This publication briefly describes features of the most severe winters. Data on winter hardiness of local apple varieties are given. It has been observed that annual and perennial apple wood freezes in the most severe winters, there is physiological crown desiccation and frost-cracks appear. The generative buds of Buryat apple varieties have high winter hardiness and regenerative ability providing annual fruit-bearing. Podarok BAMu and Lydia are the most winter-hardy varieties.

2. Dubrovskaya L.I. (1959): Apple in Buryat ASSR. Sad i ogorod [Orchard and Vegetable Garden], 10: 38-42. (in Russian).

3. Dubrovskaya L.I. (1965, 1967): Scientific reports on apple breeding and variety investigation. Ulan-Ude

4. Dubrovskaya L.I. (1973): Apple variety investigation and breeding at Buryat Fruit and Berry Station. In: Horticulture of East Siberia. Krasnoyarsk, 21-30. (in Russian).

Apple cultivars with the best biochemical composition have been singled out as a result of a long-term study of 55 apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding. The characteristics of the cultivars are given on the content of soluble dry substances, sum of sugars, organic (titrate) acids, ascorbic acid, phenol compounds and sugar-acid index. According to the accumulation of soluble dry substances (over 13%) and sum of sugars (over 10,5%) the following cultivars have been noted: Blagodat’, Bordovoye, Veniaminovskoye, Viatich, Dariona, Ivanovskoye, Kurnakovskoye, Nizkorosloye, Olimpiyskoye, Orlik, Orlovskoaya Zaria, Pamyat’ Voinu, Spasskoye, Start, Stroevskoye and Utrennya Zvezda. Candil’ Orlovsky, Kurnakovskoye, Rozhdestvenskoye, Orlovsky Pioner, Zdorovie, Pamyati Khitrovo, Bolotovskoye and Slavianin have been noted in pectin accumulation (over 12,0% per dry mass); in ascorbic acid (over 19 mg/100 g) – Veteran, Vita, Ivanovskoye; in P-active catechins (over 200 mg/100 g) – Viatich, Zarianka, Imrus, Candil’ Orlovsky, Orlovsky Pioner, Pamiat’ Semakinu, Utrennya Zvezda and Chistotel. These cultivars are of interest as sources for use in further breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruit.

1. Methods of biochemical research of plants (1987): Ermakov A.I. et al. (ed.). Agropromizdat, Leningrad.

2. Complex program on pip crop breeding in Russia for 2001…2020 (2001): VNIISPK, Orel.

3. Sedov E.N., Kalinina I.P., Smykov V.K.  (1995): Apple breeding. In: Sedov E.N. (ed.) Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. VNIISPK, Orel, 159-200. (in Russian).

4. Studying of a chemical composition and technological properties of fruit and berries (1973): In: Lobanov G.A. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. VNIIS, Michurinsk, 251-290. (in Russian).

5. Sedova Z.A., Leonchenko V.G., Astakhov A.I. (1999): Cultivar assessment on biochemical composition of fruits. In: Sedov E.N., Ogol‘tsova T.P. (ed.): Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 160-167. (in Russian).

6. Sedov E.N., Makarkina M.A., Levgerova N.S. (2007): Biochemical and technological characteristics of apple fruit. VNIISPK, Orel.

The infection of a range of ornamental apple and pear varieties by basic diseases were estimated under climate conditions in 2013 and 2014 in Orel district. Among studied apple genotypes there were singled out 12 varieties mostly resistant to Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., 13 – to Phyllosticta mali Pr. et Del. and 8 – to Sphaeropsis malorum Peck. Three pear selections showed high resistance to Gymnosporangium Sabinae (Dicks.), four selections were resistant to Coryneum follicola Fuck. and six pear selections demonstrated resistance to Septoria piricola Desm. Two apple selections showed a combined resistance to Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., Phyllosticta mali Pr. et Del. and Sphaeropsis malorum Peck. Two pear selections demonstrated a combined resistance to Gymnosporangium Sabinae (Dicks.), Coryneum follicola Fuck. and Septoria piricola Desm. Ten apple selections and two pear selections had a combined resistance to two pathogens. The selected genotypes can serve as sources of resistance to diseases in breeding and can be used in ecologically safe landscapes of the region. A noticeable effect of spring and summer meteorological conditions during the studied years on a degree of pathogen infection of ornamental selections was observed.

1. Bandurko I.A., Semenova L.G., Titova L.C. (2001): Approach to the question of pear resistance to a number of fungal diseases in the Adygei Republic. In: Proc. Conf., Maikop, 12-13. (in Russian).

2. Barsukova O.N., Tuz A.S. (1981): Scab resistance of pear species and cultivars. Mikologiia i fitopatologiia [Mycology and Plant Pathology], 15(3): 223-229. (in Russian).

3. Dementeva M.I. (1962): Fruit crop diseases. Selkhozizdat, Moscow. (in Russian).

4. Dobrozrakova T.L. (1974): Agricultural phytopathology. Kolos, Leningrad. (in Russian).

5. Popova M.P., Soboleva V.P. (1951): Pests and diseases of fruit and berry crops. Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstvo selskokhoziaistvennoi literatury, Moscow. (in Russian).

6. Zhdanov V.V. (1999): Pest and disease resistance investigation relative to the adaptation to the environment In: Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.): Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 102-113. (in Russian).

7. Savkovskii P.P. (1976): Atlas of fruit and berry pests. Urozhai, Krasnodar. (in Russian).

8. Sedov E.N. (2011): Breeding and new apple cultivars. VNIISPK, Orel, 166-192. (in Russian).

9. Treivas L.Yu. (2007): We protect a fruit orchard from diseases and pests. CJSC “Fiton+”, Moscow. (in Russian).

The results of the primary research of 9 gooseberry hybrids are presented. The sources of high levels of economically useful traits have been revealed for the fur ther use in breeding:

- high winter hardiness – 94-2-2, 91-1-10, 91-1-14, 4-16, 02-3-120, 3-58;

- weak prickly shoots – 94-2-2, 2-51;

- early ripening – 4-16, 02-3-120;

- late ripening – 91-1-10, 91-1-14;

- resistance to American powdery mildew – 02-3-120, 91-1-10, 91-1-14;

- productivity – 02-3-120, 4-16;

- large fruits – 02-3-120.

- improved chemical composition (a high content of soluble solids, sugars, pectin substances, phenolic compounds) – 91-1-10, 91-1-14.

02-3-120 hybrid has been isolated with a complex of trials, it is characterized by early ripening, high winter hardiness, yield (10 t/ha), large fruits (average berryweight 4,2 g), relative resistance to the American powdery mildew, suitability for machine harvesting. In 2013 a hybrid 02-3-120 called Kryzhachok was transferred to the State Cultivar Trial

1. Sergeeva K.D. (1975):  Breeding of powdery mildew resistant and thornless varieties of gooseberries In: Coll. Proc. VNIIS them. I. V. Michurina. Michurinsk, 89-94. (in Russian).

2. Andrushkevich T.M., Matveev V.A. (2013): Inheritance of bush height trait in hybrid gooseberry breed. News of Nat. Acad. of Sciences of Belarus. Ser. agric. sciences, 3: 45-51. (in Russian).

3. The current state of crop currants and gooseberries (2007): Trunov Yu.V (ed.). VNIIS them. I. V. Michurina. Michurinsk. (in Russian).

4. Ilyin V.S. (2001): The results of the breeding of gooseberry in Russia In: Coll. Proc. Breeding. Biology. Farming equipment fruit-berries crops and potatoes Vol. 5. ChGAU, Chelyabinsk, 43-56. (in Russian).

5. Popova I.V. (2007): Breeding of gooseberry in Moscow In: The current state of crop currants and gooseberries: coll. scient. pap. VNIIS them. I.V. Michurina, Michurinsk, 132-141. (in Russian).

6. Ilyin V.S. (2007): The results of years of research on the breeding of currants and gooseberries in the Southern Urals In: The current state of crop currants and gooseberries: coll. scient. pap. VNIIS them. I.V. Michurina, Michurinsk, 66-80. (in Russian).

7. Koveshnikova E.Y. (2001): Results and prospects of research with gooseberries in VNIIS them. I.V. Michurina. In:  Main results and perspectives of research VNIIS them. I.V. Michurina (1931-2001): coll. scient. pap. Publishing house TGTU, Tambov, 58-65. (in Russian).

8. Koveshnikova E.Y. (2001): Prospects for industrial production of fruits gooseberry. Horticulture and viticulture, 3: 24-27. (in Russian).

9. Koveshnikova E.Y. (2004): Biological features gooseberry varieties due to mechanized harvesting. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo rossii [Fruit and berry-culture of Russia], 11: 411-420. (in Russian).

10. Knyazev S.D., Bayanova L.V. (1999): Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In: Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut cropsю VNIISPK, Orel, 351-373. (in Russian).

11. Study of the stability of fruit, berry and ornamental crops to diseases: method. decree (1972): VIR them. N.I. Vavilov, Leningrad, 70-75. (in Russian).

12. Wide unified classifier kind Grossularia (Tourn) Mill. Gooseberry. (1994): VIR them. N.I. Vavilov, St.-Petersburg. (in Russian).

The systematic hybridization with the use of target gooseberry crossings with Grossularia robusta has been carried out at the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding since 2001. The investigations and observations performed over the remote hybrids showed that Grossularia robusta and its progeny favour the development of gooseberry varieties with high environmental resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.

1.    Popova I.V. (1985): Goosberries. Agropromizdat, Moscow. (in Russian).

2.    Practical work on plant physiology (1990): Tretyakov N.N., Karnaukhova T.V., Panichkin L.A. (ed.).  Agropromizdat, Moscow. (in Russian).

3.    Popova I.V., Sergeeva K.D. (1995): Gooseberry breeding. In: Sedov E.N. (ed.) Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. VNIISPK, Orel, 355-367. (in Russian).

4.    Knyazev S.D., Bayanova L.V. (1999): Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In: Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut cropsю VNIISPK, Orel, 351-373. (in Russian).

5.    Sergeeva K.D. (1989): Goosberries. Agropromizdat, Moscow. (in Russian).

6.    Tyurina M.M. (1978): Rapid estimation of fruit and berry crop winter hardiness. VASKhNIL, Miscow. (in Russian).

This publication a morphological description, economic and biological characteristics of a new Belarusian gooseberry cultivar “Kryzhachok”, developed in the RUE «Institute for Fruit Growing» (Belarus) from the free pollination of the cultivar «Carpaty».

Cultivar “Kryzhachok” is characterized by early ripening, high winter hardiness, high productivity (10 t/ha – average productivity for the research years), high marketable qualitiesof berries (fresh berries tasting score of 4,4, an average weight of 4,2 g). The new cultivar is suitable for freezing fresh berries and for freezing berries in syrup, for making juice, stewed fruit, nectar with pulp and pulp-free nectar, and berries mashed with sugar. It is relatively resistant to American powdery mildew, suitable for machine harvesting. The level of profitability of the new variety is 191,8 %, the payback period is 2,9 harvests.

This cultivar was transferred to the State Cultivar Trial of the Republic of Belarus in 2013.

1.    http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor. – (accessed November 29, 2013).

2.    Nosecka B. (2008): The situation on the Polish market berry fruit and forecasts for the coming years. In: Proc. Nat. Conf.  Innovations in the cultivation of berry bushes. Instytut Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa, Skierniewice, 5-18. (in Polish).

3.    Dynamics of gooseberry exports from Poland. Available at http://polpred.com/?ns=1&ns_id=245800 (accessed March 12, 2013). (in Russian).

4.    Yakimenko O.F., Novopokrovskiy V.S. (1988): Evaluation and selection of black currant varieties for machine harvest: the method. recommendations. VNIIS them. I. V. Michurina. Michurinsk. (in Russian).

5.    Koveshnikova E.Y. (2001): Prospects for industrial production of fruits gooseberry. Horticulture and viticulture, 3: 24-27. (in Russian).

6. Koveshnikova E.Y. (2004): Biological features gooseberry varieties due to mechanized harvesting. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo rossii [Fruit and berry-culture of Russia], 11: 411-420. (in Russian).

7.    Gwozdecki J., Kozinski B. (2008): New varieties of currants and gooseberries. In: Proc. Nat. Conf.  Innovations in the cultivation of berry bushes. Instytut Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa, Skierniewice, 34-39. (in Polish).

8.    Radziewicz J. (2010): Cultivation of gooseberries in Poland. Rolniczy magazyn elektroniczny, 39:  Available at http://www.cbr.edu.pl/rme-archiwum/2010/rme39/dane/7_2.html (accessed December 3, 2013). (in Polish).

9.    Cultivation recommendations for fruit growing in Baden: issue 2011/2012. (2010): Available at: https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/view/5438746/anbauempfehlungen-fur-den-obstbau-in-baden. (accessed December 3, 2013). (in German).

10.    Knyazev S.D., Bayanova L.V. (1999): Currants, gooseberries and their hybrids. In: Sedov E.N., Ogoltsova T.P. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut cropsю VNIISPK, Orel, 351-373. (in Russian).

The dynamics of blackberry shoot growth of the current year was studied in the conditions of Orel region of Russia in 2013…2014. The objects of study were blackberry varieties and selections with erect shoots (Agawam, Erie), trailing shoots (Thornfree) and semi-trailing shoots (seedling of Black Satin cultivar). Dates of the vegetation beginning and shoot appearing above the soil at the beginning of growth were recorded. Shoot increments were started to be gauged when they reached the length of 40…50 sm and then their length was measured once a decade. Shoot increments were compared with sums of average daily temperatures and precipitations for the periods between the dates of shoot measuring.

1. Gruner L.A. (2014): Blackberries. In: Sedov E.N. Gruner L.A. (ed.) Pomology. Strawberries. Raspberries. Nut and rare crops, Vol. 5. VNIISPK, Orel, 300-308. (in Russian).

2. Gruner L.A. (1992): Biology features and economic value blackberry cultivars and selections in conditions of the North Caucasus. [Agr. Sci. Cand. Thesis]. N.I.Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, Saint Petersburg.

3. Zakharova M.V. (2002): Characteristics of blackberry culture in the North-West Caucasus. [Agr. Sci. Cand. Thesis]. Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar.

4. Kazakov I.V., Kichina V.V., Gruner L.A. (1999): Raspberries, blackberries and their hybrids. In: Sedov E.N. (ed.) Program and methods of variety investigation of fruit, berry and nut crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 383-385.

5. Strik B.C., Finn C.E. (2012): Blackberry Productions Systems – a Worldwide Perspective. In: Proc. International Rubus and Ribes Symposium. Available at http://www.actahort.org/books/946/946_56.htm. (accessed November 12, 2014).

6. Finn C.E, Strik B.C. Blackberry Cultivars for Oregon. Available at http://berrygrape.org/files/caneberries/blackberry_cultivars.pdf. (accessed November 10, 2014).

High temperature stress effect on the general activity of peroxidase in bark and leaf tissues of annual apple shoots has been investigated. Weaker activity in terms of extinction of enzyme system in the leaves compared to these parameters in the bark tissues of shoots was determined during the summer period. Its maximum increase (12…19 times) was observed in leaves under the conditions of hard hyperthermia and drought (early July). A level of enzyme activity under artificially modeled stress impacts depended upon an apple variety. The obtained results pointed out the peroxidase involving in response to high temperature and drought effect, therefore this enzyme system may serve as an additional diagnostic index of fruit plant resistance to the above mentioned abiotic stresses.

1. Andreeva V.A. (1988): Peroxidase enzyme. Participation in the plant protective mechanism. Nauka, Moscow.

2. Biryuk E.N. (2002): Peroxidase: its functions and role in plant organisms. In: Coll. Proc. Fruit growing Vol. 14. RUE “Institute for Fruit Growing”, Samokhvalovichi, 151-180. (in Russian).

3. Veselov V.A., Veselova T.A. (1997): Stress and adaptation. Nauka, Moscow. (in Russian).

4. Gazaryan I.G. (1992): Peroxidase of plants. In: Results of science and engineering. VINITI, Moscow, 4-28. (in Russian).

5. Golyshkina L.V. (2007): Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of protein systems of fruit crops. In: Breeding and variety investigation of horticultural crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 56-63. (in Russian).

6. Golyshkina L.V., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. (2010): Use of some physiological and biochemical indications in winter hardiness diagnostics of apples from VNIISPK collection. In: Proc Int. Conf. The development of I.V. Michurins heritage on genetics and breeding of fruit crops. XXII Michurinskie readings. VNIIGISPR, Michurinsk, 99-104. (in Russian).

7. Gudkovskij V.A., Kashirskaja N.Ja., Cukanova E.M. (2005): Stress of fruit plants. Kvarta, Voronezh. (in Russian).

8. Methods of biochemical research of plants (1987): Ermakov A.I. et al. (ed.). Agropromizdat, Leningrad. (in Russian).

9. Kolupaev Yu.E., Karpec Yu.E. (2010): Formation of plant adaptive responses on abiotic stresses. Osnova, Kiev. (in Russian).

10. Koshkin E.I. (2010): Physiology resistance of agricultural crops: course. Drofa, Moscow. (in Russian).

11. Molecular-genetic and biochemical methods in up-to-date plant biology (2011): Kuznecov V.V., Romanov G.A. (ed.) Series: Methods in biology. Binom, Moscow, 360-361. (in Russian).

12. Savich I.M. (1989): Peroxidase are stress proteins of plants. Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 107 (3): 406-417. (in Russian).

13. Stalnaia I.D., Garishvili T.G. (1977):  Method of MDA determination with the help of thiobarbituric acid. In: Orekhovich V.I.  (ed.) Contemporary methods in biochemistry. Meditsina, Moscow, 66-67. (in Russian).

14. Udovenko G.V. (1979): Mechanisms of plant adaptation to stresses. Fiziologiia i biokhimiia kulturnykh rastenii, 11(2): 99-107. (in Russian).

15. Alscher R.G., Donahue J.L., Cramer C.L. (1997):  Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants: Relationships in Green Cells. Physiol. Plant, 100: 224-233.

16. Bartoli C.G., Simontacchi M., Tambussi E.A., Beltrano J., Montaldi E.R., Puntarulo S. (1999): Drought and Water-Dependent Oxidative Stress: Effect on Antioxidant Content in Triticum aestivum L. leaves. J. Exp. Bot., 50: 375-383.

17. Chaves M.M.,  Oliveira M.M. (2004):  Mechanisms Underlying Plant Resilience to Water Deficits: Prospects for Water-Saving Agriculture. J. Exp. Bot., 55: 2365-2384.

18. Foyer C.H., Noctor G. (2005): Redox Homeostasis and Antioxidant Signaling: A Metabolic Interface between Stress Perseption and Physiological Responses. Plant Cell., 17: 1866-1875.

19. Gulen H., Eris A. (2004): Effect of heat stress on peroxidase activity and total protein content in strawberry plants. Plants Sci., 3: 739-744.

20. Panchuk I., Volkov R., Schofft F. (2002): Heat stress- and heat shoch transcription factor-dependent exspression and activity of ascorbate peroxidase in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 129: 838-853.

The cultivation of blackberry cultivars with different types of growth has shown that the most suitable medium for micro clonal propagation of the majority of studied cultivars is Lee de Fossard medium while Murashige-Skooga and Gamborg media are better to use for the elongation. Erie has the highest propagation coefficient – 7.4, while Agawam has the lowest coefficient – 5.2. The potential of blackberry propagation is influenced by cultivar features, composition of nutrient media and dates of introduction in culture.

1.    Vysotskii V.A. (2011): Biotechnological methods in up-to-date gardening. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii [Fruit and berry growing of Russia], 26: 2-10. (in Russian).

2.    Gruner L.A. (2014): Blackberries. In: Pomology. Strawberries. Raspberries. Nut and rare crops, Vol. 5. VNIISPK, Orel, 300-308. (in Russian).

3.    Upadyshev M.T., Vysotskii V.A. (1990): Clonal micro propagation of blackberry and black raspberry. In: Proc. News in berry growing of Nechernozemie.  NIZISNP, Moscow, 57-65. (in Russian).

4.    Kukharchik N.V., Semenas N.V., Kolbanova S.E. (2002): Culture in vitro in fruit and berry plant propagation and improving from a health point of view. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Urgent problems of apply science advancements in industrial fruit growing.  RUE “Institute for Fruit Growing”, Samokhvalovichi, 107-113. (in Russian).

5.    Klokonos N.P. (2004): Clonal micro propagation of blackberries and honeysuckles and prospects of its applying in Kazakhstan. Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo [Horticulture and viticulture], 4: 14-16. (in Russian).

1.    Zhuchenko A.A. (1988): Adaptive potential of cultivated plants (ecological and genetic principles). Shtiintsa, Kishinev, 17-38; 482-485. (in Russian).

2.    Zaitsev G.N. (1973): Methods of biometric calculations (mathematic statistics in the experimental botany). Nauka, Moscow, 5-89; 132-213. (in Russian).

3.    Zakharov V.M., Baranov A.S., Borisov V.I., Valetskii A.V., Kriazheva N.G., Chistiakova E.K., Chubinishvili A.T. (2000):  Healthy media: estimation methods. Center for Russian Environmental Policy, Moscow, 27-41. (in Russian).

4.    Konstantinov E.L. (2001): Peculiarities of fluctuation asymmetry of a leaf blade of Betula pendula Roth. as a species-bioindicator. [biol. sci. cand. thesis]. K.E. Tsiolkovskii Kaluga State University, Kaluga. (in Russian).

5.    Marchenko S. I. (2005): Aesthetics and optimization of natural history. BGITA, Briansk. (in Russian).

6.    Kuznetsov M.N., Golyshkin L.V., Dolmatov E.A. (2009): Methodical instructions on the determination of fluctuation asymmetry of an apple leaf. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).

7.    Golyshkin L.V., Pavlenkova G.A. (2013): Ecological estimation of the environment influence on the condition of lilac in Orel Nechernozemie. In: Proc. I Int. conf. Nontraditional, new and forgotten plant species: scientific and practical aspects of cultivation. M.M. Gryshko NBG, Kiev, 249-252. (in Russian).

8.    Pavlenkova G.A., Golyshkin L.V. (2013): Estimation of the ecological condition of the environment in Orel and Orel district according to the values of fluctuation asymmetry of a lilac leaf. In: Proc. XVI Int. Conf. Fruit growing, seed raising, introduction of woody plants. Krasnoyarsk, 126-129. (in Russian).

9.    Pavlenkova G.A., Golyshkin L.V. (2014): Methodical instructions on the determination of fluctuation asymmetry of a lilac leaf (Syringa vulgaris L.). VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).

The research has been done under the financial support of RFBR (Project № 14-04-32113mol-a)

1.    Baklanov I.A., Seregin I.V., Ivanov V.B. (2009): Histochemical analysis of nickel distribution in the hyperaccumulator and excluder in the genus Alyssum L. Doklady Biological Sciences, 429(1): 548-550. (in Russian).

2.    Valeeva G.R. (2004): A role of individual factors in the formation of plant element composition. [Chem. Sci. Cand. Thesis]. V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin Kazan State University, Kazan. (in Russian).

3.    Vetrova O.A., Kuznetsov M.N., Leonicheva E.V., Motyleva S.M., Mertvishcheva M.E. (2014): Accumulation of heavy metals in strawberry plants grown in conditions of antropogennic pollution. Agricultural Biology, 5: 113-119. (in Russian).

4.    Voityuk E.A. (2011): Heavy metal accumulation in soil and plants in conditions of the urban environment (by way in Chita). [Biol. Sci. Cand. Thesis].  N. G. Chernyshevsky Trans-Baikal State University for Humanities and Pedagogics, Chita. (in Russian).

5.    Gromova V.S. (1995): The influence of continuous application of mineral fertilizers on the agroecological characteristics of apple orchard soil and fruit. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo rossii [Fruit and berry-culture of Russia], 2: 153-157. (in Russian).

6.    Karpova E.A. (2008): Mobile compounds of heavy metals in plough layers of soddy podzolic soils in conditions of the continuous fertilization. In: Ecological Agrochemistry [Ekologicheskaia agrokhimiia]. MGU, Moscow, 12-29. (in Russian).

7.    Kinzhaev R.R. (2004): The influence of durable fertilization on the condition of biogenic and toxic elements in agrophytocenosis on the soddy podzolic soils. [Biol. Sci. Cand. Thesis].  M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow. (in Russian).

8.    Koshkin E.I. (2010): Physiology of agricultural crop resistance: course. Drofa, Moscow. (in Russian).

9.    Kuznetsov M.N., Leonicheva E.V., Roeva T.A., Motyleva S.M., Leonteva L.I. (2010): Berry plant microelement composition formation under application of zeolite containing rock as a meliorant of soils polluted with heavy metals. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo [Contemporary Horticulture], 2: 39-43. (in Russian).

10.   Leonicheva E.V. Motyleva S.M., Kuznetsov M.N., Royeva T.A., Leontyeva L.I. (2010): Formation of microelement composition in berry plants in conditions of higher content of heavy metals in the soil. Selskokhozyaistvennaya biologiya [Agricultural biology] , 5: 31-34. (in Russian).

11.   Madzhugina Yu.G., Kuznetsov Vl.V., Shevyakova N.I. (2008): Plants inhabiting polygons for megapolis waste as promising species for phytoremediation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 55: 410-419. (in Russian).

12.    Mineev V.G., Lebedeva L.A., Arzamazova A.V. (2009): Aftereffect of Fertilizing Systems on the Barrier Functions of Barley Plants Grown on Soddy-Podzolic Soils Contaminated with Lead and Cadmium. Agrochemistry, 9: 60-68. (in Russian).

13.     Motyleva S.M., Sosnina M.V. (1996): Nickel accumulation by some fruit and berry crops. In: Breeding and variety cultivation of orchard crops. VNIISPK, Orel, 227. (in Russian).

14.     Motyleva S.M., Kuznetsov M.N. (2009): Methodical recommendations on Pb and Ni quantifying in fruit plant organs. VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).

15.     Motyleva S.M. (2000): Features of heavy metal content Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cu) in fruits, berries and rainfalls in connection with variety assessment for use in beeding. [Agr. Sci. Cand. Thesis]. Russian research institute for fruit crop breeding, Orel. (in Russian).

16.     Tentative allowable concentrations (TAC) of heavy metals and arsenic in soils (Addendum №1 to the list of MAC and TAC № 6229-91): Hygienic standards. HS 2.1.7.020-94 (1995): Publ. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, Moscow. (in Russian).

17.      List of MAC and TAC of chemical substances in soil. Special edition (1991): Publ. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, Moscow. (in Russian).

18.     Pomology. Strawberries. Raspberries. Nut and rare crops, Vol.5. (2014): VNIISPK, Orel. (in Russian).

19.     Regionally underground content of chemical substances in soils of Orel region (1999): State committee for environmental protection in Orel region, Orel. (in Russian).

20.      Rogulyova N.O. (2007): Concerning the features of heavy metals accumulation by soils and plants in some parks of Samara city. Problems of Contemporary Science and Practice. Vernadsky University, 4(10): 23-27. (in Russian).

21.      Seregin I.V. (2009):Distribution of heavy metals in plants and their effect on growth. [Biol. Sci. Doc. Thesis].  K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. (in Russian).

22.      System of berry production, processing and bringing to consumers in the Nechernozem zone of Russia (2005): VSTISP, Moscow. (in Russian).

23.      Karaklajic-Stajic Z., Glisic I.S., Ruzic Dj., Vujovic T., Pesakovic M. (2012): Microelements content in leaves of raspberry cv. Willamette as affected by foliar nutrition and substrates. Hort. Sci., 39: 67-73.