Vol 120, No 1 (2016)

The interaction of Tb(III)-2-{[(4-methoxy benzoyl) oxy]} methyl benzoic acid binary complex with nucleosides (adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and inosine) was investigated using UV and fluorescence methods. The reaction of Tb-complex with cytidine, guanosine and adenosine is accompanied by shift to longer wavelength in the absorption band, while there is a blue shift in the absorption band with an enhancement in the molar absorptivity upon the reaction with inosine. The fluorescence intensity of Tb(III)-2-{[(4- methoxy benzoyl) oxy]} methyl benzoic acid binary complex at λ = 545 nm (5D4 → 7F5) was decreased with the addition of the nucleoside molecule following the order: cytidine > inosine > guanosine > adenosine.

We have developed a model and realized an algorithm for the calculation of the coefficient of coherent (direct) transmission of light through a layer of liquid crystal (LC) droplets in a polymer matrix. The model is based on the Hulst anomalous diffraction approximation for describing the scattering by an individual particle and the Foldy-Twersky approximation for a coherent field. It allows one to investigate polymer dispersed LC (PDLC) materials with homogeneous and inhomogeneous interphase surface anchoring on the droplet surface. In order to calculate the configuration of the field of the local director in the droplet, the relaxation method of solving the problem of minimization of the free energy volume density has been used. We have verified the model by comparison with experiment under the inverse regime of the ionic modification of the LC-polymer interphase boundary. The model makes it possible to solve problems of optimization of the optical response of PDLC films in relation to their thickness and optical characteristics of the polymer matrix, sizes, polydispersity, concentration, and anisometry parameters of droplets. Based on this model, we have proposed a technique for estimating the size of LC droplets from the data on the dependence of the transmission coefficient on the applied voltage.

A new spectrofluorometric method for the determination of glutathione based on the reaction catalyzed by hemoglobin was reported. The reaction product gave a highly fluorescent intensity with the excitation and emission wavelengths of 320.0 nm and 413.0 nm, respectively. The optimum experimental conditions were investigated. Results showed that low concentration glutathione enhanced the fluorescence intensity significantly. The line ranges were 1.0 × 10^–6–1.0 × 10^–5 mol L^–1 of glutathione and 6.0 × 10^-10 mol L^-1–1.0 × 10^-8 mol L^-1, respectively. The detection limit was calculated to be 1.1 × 10^-11 mol L^-1. The recovery test by the standard addition method gave values in the range of 90.78%-102.20%. This method was used for the determination of glutathione in synthetic and real samples with satisfactory results.

An algorithm for localizing inhomogeneities in pulsed diffuse optical tomography is proposed and implemented. A distinctive feature of this technique is the formation of an initial approximation to the spatial distributions of the absorption and scattering coefficients in a biomedical object under study based on the angle-dependent homogeneity index, HI(a). The method allows one to determine the approximate optical structure of the object using late arriving photons and thus solve more rapidly the inverse problem. The suggestion that all absorbing and scattering inhomogeneities in an object under study are spherical also simplifies and enhances image reconstruction.

Alterations of the optical and structural (weight, thickness, and square) parameters of skin caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights of 300 and 400 Da were studied experimentally. The objects of the study were ex vivo skin samples of albino laboratory rats. Collimated transmittance of the skin was measured in the wavelength range 500-900 nm. As a result of exposure to the agents, an increase in the collimated transmittance and a decrease in weight, thickness, and square of skin samples were observed. Analysis of the kinetics of parameters alterations allowed us to measure the diffusion coefficient of the agents in the skin as (1.83 ± 2.22) × 10^-6 and (1.70 ± 1.47) × 10^-6 cm²/s for PEG-300 and PEG-400, respectively, and the rate of alterations of the structural parameters. The results obtained in this study can be used for the improvement of existing and development of new methods of noninvasive diagnostics and therapy of subcutaneous diseases.

Based on real structure and optical properties of the dermis, we analyzed the possibility of polarimetric measurement of glucose content in the skin. It was shown that, at physiological concentrations of glucose in the interstitial fluid, the optical activity of glucose is not manifested in the polarization and optical properties of the tissue, since the optical activity of glucose is almost completely suppressed by the linear birefringence of the dermis.

The absorption spectra of agglutinating sera were used to determine blood groups. It was shown experimentally that the sera color significantly affects the resolving power of the acousto-optical method of blood typing. In order to increase the resolving power of the method and produce an invariance of the method for sera color, we suggested introducing a probing light beam individually for different sera. The proposed technique not only improves the resolving power of the method, but also reduces the risk of false interpretation of the experimental results and, hence, error in determining the blood group of the sample. The latter is especially important for the typing of blood samples with weak agglutination of erythrocytes. This study can be used in the development of an instrument for instrumental human blood group typing based on the acousto-optical method.

The method of analysis of the temporal and spatial contrasts of speckle fields formed during the coherent scattering of radiation in bacterial colonies has been adapted to monitor the growth and structure of bacterial colonies by the example of E. coli. A noticeable change in the spatial structures of colonies during their growth has been demonstrated.

The interaction of heavy metals with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied using data of quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of the protein by the ions of the heavy metals. Under the assumption of static quenching with formation of nonfluorescent complexes of fluorophores of BSA with heavy metals, conclusions have been drawn on the peculiarities of binding of the heavy metals to the protein. The values of the Stern-Volmer constants of association and those of the constants of BSA binding to the heavy metals decrease in the order Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II). It has been experimentally found that the copper ions have greater capacity to bind to the protein with the formation of the nonfluorescent complexes, which results in a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of the protein.

This work is a continuation of our study [1], in which a two-scale analytical approach to the investigation of a soliton oscillon in a trap with rapidly oscillating walls has been developed. In terms of this approach, the solution to the equation of motion of the soliton center is sought as a series expansion in powers of a small parameter, which is a ratio of the intrinsic frequency of slow soliton oscillations to the frequency of fast trap wall oscillations. In [1], we have examined the case ε ≪ 1, in which, to describe the motion of the soliton, it is sufficient to restrict the consideration to the zero approximation of the sought solution. However, when the frequency of wall oscillations begins to decrease, while the parameter begins to increase, it is necessary to take into account corrections to the zero approximation. In this work, we have calculated corrections of the first and second orders in to this approximation. We have shown that, with an increase in, the role played by the corrections related to fast oscillations of the trap walls increases, which results in a complex shape of the envelope of oscillations of the soliton center. It follows from our calculations that, if the difference between the amplitudes of wall oscillations is not too large, the analytical solution of the equation of motion of the soliton center will coincide very well with the numerical solution. However, with an increase in this difference, as well as with a decrease in the wall oscillation frequency, the discrepancy between the numerical and analytical solutions generally begins to increase. Regimes of irregular oscillations of the soliton center arise. With a decrease in the frequency of wall oscillations, the instability boundary shows a tendency toward a smaller difference between the wall oscillation amplitudes. In general, this leads to enlargement of the range of irregular regimes. However, at the same time, stability windows can arise in this range in which the analytical and numerical solutions correlate rather well with each other. Our comparative analysis of the analytical and numerical solutions has allowed us not only to study their properties in detail, but also to draw conclusions on the limits of applicability of the analytical approach.