卷 477, 编号 1 (2017)

We studied the effect of status epilepticus (SE) on short-term synaptic plasticity. The amplitudes of field potentials in response to extracellular stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals were recorded in hippocampal slices. Subtle modifications were revealed on day 1 after SE, whereas on days 3 and 7 we did not find any differences from the control. These data show that, one day after SE, the probability of a transmitter release in hippocampal synapses decreases that serves as a compensatory mechanism, which prevents seizure activity.

New material of Early Cretaceous mammals from Mongolia, including dentary fragments of Gobiconodon borissiaki Trofimov, 1978 and G. hoburensis (Trofimov, 1978) from the well-known dinosaur locality Khamryn-Us (Dornogovi aimag) and a maxilla fragment of G. borissiaki from the new locality Shalan-Ikher (Övörkhangai aimag), is presented. The new data extend the knowledge on the morphology and intraspecific variability of Gobiconodon and the distribution of the Höovör Mammalian Assemblage in Mongolia.

Stimforte, an immune response-stimulating preparation, is active with respect to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1). The effects of Stimforte in animals infected with either HCV or HSV-1 are fundamentally different. In mice with acute herpes virus infection, Stimforte administration leads to a higher activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes, and the amount of interferon (IFN) λ grows. In mice infected with HCV, Stimforte administration results in a significant increase in IFN-β but not IFN-λ in blood and affected organs. Stimforte has been found to affect directly HCV reproduction that causes the infected cell death, but it does not affect HSV-1 reproduction in the Vero cells (V).

Dependence of the sound-signal frequency on the animal body length was studied in 14 ground squirrel species (genus Spermophilus) of Eurasia. Regression analysis of the total sample yielded a low determination coefficient (R² = 26%), because the total sample proved to be heterogeneous in terms of signal frequency within the dimension classes of animals. When the total sample was divided into two groups according to signal frequency, two statistically significant models (regression equations) were obtained in which signal frequency depended on the body size at high determination coefficients (R² = 73 and 94% versus 26% for the total sample). Thus, the problem of correlation between animal body size and the frequency of their vocal signals does not have a unique solution.

Abundance of 388 ± 108 whales for the Okhotsk Sea bowhead whale population based on individual genotyping was estimated using the capture–recapture method for the open population model. The data demonstrate that this endangered population shows no signs of recovery.

The level of proinflammatory markers was assessed in HIV-infected patients that were coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and had failed to restore the CD4⁺ T cell counts (immunological nonresponders, INR) during the antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among four patient groups (HIV⁺HCV^– and HIV⁺HCV⁺ subjects with the concordant response to ART; HIV⁺HCV^– and HIV⁺HCV⁺ subjects that were INR), the greatest systemic inflammation was in the latter group. The maximum difference was between the subjects HIV⁺HCV^–INR and HIV⁺HCV⁺ INR: the blood of coinfected patients contained significantly higher concentrations of the IP-10, sCD163, sTNF-RI, and sTNF-RII and of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Systemic inflammation in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with the discordant response to ART is probably caused by a breach of hepatic barrier for the intestine products.