Vol 50, No 2 (2016)

The efficiency of modern equipment providing the safe use of platelet concentrate (PC) in blood service institu-tions was studied. In 2013, 63.5% of the total amount of PC used in the domestic blood service was obtained by apheresis (from region to region, this value varied from 52.4 to 79.2%). For the period from 2011 to 2013, the percentage of leukoreduced platelets in the PC composition increased by 1.3 times, while the percentage of pathogen-inactivated PC increased by 3.8 times.

This work is devoted to the development of the acousto-optical method for blood typing based on analysis of digital photoimages of sedimentation of red blood cells and their aggregates and immune complexes (agglutinates). Two modifications of the discrete method for photographic image processing were suggested and experimentally tested to increase the reliability of instrumental human blood typing. AB0 matching of blood samples was performed. It was shown that the proposed methods for discrete processing of photoimages provided a several hundredfold increase in the resolution of the acousto-optical method for blood typing as compared to the conventional photometric approach. The reliability of blood typing was also considerably improved.

The possibility of early detection of inflammation foci in the soft tissues of the periodontium is discussed. Infrared diaphanoscopy is shown to be a useful tool for in vivo imaging of such inflammation foci.

A laboratory facility for the controlled exposure of blood vessels to high_intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is described. The facility comprises units for fixing and positioning of the object of study, ultrasound scanning, targeting, and exposure to limited doses of HIFU. The ultrasonic unit implements the functions of targeting and ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasound generator was calibrated. The effect of HIFU exposure on the femoral veins was investigated in in vivo experiments on animals (rabbits). An ultrasound intensity of ~8.7 kW/cm² at the focal spot led to structural changes in all layers of the vein wall, the most significant of the changes being endothelial desquamation and the disorganization of collagen. These changes formed the basis for subsequent obliteration.

The cassette/screen/film/processing systems for general radiography equipped with sets of medical intensifying screens available from RENEX, Ltd. were studied. It was shown that at low anode voltage the combined systems equipped with the EU-YZ/EU-GZ universal screen set compatible with blue-sensitive and orthochromatic films were less effective than the blue systems equipped with EU-YZ screens. The combined systems were also shown to be less effective than the green systems equipped with EU-GZ screens. The latter were shown to be optimal for use in medical practice.

This work is devoted to the bandpass frequency filtering of the ECG signal in heart rhythm monitoring systems against the background of disturbances and noises of various origins. It was suggested to optimize the procedure for selection of the bandwidth and the type of bandpass filter using the criteria for minimization of uncertainty in the measurement of the R-R intervals. Two different approaches to the bandpass filtering were considered: use of a second-order analog active filter and of an eighth-order digital filter.

A device for determining the strength of isometric muscle contractions in flexors and extensors of the foot is described. A feature of the device is the ability to test muscles during positioning the foot at the ankle joint at angles between 80 and 115° and to determine the functional optimum (Blix isometric maximum) as a criterion for the range of the optimum conditions of muscle functioning, having diagnostic significance in evaluating muscle functionality. The absolute and force-to-weight parameters of the investigated muscle groups of healthy people according to sex, age, and functional specialization are given, which may serve as regulatory guidelines for severity assessment of motor pathology. The results of dynamometer assessment of muscle reflect the clinical picture and enable refining tactics and character of rehabilitation measures according to features of the recovery process.

The application of rapid prototyping in medicine, in dentistry particularly, is described. The sequence of stages of initial data processing (set of digital images) for subsequent automated construction and 3D printing of objects is given. Examples of tooth impressions and surgical templates produced with different initial data parameters are described.

Software has been developed for rehabilitation exercises in patients after complete or partial loss of the sonorous speech due to laryngectomy. The structure of the software, the algorithm of its work, and results of a functional test are given. Results of primary testing of the package on a group of healthy speakers are also presented.