sokol Yasny is a new apple variety for the Middle Ural. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 22-26. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10204 (In Russian, English abstract).
Apple is the most common fruit crop in our country. The share of apples accounts for 50% of all fruit trees in the world. Apples are very popular for their high taste and technological qualities, medicinal properties and ability for long-term storage. The imported fruit products from the southern regions of the country and other countries of the world are repeatedly treated with pesticides and are very expensive for the majority of the population. In the Middle Ural, apple pests and diseases are much less than in more southern regions of horticulture, so the pesticide load on the crop is much lower. There is a need to create and expand the assortment of highly adapted to the local conditions apple varieties for the production of environmentally friendly fruit products. In creating apple varieties for the Middle Ural, the significant success has been achieved, but improvement and expansion of the assortment are needed in the following areas: improvement of the fruit taste, increased winter hardiness, immunity to scab, compact type of growth, early summer and late winter ripening periods. Usually fruit seedlings with summer and autumn ripening are much easier to obtain than with early summer and late winter ripening. A new apple variety of the Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture – Sokol Yasnyy – is of early summer ripening, its fruit in conditions of the Middle Ural usually ripen in mid-August and can be stored for three to four weeks in the refrigerator. The variety is distinguished for good winter hardiness and yield (average yield 18.2 t / ha), beautiful fruits of dessert taste, lack of falling during maturation. The fruit are one-dimensional, have round shape, weighing 110 g (maximum – 120 g), very good sour-sweet taste with a strong aroma. The apple variety Sokol Yasny was transferred to the State trials in 2018.
References
1. Dospekhov, B. A. (1979). Methods of the field experiment. Moscow: Kolos. (In Russian).
2. Sedov, E.N., Kalinina, I.P. & Smykov, V.K. (1995). Apple breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 159-200). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Telezhinskiy, D.D. (2014). Inheritance of traits of late fruit ripening in the hybrid offspring of ussurian pear. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 228-232. (In Russian, English abstract).
Abstract
Mursalimova, G.R. (2019). Clone apple rootstocks bred in Orenburg experimental station of horticulture and viticulture. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 27-34. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10205 (In Russian, English abstract).
Modern intensive horticulture is currently under construction on dwarf clone rootstocks. Clone rootstocks make it possible to model the strength of the growth of grafted plants, fertility and yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. One of the priority indicators of intensive gardening is the adaptability of fruit crops to the stress factors of a particular region, which contributes to the economic efficiency of the industry in unstable climatic conditions. The research was carried out on the basis of FSBSI «Orenburg ESHV ARBTIHN» in typical soil and climatic conditions of the steppe Orenburg region. Clone rootstocks of the Apple breeding Orenburg experimental station of horticulture and viticulture were studied. The scheme of planting was 3.0 × 0.3 m. The plots were irrigated, the agronomic practice was common for the Orenburg region. The article presents the results of the comparative evaluation of clone rootstocks Ural 3, Ural 6, Ural 7, Ural 11, Ural 14, Ural 56 and Ural 10 possessing a complex of valuable traits in the steppe zone of the southern Urals. Clone rootstocks are characterized by high adaptive abilities to the vegetation conditions and are resistant to temperature stress and water deficit, they are highly resistant to low temperatures and winter desiccation. The testing of the clone rootstocks in the critical climatic conditions of the steppe zone of the southern Urals allowed to identify the investigated rootstocks in the category of reliable productive forms, which are widely used in the production conditions of the region.
References
1. Lobanov, G.A. (Ed.) (1973). Program and methods of variety trials of fruit, berry and nut crops. Michurinsk, VNIIS. (In Russian).
2. Anonymous (1995). Methods of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Official Bulletin of State commission. Moscow. (In Russian).
3. Sedov, E.N., Kalinina, I.P. & Smykov, V.K. (1995). Apple breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 159-200). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
Abstract
Tarasova, G.N. (2019). Resistance of Ural pear varieties to late spring frosts. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 35-39. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10206 (In Russian, English abstract).
Late spring frosts are one of the factors affecting pear productivity in the Middle Ural. The beginning of the flowering of pear varieties may occur from the first to the third decades of May. It is known, that in some years the return frost in the region is observed until the middle of June. Resistance of flowers of Ural pear varieties to late spring frosts have been studied. Nineteen pear varieties were monitored from 2008 to 2018. The plantings are located in the southern suburbs of Yekaterinburg. The evaluation was carried out at a height of 1.7—1.8 m from the soil surface at the stage of full bloom. The highly productive variety Polya of A.M. Lukashov’s selection was taken as a standard. Late spring frosts during flowering were observed in 2009, 2011, 2016, 2017. The air temperature decrease to -3,0°Ñ; -5,0°Ñ; -4,8°Ñ; -6,0°Ñ was noted. The most resistant varieties were selected. They are Polya (st), Fleyta, Chusovaya, Nizkoroslaya, Zarechnaya, Sultan, Limonadnaya, Podarok Tukmacham and Berezhenaya. The number of damaged flowers did not exceed 25%. It was found that the variety Raduzhnaya was unstable to late spring frosts. More than 75% of the flowers were damaged. The variety Kolokolchik had a weak resistance of flowers, at least 50% of the flowers were damaged. Lowering the temperature to -6,0°Ñ at the flowering stage is detrimental to the harvest of all pear varieties. The varieties Fleyta, Chusovaya and Podarok Tukmacham are characterized by relative stability.
References
1. Andrianova, N.G. (2013). Dependence of floral buds hardiness of pear and apple cultivars to spring frosts from stage of development in Zhezkazgan Botanical Garden. Bulletin of university of Karaganda. Biology, medicine, geography series, 2, 46-53. (In Russian, English abstract). Retrieved from: https://biollogy-medcine-geography-vestnik.ksu.kz/ru/content/srch/ 2013_Biology_2_70_2013.pdf
2. Krasova, N.G. (2002). The estimation of resistance of pear flowers to late spring frosts. In Fruit crop breeding and variety agronomic practice (pp. 21-25). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Metlitsky, Z.F. (1956). Agronomical technology of fruit crops. Moscow: Selkhozgiz. (In Russian).
4. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A., & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pome fruits (apple, pear, quince). In E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253-300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
5. Tarasova G.N. (2010). Influence of flowering period´s weather conditions on pear productivity in the Sverdlovsk region. In Scientific support of adaptive gardening in the Urals region: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp.65-72). Ekaterinburg : Sverdlovsk breeding station horticulture. (In Russian).
6. Khoruzhy, R.D. (1982). The late spring frost impact on the flowers death and yield of pears. In Problems of increasing the efficiency of modern gardening: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp.139-141). Michurinsk. (In Russian).
7. Ballard, J.K., & Proebsting, E.L. (1978). Frost and frost control in Washington orchards. Extension Bulletin 634 – Washington State University. Washington: Pullman. Retrieved from: https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2376/9355/eb0634_1978.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Abstract
Isakova, Ì.G. (2019). The variety of cherry Vita. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 40-45. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10207 (In Russian, English abstract).
The research was carried out in the direction of 150 «Fundamentals of the selection process of the creation of new plant genotypes with high economic valuable traits of productivity and resistance to bio - and abio stressors». According to the results of the competitive testing of cherry varieties and accessions of breeding of Sverdlovsk Breeding Station of Horticulture, a structural subdivision of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science», and introduced cherry varieties on a range of economically useful traits (winter hardiness, productivity, early maturity, high taste and commodity quality, large size of fruit, resistance to coccomyces and fruit rot), the variety Vita of selection of Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture was distinguished. Morphological, biological and economic characteristics of the new cherry variety are given. Fruits weighing 4—5 g are dark red and one-dimensional. The flesh is tender, juicy with excellent sweet and sour taste. The degustation evaluation of fresh fruit is 4.8 points. The fruit contain soluble solids – 16,7%, sugars 8,9%, acids – 1,9%, vitamin C – 13,4 mg/100 g, vitamin P – 452,4 mg/100 g. The fruit ripen early: 15—25 July. Fruiting is good. The average yield for 10 years (2006—2015) made up of 10.81 t/ha. The area power is 3 × 2 m. Thevariety is of multi-purpose. The shrub is of medium height, 2.0—2.3 m, winter-hardy, drought-resistant. Programme and Techniques of Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops Variety Investigation (Orel, VNIISPK Publ., 1999. 608 p.), Pomology. Vol III and Stone cultures (Orel, 2008) served as the main methodical manuals for the research. The cherry variety Vita is passing the State variety testing and is recommended for cultivation in the Volga-Vyatka region.
References
1. Dzhigadlo, E.N. (2009). Breeding for resistance to biotic factors of the environment. In Breeding method improvement, development of sour and sweet cherry varieties and rootstocks with environmental adaptation to conditions of the Central Region of Russia (pp. 27-32). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract, English conclusion).
2. Dzigadlo, E.N. (2009). Coccomycosis resistance. In Breeding method improvement, development of sour and sweet cherry varieties and rootstocks with environmental adaptation to conditions of the Central Region of Russia (pp. 55-56). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian, English abstract, English conclusion).
3. Isakova, M.G. (2016). The formation of cherry culture in the Middle Urals. In The state and prospects of development of northern gardening: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 73-82). Ekaterinburg: FSBI Sverdlovsk CCC VSTISP. (In Russian).
4. Kolesnikova, A.F. (2014). Sour cherry breeding in the past and present. Orel: OSU. (In Russian).
5. Sedov, E.N., & Dzhigadlo, E.N. (Eds.). (2008). Pomology. Stone fruit crops. (Vol. 3). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
6. Dzhigadlo, E.N., Shchekotova, L.A., & Morozova, T.V. (1995). Cherry breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods of selection fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 234-256). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
7. Dzhigadlo, E.N., Kolesnikova, A.F., Eremin, G.V., Morozova, T.V., Debiskaeva, S.Y., Kanshina, M.V., Kanshina, M.V., Medvedeva, N.I., & Simagin, V.S. (1999). Stone fruit crops. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 300–351). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Simagin, V.S. (2015). The possibilities and perspectives of interspecific hybridization of Prunus Fruticosa Pall. In Northern cherry: a collection of scientific papers of the III All-Russian Symposium of Stoneplant. Chelyabinsk. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Yushev, A.A., Vitkovsky, V.L., Korneychuk, V.A., Blazhek, J., & Paprshtein, F. (1989). Wide unified classifier CMEA of Cerasus Mill. Genus. Leningrad: VIR. (In Russian).
10. Yushev, A.A. (2015). Cherry Cerasus Fruticosa – the most frost resistance species from flora of Russian. In Northern cherry: a collection of scientific papers of the III All-Russian Symposium of Stoneplant. Chelyabinsk. (In Russian, English abstract).
Abstract
Gasymov, F.M., & Utochkin, G.M. (2019). The difficulties of introducing apricot. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 46-54. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10208 (In Russian, English abstract).
The productivity of apricot plantations in the Urals is limited by the irregularity of fruiting due to the low winter hardiness of the fruit buds of most of the introduced varieties. The long-term attempts to introduce apricot varieties from regions more favorable for the growth of this crop have not been successful, and the territories, in which due to the special microclimatic conditions the introduced varieties of apricot can be cultivated, are too small. Therefore, it is not necessary to talk about the massive introduction of apricot based on introduced varieties in the Chelyabinsk region. There is an acute need for breeding of Chelyabinsk apricot varieties, which are maximally adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. But these varieties, which are based on the Manchu apricot, also have disadvantages. They have a short period of deep dormancy, and are characterized by an early flowering period. Thus, in the Urals, these varieties often fall under the negative impact of spring return frosts, which leads to their unstable fruiting. As a result of the work done to create a breeding material with the greatest adaptability to the main biotic and abiotic environmental factors, promising hybrids based on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) for further breeding work were distinguished, which are characterized by slow development and late flowering, good yield and high-quality fruits.
References
1. Dzhigadlo, E.N., Kolesnikova, A.F., Eremin, G.V., Morozova, T.V., Debiskaeva, S.Y., Kanshina, M.V., Kanshina, M.V., Medvedeva, N.I., & Simagin, V.S. (1999). Stone fruit crops. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 300–351). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
2. Gasymov, F.M. (2005). Introduction to the culture of Manchurian apricot in the Urals region (Agri. Sci. Cand. Thesis). Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Russia. (In Russian).
3. Gasymov, F.M. (2018). The effect of abiotic factors on apricot yield in the Southern Urals. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding, 179(4), 149-155. (In Russian, English abstract.) https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2018-4-149-155.
4. Avdeev, V.I., & Shmygaryova, V.V. (2008). Brief history and state of apricot culture in the Orenburg region. In Konyaevskie readings: collection of articles of the II All-Russian Scientific Practical Conference. (pp. 162-165). Ekaterinburg. (In Russian).
5. Eremeeva, T.V. (2007). Pre-Baikal Gardens (pp. 10-11). Irkutsk. (In Russian).
6. Kazmin, G.T. (2001). Khabarovsk apricots. Khabarovsk. Khabarovsk publishing house (In Russian).
7. Molchanov, V.A. (1992). Samara apricots (pp. 27-29). Samara: Samara publishing house. (In Russian).
8. Lobanov, G.A. (Ed.) (1973). Program and methods of variety trials of fruit, berry and nut crops. Michurinsk, VNIIS. (In Russian).
Abstract
Vorobyova, G.S. (2019). The results of the study of black currant varieties (Ribes Nigrum L., Grossulariaceae Dc.) in the botanical garden of the Udmurt state university, Izhevsk. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 55-62. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10209 (In Russian, English abstract).
Black currant is one of the most valuable berry crops, characterized by a high content of vitamins in berries (ascorbic acid, provitamin A (carotene), group B vitamins (B1; B2; B6; B9), E (tocopherol), K (phylloquinone), PP (nicotinic acid), P (citrine)), sugars, organic acids, micro and macro elements). In the laboratory of fruit and berry crops of the Botanical Garden of the Udmurt State University, in the 2005—2011 seasons, 46 black currant varieties (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae DC.) were studied, of which 12 varieties were selected with economically valuable traits: Nezhnost, Globus, Novinka, Romantika, Valovaya, Dobry Dzhin, Vasilisa, Slavyanka, Fortuna (Fortuna-19), Kavaler (Fortuna-4), Mushketyor (Fortuna-9), Dobrokhot (Fortuna-10). The publication presents and analyzes the main characteristics of the 12 black currant varieties we studied: yield, fruit weight, taste, winter hardiness, resistance to pests and diseases. For a set of positive qualities (winter hardiness, general condition, mass of berries), the varieties Dobry Dzhin, Vasilisa, Slavyanka, Kavaler, Fortuna and Mushketyor were selected. In terms of taste, the varieties Globus and Slavyanka received the highest marks (the latter variety in our study was used as a standard for assessing the taste of fruits). The following varieties were characterized by the highest stable yields over the years of research: Dobry Dzhin, Slavyanka, Mushketyor, Fortuna, Vasilisa. Some varieties (Romantika, Globus, Nezhnost) in the conditions of the Republic cannot realize their potential for productivity and commercial quality of berries, as they have a high degree (3 points) of damage by a bud mite and are affected by anthracnose; these varieties also show a strong damage to the leaves by American powdery mildew (3 points), which is the reason for a significant decrease in productivity.
References
1. Anonymous (1974). Agroclimatic resources of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Leningrad
2. Volodina, E.V. Currant (1983). Leningrad
3. Makarov, V.I. (2016). Agroclimatic resources of the Udmurt republic and their connection with cereal grains yield (evidence from Izhevsk hydrometeostation). Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences, 26 (3), 112-121. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Ogoltsova,T.P. (1992). Blackcurrant breeding – the past, present and future. Tula: Priokskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. (In Russian).
5. Pozdnyakov, A.D., & Vazyulya, A.G. (1990). Currant and gooseberry. Moscow
6. Knyazev, S.D. & Bayanova, L.V. (1999). Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 351-373). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
7. Severin, V.F., & Baykova, G.N. (1992). The potential productivity of black currants and the life of plantings in an industrial garden. In Scientific aspects of the improvement of the industrial technologies of berry crop cultivation : Sci. works of M.A. Lisavenko Research and Development Institute of Siberia Horticulture. (pp. 78-91). Novosibirsk. 1992. (In Russian).
8. Severin, V.F., Rybachuk, Ye.V., & Selezneva, I.V. (2011). Winter hardiness of the black currant generative organs and its yield. Bulletin of Altai state agricultural university, 10, 19-23. (In Russian).
9. Anonymous (1964). Reference book on the climate of the USSR. Air and soil temperature. Issue 29. Leningrad
10. Firsov, G.A., & Khmarin, A.G. (2016). Shifting of usda hardiness zones at north-western russia in conditions of climate warming. Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences, 26(3), 58-65. (In Russian, English abstract).
Abstract
Chebotok, E.M. (2019). Dobrokhot is a new variety of black currants. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 63-67. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10210 (In Russian, English abstract).
The improvement of the black currant assortment in the Middle Urals is carried out by creating winter-hardy, high-yielding, fruit-bearing varieties that are resistant to the most dangerous diseases and pests, with a high content of biologically active substances in the berries. The variety Dobrokhot is distinguished for its high adaptive properties to abiotic and biotic factors of the external environment, high taste qualities of berries, stable yield and large size of fruit. The article presents the morphological, biological and economic characteristics of the new black currant variety Dobrokhot selected at the Sverdlovsk horticulture breeding station. The shrub of the variety Dobrokhot is of middle size, medium-sprawling, the crown is of medium density. The shoots are medium, straight, hairless, light green, dull. The buds are medium, slightly pubescent. The duration of budding is average. The leaf is average, green. The flower is large, rounded. Early flowering. A brush is of medium length with a loose arrangement of berries. Berries are large (average weight is 1.6 g, maximum – 4 g), rounded, black. The taste is sweet-sour, in some years of dessert taste, without aroma, refreshing. The neck is closed. Average amount of seeds. The chemical composition of berries: soluble solids 19%; the amount of sugars 7.25%; titrated acidity 2.76%; ascorbic acid 327 mg/100g. Self-fertility up to 70%. Late maturity. The variety does not require special pruning, the rejuvenating pruning is desirable from 5 years of age in order to increase the period of productivity. Propagated by soft-wood cuttings and layers. The maximum yield of the Dobrokhot variety was 117.78 centner/ha. In 2018 Dobrokhot was transferred to the State variety testing.
References
1. Anonymous (2018). Codificator of Cultivars of Fruit-Berry Crops, Grape, Nut and Subtopic Plants Included into State Investigation of Crops in 2018. Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Knyazev, S.D. & Bayanova, L.V. (1999). Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 351-373). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Ogoltsova, T.P., & Kuminov, E.P. (1995). Blackcurrant breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods of selection fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 314-340). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
4. Shagina, T.V. (2005). Results of black currant selection. In Prospects for northern gardening at the present stage: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 166-171). Yekaterinburg: GU SSSS. (In Russian).
5. Shagina, T.V. (2008). The results of breeding black currant in the Middle Urals. In Konyaevskie reading: Proc. Sci. Conf. (pp. 269-271). Yekaterinburg: UrGSKHA. (In Russian).
Evaluation of raspberry varieties by economically valuable traits in the conditions of Bashkortostan
Abstract
Zaripova, V.M. (2019). Evaluation of raspberry varieties by economically valuable traits in the conditions of Bashkortostan. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 68-72. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10211 (In Russian, English abstract).
The article provides an assessment of the introduced raspberry varieties according to economically valuable traits in the conditions of the Pre-Urals of the forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The studies were carried out on the plot of primary study at the Kushnarenkovsky selection center of the BRIA UFIC RAS. The planting was established in autumn, 2011. The planting scheme was 3.0 × 1.0 m. The varieties of domestic breeding, including varieties of early ripening Ranniy Syurpriz, Novosibirskaya Rannyaya, Meteor, Solnyshko, Barnaulskaya; medium and late ripening Brigantina, Chelyabinskaya Krupnoplodnaya and Balzam were studied. Novost Kuzmina was taken as a standard for the varieties of early ripening; Nagrada – for the varieties of middle and late ripening. The variety studies were conducted from 2014 to 2018. The studies were carried out in accordance with the Programme and Techniques of Fruit, Berry and Nut Crops Variety Investigation. In the process of studying, it was found out that the varieties Solnyshko, Nagrada, Novosibirskaya Rannyaya, Novost Kuzmina are notable for good winter hardiness. The varieties Barnaulskaya, Meteor, Chelyabinskaya Krupnoplodnaya and Brigantina are characterized as medium resistant. Ranniy Syurpriz has weak winter hardiness. On average, over 5 years, the most large-fruited were the varieties: Barnaulskaia – 1.81 g, Balzam – 1.98 g and Chelyabinskaya Krupnoplodnaya – 2.01 g. As a result, high yields and good winter-hardiness, on average, for 5 years showed varieties Novosibirskaya Rannyaya (2.38 t/ha), Barnaulskaya (2.41 t/ha), Brigantina (2.49 t/ha), Chelyabinskaya Krupnoplodnaya ( 2.55 t/ha).
References
1. Andreeva, G.V. (2014). Assessment of new varieties and forms raspberry Sverdlovsk breeding station horticulture economically valuable traits. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 40(2), 54-59. (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Bogomolova, N.I. & Ozhereleva, Z.E. (2016). An adaption potential of red raspberry to damaging winter factors in the field and controlled conditions of Central Russia. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 4, 40-52. Retrieved from: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2016/4/46.pdf
3. Zhidyokhina, T.V. (2015). Industrial assortment of raspberry and its productivity in the Black-Earth region. Bulletin of KrasGAU, 10, 131-135. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Katinskaya, Y.K. (1968). Raspberry (pp. 5-16). Leningrad: Lenizdat. (In Russian).
5. Kazakov, I.V., Gruner, L.A., & Kichina, V.V. (1999). Raspberries, blackberries and their hybrids. In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (Eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 374–395). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
Abstract
Nevostrueva, E.Yu. (2019). Selection assessment of the original forms of strawberries for the economically valuable traits in the conditions of the Middle Urals. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 73-78. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10212 (In Russian, English abstract).
The article presents the results of a selection assessment for the main economic and valuable characteristics of 17 initial strawberry forms of various ecological and geographical origin. Over the study period, the overwintering conditions for the culture were characterized as relatively favorable unlike the vegetation periods, differing in their contrast from arid periods with elevated air temperatures (hydrothermal coefficient 0.61—1.16) to cool ones with excessive moisture (hydrothermal coefficient 1.65—1.97). According to the results of the records and observations, promising combinations of crossings were identified as a separate feature (winter hardiness – Viola × Marmolada, Amulet × Zefyr, Amulet × Marmolada, Solovushka × Polka, Solovushka × Zefyr, Solovushka × Marmolada (78.3–-93.5%) ; productivity - Corrado × Duet, Viola × Marmolada, Solovushka × Zefyr, Solovushka × Marmolada, Dukat × Pervoklassnitsa (72.7–-97.8%); large-fruited - Duet × Marmolada, Corrado × Duet, Dukat × Pervoklassnitsa, Altair × Duet , Solovushka × Totem (16.1—32.5%)); and on the complex of studied traits, which is the most valuable in terms of selection. The greatest number of seedlings combining in their genotype the main economic and valuable attributes at a high level was in the families of Dukat × Pervoklassnitsa and Duet × Marmolada (24.5—25.0%). By the number of selected seedlings in the families, the following combinations of crosses were distinguished: Solovushka × Totem and Solovushka × Dukat. The analysis of the assessment of the original forms revealed new sources of the main economically valuable traits for further breeding work: Duet, Solovushka, Amulet (as a maternal form); Marmolada, Totem (paternal forms).
References
1. Zubov, A.A. (2004). Theoretical principles of strawberry breeding (pp. 39-94). Michurinsk: VNIIGiSPR (In Russian).
2. Zubov, A.A., & Popova, I.V. (1995). Strawberry breeding. In E.N. Sedov (Ed.), Program and methods of selection fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 387-417). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
3. Nevostrueva, E.Yu. (2018). Influence of environmental conditions of the Middle Urals on the productivity of selected strawberry seedlings. Breeding and variety cultivation of fruit and berry crops, 5(1), 80-82. (In Russian, English abstract).
4. Fedorov, A.V. (1938). Agricultural Hydrometeorology. Leningrad–Moscow: Hidrometeoizdat (In Russian).
Abstract
Muravev, G.A. (2019). Adaptive assortment of fruit crops for south Central Siberia. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 79-84. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10213 (In Russian, English abstract).
The assortment of apples, pears, plums, apricots and cherries is presented for low-snow arid steppes of Eastern Siberia. The assortment was formed from local and introduced varieties and hybrids on the basis of their own breeding work and generalization of the experience of amateur gardeners. Local apple varieties Martianovskoe, Sinap Minusinsky, Minusinskoye Letneye, Yubileynoye Shevchenko, Alaya Zarya and Yesenia with a productivity of 8.0—18.6 t/ha exceed the standard by 16—40%, extend the period of consumption of fresh fruits to 5—6 months, have fruits with increased consumer qualities. Krasnoyarsk pear varieties Veselinka and Nevelishka (yield 10.0—14.5 t/ha, fruit weight up to 44 g, good taste) are noteworthy. 5 elite apricot genotypes with sufficient winter hardiness, resistance to drought, yield in favorable years to 6.2 t/ha, fruit weight of 15.7—21.5 g were allocated from our own hybrid fund. The first felt cherry variety Zorenka Minusinskaya and 5 elite cherry forms have been derived, which are winter hardy, productive (up to 12.7 t/ha and have middle size of fruits (3.6 g). Among the steppe cherry, the best results were observed in the Altai varieties: Altaiskaya Lastochka, Subbotinskaya, Zmeinogorskaya and Zhelannaya (yields 6.0—7.5 t/ha, fruit weight 2.6—3.2 g). Sand cherry VP-14-29 and Pyramidalnaya (yield up to 12.2 t/ha, fruit weight 2.2—2.8 g, good taste) are the promising ones. Plum varieties Poniklay, Peresvet, Chemalskaya, Pyramidalnaya and Krasnoschekaya (yield up to 22.7 t/ha, fruit 16—22g) have a complex of valuable features and are recommended for widespread cultivation in the region. With optimal agrotechnical support the cultivation of fruit crops is efficient, the level of profitability of fruit production can reach 70—80%, and planting material from 41% (cherry) to 216% (apricot).
References
1. Puchkin, I.A., & Kalinina I.P. (2006). Selection of fruit and berry crops in Siberia for resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. Selection for plant resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors: Proc. sci. conf. (pp. 59-71). Novosibirsk. (In Russian).
2. Muravyov, G.A., Skripochenko, A.F., Duskabilov, T.D., & Duskabilova, T.I. (2000). Selection and perspectives of apricot culture in the south of Krasnoyarsk territory. Horticulture and viticulture, 1, 22-23. (In Russian).
3. Kazmin, G.T. (1980). Collective and backyard garden in the Far East. Khabarovsk. (In Russian).
NURSERY AND HORTICULTURE
Abstract
Beklemyshev, S.I. (2019). Practical observation and apple cultivars breeding on dwarf rootstocks. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 85-90. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10214 (In Russian, English abstract).
The experience of cultivation of vegetatively-propagated rootstocks of weak and medium growth power is presented. In the experiment were used stocks: P60, 62-396, 57-545 and 54-118. For 8 years of growing clone apple rootstocks by intensive technology using an organic substrate, the nursery of the rootstocks functioned flawlessly – no freezing of the shoots was observed. The highest yield of the first-grade layers was observed for stock 62-396. The best workability during innoculations is also in stock 62-396 since its wood is softer. A well-developed, fibrous root system of seedlings was noted on low-growing rootstocks growing in the zone of enzymatic decomposition – a layer of mulching organic matter. Grafting on a low-growing stock ensured the entry into fruiting of the varieties Anis Sverdlovskiy, Gorny Sinap, Rodnikovaya, Seman, Uralskoe Nalivnoe, Dachnaya, Otlichnik and Toropyzhka in the 2nd year after planting to a permanent place. The harvest of the Uralskoe Bolshoe, Danila, Altayskiy Golubok, Danilova and many others, increased without the manifestation of the periodicity of fruiting. On the example of the Symphonia, Altayskiy Golubok, Iset Belaya, Ranneye Uktusa and Sverdlovchanin, an increase in the mass of fruits was noted. Winter-hardy varieties with economically valuable traits for the western Ural zone are pre-allocated.
References
1. Grigorieva, L.V., & Mukhanin I.V. (Eds.) (2007). Intensive technology of horizontal layers of apple clonal rootstock using organic substrate. Recommendations. Michurinsk.: ARSRIH named I.V. Michourin. (In Russian).
2. Kotov, L.A., & Makarova T.A. (Eds.) (2011). Cultivars and technology of fruits, berries, and ornamental plants for use in Ural. Ekaterinburg. (In Russian).
Abstract
Merezhko, Î.Å. (2019). The effect of biological preporations on the growth processes of apple seedlings. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 91-96. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10215 (In Russian, English abstract).
The article presents three-year data on the study of the influence of biological preporations on the growth processes of apple seedlings with a closed root system. The experiment was conducted at the FSUE «Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of the All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery». One of the real ways to reduce the negative impact on the agro coenosis is the use of plant growth bioregulators. Using growth regulators, you can speed up the rooting of cuttings and increase plant growth. At the same time, the issue of changing the adaptive potential of different genotypes under the influence of plant growth regulators is very important, which became one of the objectives of this study. Preparations of a new generation have a wide range of biological effects, adaptogenic, antioxidant properties, and are environmentally safe. They are characterized by high efficiency and usability. In our studies on the characteristics of the use of biologics, the preparations Samorod and Mival-Agro were used, and water was used as a control. Zoned and promising apple varieties of the winter period of ripening - Isetskoe Pozdnee, Podarok Orenburzhy, Pamiat Voinu and Persiyanka were studied. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the research conducted on testing of Mival-Agro growth stimulator and bio-fertilizer Samorod on the winter inoculation under controlled conditions of a heated greenhouse during the years of research, the effectiveness of the use of the preparation «Samorod» was determined. When treating with bio-fertilizer, apple varieties had the highest rate of shoot growth and ranged from 33.6 cm (Isetskoe Pozdnee) to 39.5 cm (Podarok Orenburzhy).
The article presents three-year data on the study of the influence of biological preporations on the growth processes of apple seedlings with a closed root system. The experiment was conducted at the FSUE «Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of the All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery». One of the real ways to reduce the negative impact on the agro coenosis is the use of plant growth bioregulators. Using growth regulators, you can speed up the rooting of cuttings and increase plant growth. At the same time, the issue of changing the adaptive potential of different genotypes under the influence of plant growth regulators is very important, which became one of the objectives of this study. Preparations of a new generation have a wide range of biological effects, adaptogenic, antioxidant properties, and are environmentally safe. They are characterized by high efficiency and usability. In our studies on the characteristics of the use of biologics, the preparations Samorod and Mival-Agro were used, and water was used as a control. Zoned and promising apple varieties of the winter period of ripening - Isetskoe Pozdnee, Podarok Orenburzhy, Pamiat Voinu and Persiyanka were studied. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the research conducted on testing of Mival-Agro growth stimulator and bio-fertilizer Samorod on the winter inoculation under controlled conditions of a heated greenhouse during the years of research, the effectiveness of the use of the preparation «Samorod» was determined. When treating with bio-fertilizer, apple varieties had the highest rate of shoot growth and ranged from 33.6 cm (Isetskoe Pozdnee) to 39.5 cm (Podarok Orenburzhy).
References
1. Vakulenko, V.V. (2004). Growth regulators. Protection and quarantine of plants, 1, 24-28. (In Russian).
2. Dospehov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the Field Experiment (with statistic processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
3. Merezhko, O.E. (2013). Biological and economically-valuable varieties of Apple breeding Orenburg experimental station of horticulture and viticulture. In Condition, perspectives of horticulture and viticulture of the Ural-Volga region and adjacent territories: materials of the international jubilee collection of scientific articles dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Orenburg Experimental Horticulture Station and viticulture (ðp. 174-179). Orenburg: Printed courtyard. (In Russian).
4. Merezhko, O.E., Mursalimova, G.R., & Tichonova, M.A. (2017). Ecological and biological adaptation of apple varieties in the Southern Urals. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia, 51, 175-177. (In Russian, English abstract)
5. Sedov, E.N., Kalinina I.P., & Smykov, V.K. (1995). Apple breeding. In E.N. Sedov (ed.) Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding (pp. 159–200). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
6. Lobanov, G.A. (Ed.) (1973). Program and methods of variety trials of fruit, berry and nut crops. Michurinsk, VNIIS. (In Russian).
7. Sedov, E.N., Krasova, N.G., Zhdanov, V.V., Dolmatov, E.A. & Mozhar, N.V. (1999). Pip crops (apple, pear, common quince). In E.N. Sedov & T.P. Ogoltsova (eds.), Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops (pp. 253–300). Orel: VNIISPK. (In Russian).
8. Prusakova, L.D., Malevannaya, N.N., Belopukhov, S.L., & Vakulenko, V.V. (2005). Plant growth regulators with antistress and immunoprotecting properties. Agrochemistry, 11, 76-86. (In Russian, English abstract).
9. Carpenter, W.J., Rodriquez, R.C., & Carlson, W.H. Growth (1971). Regulator induced branching of non-pinched poinsettias. HortScience, 6, 457-458.
Abstract
Samarina, O.V., Galimov, V.R., & Ufimtseva, L.V. (2019). The influence of stimulants of rhizogenesis on rooting of soft-wood cherry cuttings. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 97-104. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10216 (In Russian, English abstract).
The paper presents the results of the study of the effect of rhizogenesis stimulants Kornevin, Zircon and Ribav-Extra on the rooting of soft-wood cuttings of Maak cherries (Prunus maackii Rupr.) and ordinary cherry (Prunus fruticosa Pall) variety Ashinskaya. Maaka cherry is the object of breeding research, which is used as a starting material for the production of varieties with high winter hardiness and resistance to coccomycosis or as a rootstock for sour cherries and sweet cherries. Ashinskaya cherry is grown as a cultivated plant to obtain fruits that have a high tasting assessment, though for their valuable economic characteristics – winter hardiness and resistance to coccomicosis it can be used as a stock along with Maak cherry. The advantage of soft-wood cuttings over other methods of vegetative propagation is that you can get the maximum yield of rooted plants that retain all the characteristics of the mother plant and have a long life. Cuttings of Maak and Ashinskaya cherries belong to easily rooting ones and can give up to 94% of rooted plants. The studies were conducted from 2016 to 2018 on the basis of the South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato. During the reproduction of Maak cherry and Ashinskaya cherry, the effect of rhizogenesis stimulators on the rooting processes and the number of rooted plants was determined. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the studied drugs was carried out according to the indicators: the average number of main roots, the average length of the root system and the rooting rate of the cuttings. To determine the effectiveness of drugs, the indicators of the studied variants were compared with the control variant. With the help of statistical processing of research results, the differences between the variants of the experiment were identified.
The paper presents the results of the study of the effect of rhizogenesis stimulants Kornevin, Zircon and Ribav-Extra on the rooting of soft-wood cuttings of Maak cherries (Prunus maackii Rupr.) and ordinary cherry (Prunus fruticosa Pall) variety Ashinskaya. Maaka cherry is the object of breeding research, which is used as a starting material for the production of varieties with high winter hardiness and resistance to coccomycosis or as a rootstock for sour cherries and sweet cherries. Ashinskaya cherry is grown as a cultivated plant to obtain fruits that have a high tasting assessment, though for their valuable economic characteristics – winter hardiness and resistance to coccomicosis it can be used as a stock along with Maak cherry. The advantage of soft-wood cuttings over other methods of vegetative propagation is that you can get the maximum yield of rooted plants that retain all the characteristics of the mother plant and have a long life. Cuttings of Maak and Ashinskaya cherries belong to easily rooting ones and can give up to 94% of rooted plants. The studies were conducted from 2016 to 2018 on the basis of the South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato. During the reproduction of Maak cherry and Ashinskaya cherry, the effect of rhizogenesis stimulators on the rooting processes and the number of rooted plants was determined. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the studied drugs was carried out according to the indicators: the average number of main roots, the average length of the root system and the rooting rate of the cuttings. To determine the effectiveness of drugs, the indicators of the studied variants were compared with the control variant. With the help of statistical processing of research results, the differences between the variants of the experiment were identified.
References
1. Galimov, V.R. (2015). Propagation by green cuttings of cherry in the conditions of artificial fog. Northern cherry: III all-Russian Symposium for Bone Scientists. (pp 158-161). Chelyabinsk: Limited Liability Company Research and Production Association «Yard and garden», FSBSI «South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato». (In Russian, English abstract).
2. Galimov, V.R., Glaz, N.V. (2017). Working out the methods for propagation by softwood cuttings of Cerasus Vulgaris and Cerasus Maackii in Chelyabinsk region. Subtropical and ornamental plants, 60, 72-76. (In Russian, English abstract).
3. Glaz, N.V., Galimov, V.R., Ufimtseva, L.V., Vasilev, A.A., Gasymov, F.M.O., Lezin, M.S., Samarina, O.V., Isakova, M.G. & Slepneva, T.N. (2018). Technology of production of cherry planting material in the South Urals. N.V. Glaz (Ed.). Ekaterinburg: FSBSI UrFASRC, UrB of RAS. (In Russian).
4. Duskabilova, T.I., Duskabilov, T.T., & Muravyov, G.A. (2009). Breed of stone fruit: features of reproduction in Siberia. Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science. (In Russian).
5. McMillan Brouz, F. (1992). Plant reproduction. Moscow: World. (In Russian).
6. Pavlova, A.Y., Dzhura, N.Y., & Golovin, S.E. (2018). The use of various methods of statistical analysis to predict the development of the root system in green cuttings of clonal rootstocks of fruit crops. In Urgent questions of horticulture and potato growing: Compilation of works of the international distance sci.-prac. conf. (pp.139-147). Chelyabinsk: FSBSI «South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato». (In Russian).
7. Polikarpova, F.Ya., & Pilyugina, V.V. (1991). Growing of planting material by means of softwood cuttings. Moscow, Rosgropromizdat. (In Russian).
8. Vasilev, A.A. (Ed.). (2018). Pomology of varieties of berry, vegetable and potato breeding of the South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato. Chelyabinsk: FSBSI «South Ural Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato». (In Russian).
9. Subbotin, G.I. (2002). Cherries in the Southern Siberia. Barnaul: Altay University (In Russian).
10. Yushev, A.A., & Orlova, S.Y. (2013). The book about cherry. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk printing house. (In Russian).
Abstract
Suchkova, S.A., & Abzaltdenov, T.Z. (2019). Features of blue honeysuckle propagation by hardwood cuttings in the Tomsk region. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 105-110. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10217 (In Russian, English abstract).
Among the berry crops of Siberia, honeysuckle (Lonicera caeruleae) is one of the most valuable in its content of vitamins and biologically active substances. The demand for high-quality seedlings of zoned varieties of this crop for planting industrial plantations and amateur gardening increases annually. Growing planting material is largely provided by vegetative propagation by cuttings. Under the conditions of the Tomsk region, rooting of honeysuckle varieties with softwood cuttings averages 65.3—86.8%. Growth regulators positively affect the rooting rate of cuttings, improve their development and overwintering. The development of the aerial part and root system of seedlings depends on the varietal characteristics of honeysuckle. With this method of reproduction, significant progress has been achieved, but at the same time many questions remain relevant concerning the factors of endogenous and exogenous regulation of regenerative activity, adaptation mechanisms, features of honeysuckle growth and development. Study of the biological characteristics of honeysuckle in connection with the formation of adventitious roots on the cuttings will increase rooting and accelerate the development of the difficult rooting varieties. The article presents the results of the research of the reproduction of honeysuckle varieties by hardwood cuttings. A positive reaction of honeysuckle varieties on the pre-planting treatment of hardwood cuttings by Kornevin was revealed. The yield of rooted cuttings increased by 21.1—40.1% compared with the control. An increase in the total length of the aerial part of the cuttings was noted from 44.3 to 72.9% and the total length of the roots from 38.2 to 57.9%. Fertilizing the cuttings with Fertika increases the content of chlorophylls in the honeysuckle leaves from 10.5 to 91.0% and the nitrogen balance index from 19.8 to 98.2%.
References
1. Bopp, V.L., & Kuprina, M.N. (2018). Scientific basis of reproduction of red currant and sea buckthorn hardwood cuttings in the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. (In Russian).
2. Dospehov, B.A. (1985). Methods of the Field Experiment (with statistic processing of investigation results). Moscow: Agropromizdat. (In Russian).
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Abstract
Evtushenko, N.S., & Shamanskaya, L.D. (2019). Dangerous blue honeysuckle insects-pests in the Ural-Siberian region of Russia. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture, 2, 111-121. https://www.doi.org/10.24411/2312-6701-2019-10218 (In Russian, English abstract).
The article is devoted to the review of the most harmful phytophages of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L., Caprifoliaceae), found in the cultivation of the culture in the Ural-Siberian region of the Russian Federation.They include: Agrilus coeruleus Rossi, Phenacoccus aceris Sign., Parthenolecanium corni Bouche, Tortricidae (the species is not determined), Hyadaphis tataricae Aiz., Rhopalosiphoninus lonicerae Sieb., Rhagoletis cerasi L. and Tetranychus urticae Koch. A short description is given of the biology of phytophages of honeysuckle as well as weather conditions conducive to their development and distribution. Agrilus coeruleus has a two-year life cycle. The main harm is done by the larvae. They gnaw out passages in the wood and the core of the branches. As a result, the branches dry out. Agrilus coeruleus can spread with planting material, because in the first year the signs of damage are not visible. The harmfulness is high. Phenacoccus aceris is rare and only in years with excessive moisture. Extremely dangerous. Hyadaphis tataricae and Rhopalosiphoninus lonicerae reduce productivity and inhibit the plant.The harmfulness of aphids is also in the spread of viruses. There was no damage to the varieties and forms from Hyadaphis tataricae in: Goluboye Vereteno, Lenita, Volshebnitsa, Ognenny Opal, Lakomka, Sineglazka, Selena, Kamchadalka, Roksana, 675-6, 675-59. Honeysuckle varieties Desertnaya, Solovey and Slavyanka were resistant to both types of aphids. Parthenolecanium corni has a threat to young plants. It has natural enemies. Tortricidae can cause significant damage to various garden crops and requires special control. Rhagoletis cerasi is widespread in Altai. Extremely harmful. It feeds inside the berries. Tetranychus urticae inhibits plants in temperate continental climates. In conditions of protected soil it can cause the plants to die.
References
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