Vol 52, No 1 (2018)

Bioparametric elements are proposed for the development and design of adaptive medical systems. From the point of view of practical exploitation, the advantage of systems with time-variable parameters over those with stationary parameters is the significantly smaller number of basic elements required.

We present here the results of studies of image quality obtained using a digital X-ray mammograph using new approaches to solving tomosynthesis challenges both as a means of obtaining projections and as a method of reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of the breast. The aim of the present work was to perform a comparative analysis of planar (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) mammography.

This article presents a novel technical solution to the surgery of cerebrovascular diseases − a hybrid neurosurgery operating room. Operation rooms of this type represent a state-of-the-art neurosurgical operating room including an angiography instrument, a surgical microscope, and a neuronavigation system. Hybrid operation rooms combine endovascular and microsurgical methods within a single operative procedure. We present the technical and organizational points, advantages and disadvantages, and results from the treatment of patients with complex cerebrovascular diseases in hybrid operating rooms.

A technology for manufacturing biocompatible nanomaterials for laser restoration of the continuity of dissected fragments of biological tissue (cattle trachea) was described. The tensile strength of laser welds obtained by laser irradiation of biocompatible nanomaterial deposited on the edges of dissected tissues was studied. The maximum tensile strength of laser welds of ~0.196 MPa was achieved using a biocompatible nanomaterial consisting of albumin (25 wt. %), collagen (1 wt. %), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (1 wt. %), and the indocyanine green dye (0.1 wt. %). The biocompatibility of the nanomaterial was studied using the MTT assay. The biocompatible nanomaterial exerted the best effect on the proliferative activity of cells when diluted in the culture medium to concentrations of 1/10, 1/20, 1/160 and 1/320.

Development of blood smear scanner analyzers is a new promising trend in designing devices for blood cell morphology examination. The efficacy of using the Vision Hema® Ultimate scanner analyzer for differential white blood cell count and identification of nucleated blood cells was evaluated. The average time required to analyze a single cover-glass preparation was found to be (108 ± 17)″. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of differential white blood cell count performed manually and using the Vision Hema® Ultimate device (p > 0.05); the results were virtually identical. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was highest for segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils (0.9638%, 0.9342%, and 0.9172%, respectively). For monocytes and basophils it was 0.9047% and 0.7613%, respectively, while its lowest values were observed for immature myeloid cells. The Vision Hema® Ultimate blood smear scanner analyzer was shown to provide high accuracy and productivity of differential white blood cell count in peripheral blood smears.

The paper describes the design and functionality of a device for low-frequency phonoelectrotherapy. The device provides simultaneous exposure to various modes of ultrasound (frequency range, 22-44 kHz; intensity, up to 1.0 W/cm²) and electrical currents of various types and intensity magnitudes. The device makes it possible to implement a new physiotherapeutic method for simultaneous treatment with ultrasound and different types of electric current. Clinical tests demonstrated high clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of the device.

An algorithm for generation of alarm signals in case of detection of episodes of atrial fibrillation is discussed. The algorithm is used in the system for remote monitoring of patients with atrial fibrillation. A set of diagnostically significant values characterizing the dynamics of patient’s condition during atrial fibrillation episodes is suggested. Application of this set of diagnostically significant values should increase the efficiency of detection of atrial fibrillation episodes. Histograms of the duration distribution of atrial fibrillation episodes are suggested to be used for treatment efficacy monitoring.

The possibility of creating a transcutaneous capnometer based on water electric sensors was studied. A working model of the capnometer was used to perform a series of experiments that confirmed the operability of the developed device. The device can be used to diagnose the physiological state of human body, as well as for biomedical research and experiments.

This report discusses the employment of the electrical characteristics of biologically active points (BAP) in the meridian of the heart to solve the task of prognosticating recurrence of myocardial infarctions during the rehabilitation period using fuzzy decision rules. Employment of only the electrical characteristics of informative BAP was found to provide a reliability level of greater than 0.85 in decision-making, with a significant uncertainty zone. If additional features characterizing long-term psychoemotional tension − lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity − are included, the reliability of prognoses of recurrence of myocardial infarction during remission reaches 0.95.