Izvestiâ Russkogo geografičeskogo obŝestva

Results of field actinometric measurements that were obtained in July 2023 in the valley of Nekrasov mountain glacier (the South Chujsky Range, Altai) are shown in the paper. Values of total incoming and of reflected solar radiation were measured; field works were carried out between 14.07.2023 and 27.07.2023, the pyranometer “Peleng SF-06” was used. Expressed daily cycle of the total solar radiation is found and approximated by a parabola; major variations of incoming radiation in the morning (9 a.m.) and in the evening (6 p.m.) are caused by shading of the relief. The albedo values of nature surfaces in the valley of Nekrasov glacier are determined: snowfield in the valley (0.39), dry moraine without moss (0.10) and with moss (0.11), snow cover on the glacier (0.44), snowfield in the edge part of glacier (0.25), wet firn (0.27), sand on wet ice (0.09), stream on the glacier (0.11).

The article analyzes the features of the system of specially protected natural territories (protected areas) at the regional level on the example of the Crimean Peninsula, as a high biological and landscape diversity. The purpose of the study is to assess the current structure of the regional system of protected areas of the Crimean Peninsula, the prospects for its development and identify the main geoecological problems, mainly related to the consequences of significant recreational and agricultural environmental management. To study the geoecological problems of regional protected areas in the model reserves “Cape Aya” and “Baydarsky”, field geobotanical descriptions were carried out, reserves of terrestrial phytomass, spatial features of nature management, the stage of recreational digression and the level of pollution were estimated. The mapping scheme of the protected areas of the peninsula made it possible to determine the representativeness of the regional system of territorial nature protection. Protected areas tend mainly to the mountainous and south-coastal regions of Crimea, while there are not enough protected sites in steppe landscapes. It has been revealed that the leading threats to the conservation of biodiversity in the protected areas of Crimea are unregulated recreation and associated pollution, the expansion of nature management and habitat reduction. The maximum transformation of the soil and vegetation cover was noted in the coastal strip of the Cape Aya nature reserve under conditions of abnormal recreational loads — up to the third stage of recreational digression. In the conditions of the intermountain basins of the Baydarsky reserve, residential zones are expanding and habitats are fragmenting. To reduce the severity of geoecological problems, it is recommended to increase the area of protected areas by creating new facilities and expanding existing ones, rationing anthropogenic loads and observing the regime of facilities.

The article is devoted to the assessment of wind energy potential for 5 subjects within the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation: Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Khabarovsk Region, Primorsky Region, Sakhalin Region. The potential assessment was carried out with a focus on the possible production of “green” hydrogen using electricity generated from wind farms. When calculating the desired potential, the method of hierarchy analysis, coupled with fuzzy and Boolean logic, was used. To carry out the calculations, a list of physico-geographical, economic-geographical and restrictive criteria necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the potential was formed. Based on the assessments of experts in this field, a pairwise matrix of criteria comparison was formed. Based on it, the weights of the criteria themselves were obtained. Subsequently, the wind energy potential was calculated for each point within the boundaries of the studied subjects using the weighted linear combination method. During the calculations, the previously obtained weights of the criteria and their relative values, calculated using fuzzy logic tools, were used. Additionally, considering low winter temperatures, a corresponding amendment was introduced. Based on the data obtained, a statistical assessment was made for the study area, and appropriate recommendations were developed.

In 2012–2013, studies of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) kinetics and the composition of organic matter (OM) were conducted on five mesotrophic lakes of Karelia — Salonyarvi, Vegarusyarvi, Valkhomozero, Syamozero and Shotozero. BOD experiments lasting up to 126 days (at 20 and 10^оС) were performed in all seasons of the year. As a result, equations and values of the kinetic parameters of the BOD were obtained, characterizing seasonal changes in О₂ consumption for OM oxidation in two or three stages (I, II, and L-linear). As a result of the data analysis, a number of common features characteristic of all the studied mesotrophic water bodies were revealed. In all seasons, the oxidation rate of OM at stage L was significantly lower than at stage I. The contribution of each stage to the total oxygen consumption was uneven: the L-stage had the largest (more than 50%) in all seasons except summer (33%), and the I and II stages had the smallest. In summer, due to the active production of easily oxidable OM, the total consumption of О₂ at the I and II stages reached 67% of the BOD_total, which was comparable to eutrophic reservoirs. The OM oxidation rate at the I stage increased 4.0 times from winter to summer and then gradually decreased by autumn, and at the L-stage it was several times lower in all seasons than at the I. The obtained correlations between different indicators of organic matter and kinetic parameters of BOD in water from mesotrophic lakes reflect the spectrum of seasonal features of changes in the organic matter oxidation conditions. Decreasing of the labile organic matter oxidation was observed in the following series of lakes: Valkhomozero → Syamozero → Shotozero → → Salonyarvi and Vegarusyarvi which was confirmed by correlation with concentration of autochthonous organic matter.

As part of the research in 2019–2022, an assessment of the content of copper and zinc in environmental components and hair of the population of the Oktyabrsky District of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra of the Tyumen Region was carried out. The content of mobile forms of trace elements in the soils of agrocenoses of the studied area varies depending on the type of soil: copper — from 0.57 to 0.85 mg/kg, zinc — from 13.5 to 22.53 mg/kg. These values do not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations, but are classified as high according to agrochemical gradations. The average content of copper and zinc in vegetable crops growing on the studied soils is: potatoes — copper 0.07 mg/kg, zinc — 0.34 mg/kg; carrots — copper 0.08 mg/kg, zinc — 0.50 mg/kg; beetroot — copper 0.07 mg/kg, zinc — 0.50 mg/kg. No excess of the maximum permissible concentrations was detected. The results of the analysis show that vegetables grown on sod-podzolic and podzolic soils have the highest concentrations of copper and zinc, unlike vegetables growing on gray forest soils.

The average content of copper and zinc in the water bodies of the Oktyabrsky district of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is: copper — 0.025 mg/l, zinc — 0.65 mg/l, which also does not exceed the permissible values and at the same time is characterized as low.

The content of copper and zinc in the hair of the population permanently residing in the Oktyabrsky district was studied. The dependence of the level of trace elements in biosubstrates on gender, age and place of residence has been established. With age, the average copper and zinc content in the hair of the population increases. The amount of these elements also depends on gender: women (average copper content — 59.65 mg/kg, zinc — 212.47 mg/kg) have more than men (average copper content — 21.87 mg/kg, zinc — 152.53 mg/kg). The relationship between the content of copper and zinc in water and in the hair of the inhabitants of the region has been established, which allows us to conclude that drinking water is one of the sources of these elements for humans.