Identification of the red and panther fly agaric for laboratory diagnosis of poisoning
- Authors: Evdokimova E.A.1, Goncharov M.Y.1, Balabanova O.L.1,2, Strelova O.Y.1
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Affiliations:
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I.I. Dzhanelidze
- Issue: Vol 74, No 8 (2025)
- Pages: 14-20
- Section: Pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacognosy
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/0367-3014/article/view/365715
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2025-08-02
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/gqwifc
- ID: 365715
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Abstract
Introduction. Mushrooms of the genus Amanita are found worldwide and comprise approximately 1000 species, 100 of which are considered poisonous. Interest in Amanita mushrooms has increased particularly in the past 3–5 years due to the popularity of “microdosing” fly agarics and the medicinal use of Amanita muscaria (Amanita muscaria L.) and Amanita pantherina L., often in capsule form in sub-hallucinogenic doses. The availability of fly agarics and the variability of their ibotenic acid and muscimol content are contributing factors to acute poisoning.
The aim of this study is the botanical identification of dried raw materials of red and panther fly agaric and dried crushed contents of capsules for subsequent laboratory diagnosis of fly agaric poisoning.
Material and methods. For identification, samples of dried fruiting caps of A. muscaria L. and A. pantherina L. (FUNGITHERA mushroom pharmacy) and powdered fruiting body capsules of A. muscaria (Die Familie) and A. pantherina (ALTAI ECO) were collected. Identification was performed using a Mikromed-1 microscope at ×100 and ×400 magnification.
Results and discussion. It has been established that, based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis, the authenticity of the caps of the fruiting bodies of the panther and red fly agaric and the powder of the fruiting bodies in capsules has been confirmed.
Conclusion. The results of a chromatographic study of extracts from Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina mushrooms and capsules were supplemented by botanical analysis. Based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis, the authenticity of the Amanita pantherina fruiting body caps and the fruiting body powder in capsules was confirmed.
The obtained botanical data will allow the capsule extracts to be used as reference samples in developing a method for identifying target toxicants in biological samples for laboratory diagnosis of poisoning by these mushrooms. This is particularly important, as commercially available standard samples of muscarine and muscimol are unavailable.
About the authors
Ekaterina Alekseevna Evdokimova
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: innova.2000@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-6759-526X
SPIN-code: 4063-1760
PhD candidate in the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Russian Federation, st. Professora Popova, 14, lit. A, Saint-Petersburg, municipal district Aptekarsky Island, 197022Mikhail Yurevich Goncharov
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
Email: mikhail.goncharov@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9706-9850
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy
Russian Federation, st. Professora Popova, 14, lit. A, Saint-Petersburg, municipal district Aptekarsky Island, 197022Olga Leonidovna Balabanova
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University; Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I.I. Dzhanelidze
Email: o.l.ya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8636-9858
SPIN-code: 6286-3797
PhD, lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the St. Petersburg Chemical-Pharmaceutical University of the Russian Ministry of Health; Head of the chemical-toxicological laboratory at the I.I. Dzhanelidze St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Care
Russian Federation, st. Professora Popova, 14, lit. A, Saint-Petersburg, municipal district Aptekarsky Island, 197022; Budapestskaya st., 3, lit. A, Saint-Petersburg, 192242Olga Yuryevna Strelova
Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University
Email: olga.strelova@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6737-1023
SPIN-code: 1519-7618
Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Russian Federation, st. Professora Popova, 14, lit. A, Saint-Petersburg, municipal district Aptekarsky Island, 197022References
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