Vol 23, No 171 (2018)
- Year: 2018
- Published: 15.12.2018
- Articles: 20
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/1810-0201/issue/view/19844
PEDAGOGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Professional suitability of higher educational institution lecturer
Abstract
The relevance of professional suitability study of higher educational institution lecturer is founded. The existing correlation between professional activity and individual qualities of the lecturer is analyzed. The activity with specific requirements to the lecturer makes him develop some special individual-professional qualities. And vice versa, individual qualities realized in professional activity of the lecturer and providing its success get personal sense. The concrete requirements to the profession “human-human” in the activity of higher educational institution lecturer are given. The professional suitability of the higher educational institution lecturer is founded as probable characteristics of its individuality, reflecting not only the possibilities but also urge (motivation, value orientations) of the lecturer to reach high results in the activity with the appropriate professional preparation. This category is dynamic, its becoming is considered in two aspects through creation of value orientations and motivation for this type of activity and by the way of creation of appropriate conditions for development of individual-professional qualities. The data of experimental research of opinions of lecturers and students on the issue of professional suitability of higher educational institution lecturer are presented. The possible correlation of pedagogic and scientific activity in the context of their influence on the components of professional suitability of higher educational institution lecturer is analyzed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):7-13
7-13
THE PROSPECTS OF IMPROVEMENT OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION TEACHERS PREPARATION BASING ON THE EXAMPLE OF CREATION OF EDUCATIONAL COMPLEX “KINDERGARTEN - SCHOOL - UNIVERSITY” AT PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE OF TAMBOV STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER G.R. DERZHAVIN
Abstract
The objectives set at modern system of education, define the creation of innovative models of professionally-oriented educational sphere, which must contribute in revealing of internal potential of subjects of educational sphere. Modern educational organization must base on the idea of development of system of continuous education, which will include flexible organized variable forms of education and socialization, constant development of a human, personality, during the whole life. The basic achievements of Pedagogical Institute of Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, in improvement of the system of preparation of students of pedagogic direction, profile “preschool education”, in accordance with the requirements of professional standard of the teacher. Besides the main emphasis is made on prospective task - creation of complex “kindergarten - school - university” at Pedagogical Institute of Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin which will influence the increase of the quality of preparation of students of the direction “Pedagogic Education”, the increase of the status of Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, particularly pedagogic education in Tambov Region, in general; the development succession of aims, tasks and content of educational programs of different level of education, which will be realized in the system “kindergarten - school - university”; the development of “network interaction” (continuous stages of educational complex vertically) starting with preschool education, will provide progressive development of students’ personality, and coordination of structures of complex across will create new qualified conditions in interaction with other educational institutions of Tambov Region).
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):14-21
14-21
QUESTIONS OF SOCIAL PEDAGOGY AND SOCIAL WORK
THE DIAGNOSTICS OF FORMEDNESS OF INDEPENDENT LIVING SKILLS AMONG ORPHAN-CHILDREN AND CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE AS SOCIAL WORK TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
Social-economic processes taking place in society actualize the problem of social protection and support for children-orphans and children left without parental care. Researchers in the field note the lack of life skills by graduate outside the orphanage. Diagnosis like the technology of social work allows to select the level of development of life skills, to correct the training program for independent living of children. Diagnosis of formation of life skills for children-orphans and children left without parental care is seen as a process of gathering information about social issues in order to develop the program of its decision, including counseling, correction, therapy, rehabilitation. Diagnosis of formation of life skills for children-orphans organized as during the child’s stay in the institution, and in the post-orphanage period. The diagnostic tools is selected, taking into account the direction of the institution, the specifics of society, gender, age, education, life experience of the pupil; on the basis of selected parameters, criteria and indicators for independence. Important indicators of formation of life skills by children-orphans and children left without parental care is the knowledge of life in the various areas and appropriate behavior; the ability of pupils to make a conscious choice, mastery of the structure of activities for the implementation of the decision; responsible and active in resolving problems. Diagnosis of formation of life skills for children-orphans and children left without parental care, to evaluate their level, the degree of formation and timely action to build an algorithm to solve the problems of a particular child for a better integration into society and preventing many illegal acts.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):22-29
22-29
ОПЫТ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD PERFECTION IN THE DOMESTIC EDUCATION SYSTEM
Abstract
As a result of the implementation of the extensive approach in the USSR, a state system of special schools and specialized out-of-school institutions was created, which enabled most children and adolescents to realize their interests, develop their abilities, choose a profession, and many, achieve high results in various fields of professional activity. The modern period is characterized by the beginning of the implementation of an intensive approach: the state adopts policy documents that define a set of measures for working with gifted children in the country; studies are carried out, concepts and models for the development of children’s giftedness are developed, a system of competitive measures is in place to identify gifted children and provide them with support through scholarships and grants; at the initiative of the President of Russian and support of business structures in the regions of the country, a network of educational centers for working with gifted children are being created. Modern educational practice testifies to the integration of extensive and intensive technologies in working with gifted children, tested and proven effective in the Soviet and modern periods. Currently, the main condition for the creation of an effective system for the support of gifted children and talented youth is the formation of mechanisms for interaction between the state and business structures in order to unite the resources and potential of each partner.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):30-42
30-42
THEORY AND METHODS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF PATRIOTIC FEELINGS EDUCATION IN TEENAGERS
Abstract
The relevance of the results of the research presented is the need to ensure the viability of a country facing the global challenges. The key element in ensuring the viability of the country is defined by the population, which by its thinking and actions is called upon to support the national idea. Thus, we are talking about the formation of patriotism through a system of patriotic education. The various theoretical approaches to the formation of the concepts of “patriotism”, “patriotic education” are considered. The historical development of the investigated concept, the application of various approaches to patriotic education of the population taking into account changing external factors are shown. System analysis revealed the need for special attention to the stages of the formation of a person’s personality for the formation of patriotism in her, which led to an accentuation of attention in the adolescent period and consideration of the influence of modern conditions, methods of influence on adolescents. The main components of patriotic education, which are necessary for application at the present time, including in the educational environment are identified. At the same time, it is noted that changes in approaches to patriotic education should leave unchanged the basic foundation of patriotic foundations: love for the big and small native land, readiness for its protection, preservation of national customs and traditions, activities for the benefit of their motherland.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):43-52
43-52
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PASSING THE NORMS OF THE COMPLEX “READY FOR LABOUR AND DEFENSE”
Abstract
It is noted that nowadays in Russia younger part of population have some health problems, citizens, including children and teenagers, do not usually practice physical culture and sport. To improve the situation some measures are adopted at the state level, including the revival of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex “Ready for Labour and Defense”, the regulation for it is subscribed by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in 2014. Topic of revival of complex “Ready for Labour and Defense” is very relevant because it contains the normative basis of physical education of the population and is the criterion of defining the level of physical preparedness of people of all ages. The attention is paid to the level of physical preparedness of the growing generation. The analysis of key problems is presented. They are: 1) the lack of stable, motivated interest of participants of educational process to different physical and sport activities among the most part of students in the system of multilevel preparation of future specialists; 2) insufficient attraction of all participants of educational process to regular physical culture training; 3) the lack of active propaganda of physical training and sport as a component of healthy way of life. The attention is paid to the issue of development and implementation in the educational process of higher educational institution the system of passing the norms of the complex “Ready for Labour and Defense”, including the analysis and generalization of information resources, questionnaires, development and implementation in the educational process of higher educational institution of information computer technologies and the system of preparation and passing the complex “Ready for Labour and Defense” and also the creation of the model of stimulation and encouragement for those who achieve the norms of the complex.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):53-60
53-60
THEORY AND METHODS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING TEACHING
THE WAYS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MULTI-YEAR PREPARATION OF POLYATHLONIST’S HIGHER SPORT SKILLS
Abstract
The success of the multi-year process of training and achieving high results in sport depends on a number of factors such as: duration of the constant physical activity; the continuity of the training sessions, the optimal age at which most favorably the skills involved are described, individual characteristics, moral and volitional qualities; traits of an athlete; the growth of sports qualification and skills; at what age to start a serious and meaningful sports and when to began special training to do this sport. In polyathlon age periods to achieve the highest results in the most stable state. The way of athletes from beginners to masters of sport and higher to last about 8-10 years on average. Depending on the individuality of polyathlon athlete, living conditions and training regimes, slight deviations are possible age areas. For example, if an athlete comes to the section of the polyathlon, and before that he was involved in another sport, like swimming, it will be much easier to learn and faster he will achieve better results than other newcomers. Also the individual approach is important. Gifted and talented student can show good results and most rapidly achieve mastery after the beginning of a serious and prolonged exercise. In the process of perfecting sports skill the intensity of training increases and training load becomes the maximum. Professional athletes of high qualification classes are held every day seven days a week for a few workouts a day. As travelers use the less busy days, where the predominant light cross, ski trip, cycling, shooting blanks. The polyathlon is one of the sports that involves diverse theoretical, psychological, physical and technical training, which depends on the results. The training process of polyathlon athlete is a greater intensity and volume of training, as well as huge mental stress, so it is necessary to alternate exercise and rest intelligently. A huge impact having the ability to switch from one activity to another when certain movements are replaced by others, different in its structure and technology is considered.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):61-67
61-67
THE APPLICATION OF THE METHODS OF VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-SPEED ENDURANCE OF ATHLETES
Abstract
In sports training of men and women in run on average distances various techniques of development of their high-speed endurance in year cycle of preparation have great value. The feature of these techniques consists in introduction to training process of athletes of various options of use of means and methods of development of their high-speed endurance. Now young trainers, wishing to prove quicker, forget about versatile training of the pupils, forcing their sports preparation. At competitions of regional level it is often considerably that some athletes have weak musculoskeletal system, low technical, functional and physical fitness. Also the low motivation of athletes on achievement of good results in run on average and long distances is noted. Therefore there is concern about such situation, and think that more the cause is the shortage of modern training methods, practical and methodical recommendations about development of high-speed endurance of runners on average distances and their sports preparation in general serves. The problem of development of high-speed endurance of athletes has received rather extended coverage in domestic literature, questions of determination of essence and content of training of runners on average distances, development of their physical qualities, the general and special endurance, mechanisms of power supply and working capacity in the conditions of intense muscular activity are well studied. But, at the same time, question of application, combination and alternation of techniques of various orientations in development of their high-speed endurance remains low-investigated. The analysis of the studied literature has allowed to reveal that there is enough references in which the question of development of high-speed endurance of runners reveals, but there are not enough techniques of various orientation for development of this physical quality at the age of 15-16 years.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):68-75
68-75
Regional system of inclusive professional education of the disabled and people with health disabilities
Abstract
The issues of inclusive teaching of the disabled people and people with health disabilities in secondary technical schools are considered. According to the data of World Health Organization of the Disabled Children and People with Health Disabilities there are more than 10-12 millions disabled children, most of which do not study in secondary schools yet. And the amount of such children is increasing. The basis of the latest changes in Russia in the sphere of education is not only the vector of quality of education increase for all children, including the disabled children and people with health disabilities, but also the creation of the conditions for their development taking into consideration personified peculiarities of every child. Mostly these tasks will be decided by the organization of inclusive education system.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):76-82
76-82
Substantiation of the method of complex-combined health-improving physical training exercises with elderly age women
Abstract
Over the past decades there has been an aging population, an increase in the number of people of retirement age in the population, combined with an increase in their life expectancy. However, women of elderly age are characterized by high incidence rate, the presence of one or several chronic diseases, the consequences of previous injuries, physical defects and involuntary changes in the organs and systems of the body. These circumstances necessitate the search of effective methods for the rehabilitation of older women by means of recreational physical training. The method of complex-combined health-improving physical training exercises for elderly age women is developed, exercises are based on the combined use of a wide range of means and methods of physical recreation, physical rehabilitation, supplemented with preventive and wellness activities, affecting the body as a single complex of morphological systems. One of the most important issues is to define an optimal load and to choose movement regimes during these exercises. Basic principles of Strategies «Recommendations on physical training work organization with citizenry of middle and elderly age group» of Ministry of Sport of the Russian Federation (2013) are adapted for elderly age women. Big enough age rate of investigated group (56-74 years), great variety of disorders which are typical for elderly age women, different motivational orientation, health-improving physical training exercises with elderly age women show the necessity of this adaptation.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):83-89
83-89
ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
RESEARCH BASIS OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPECIALISTS’ PREPARATION PROGRAMS IN INFORMATION SECURITY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Abstract
Training of information security specialists is accompanied by high dynamics of the subject area and its increasing interdependence from developing information technologies. It is supposed that the specification of the scientific basis of the comparative study of the training of information protection specialists will allow us to orient our searches in the direction of taking into account the needs of Russia in this sphere, the trends in the development of the subject area and its technical base, the best world practice and a new stage in the technological development of society. It id substantiated that the training of specialists in the field of information security is a goal-oriented process (which depends on the set goals and planned results); Result (fixing the appropriation by the individual, society and state of values, as well as the result of providing the training system of a specialist with conditions conducive to the formation of a specialist in the information society); factors of change of system qualities of process of preparation of the expert: adaptability, variability, flexibility, integrity, dynamism and stability. The conclusion is made that it is expedient to apply the aspect, synergetic, informational and historical-logical methodological approaches when conducting a comparative study of the training of specialists in the field of information security. The stages and comparison criteria for the analysis of national systems for training specialists in the field of information security are viewed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):90-97
90-97
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ
TRADITIONS, INNOVATIONS AND NEW TRENDS IN THE PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF ACADEMICIAN I.F. KHARLAMOV
Abstract
The relationship between the development of pedagogical theory and the formation of scientific-pedagogical school, the relationships between traditions and innovations in scientific pedagogy are considered, the basic principles and ideas of educational theory which formed the basis for the creation of the most important and, in fact, the only in the Republic of Belarus scientific-pedagogical school in the field of theory and practice of modern education are examined. Ivan Kharlamov (1920-2003) is doctor of pedagogy, professor, honoured scientific worker of the BSSR (1980), academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1990), academician of the National Academy of Belarus (1995), foreign member of the Russian Academy of Education (1999), State Prize winner of Belarus (for the textbook “Pedagogy” (2000)). Author of over 300 scientific works, including more than 20 monographs and textbooks; founder of the most powerful pedagogical theory and the most important scientific-pedagogical school in the Republic of Belarus. The comparative analysis of I.F. Kharlamov’s educational theory and J. Edelman’s theory of Neural Darwinism may lead to the discovery of many cognitive phenomena that can transform the theory and practice of modern education and personal development.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):98-107
98-107
SCIENTIFIC AND TEACHING ACTIVITY OF SAINT INNOCENT OF PENZA
Abstract
The goal is to review the scientific and teaching activity of Saint Innocent (Smirnov), one of the most outstanding theology representatives of the 19th century. The actuality of the research of the life and work of this Russian Orthodox Church representative exists due to the need to study his contribution to the development of the theology in the 19th century. The goal is to present the biography of Saint Innocent concisely yet capaciously and to study his literary and homiletic heritage based on the data of the archival funds of Russian State Historical Archive, Central State Historical Archive and Russian National Library. Saint Innocent, being an educated monk as well as rector of the spiritual seminary in St. Petersburg, was one of the founders of the theology in Russia. Living in St. Petersburg, he worked a lot on eradication of occultism among Russian people at the beginning of the 19th century. His preachment and his teaching activity present him as a true spiritual guide of devoutness. His short stay on the department in Penza left a long-lasting memory in people’s hearts that is why Orthodox Christians started to esteem him right after his death, even thought he was canonized only in 2000 due to some historical reasons. The unique personality of the saint, his saturated life and his theology heritage serve as data for a historically based research.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):108-114
108-114
NATIONAL HISTORY
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FORMER DIRECTOR OF BELGOROD AND VORONEZH TEACHERS’ INSTITUTES A.K. DIMITRIU (1857-1925) IN THE BYZANTINE STUDIES
Abstract
Scientific contribution of the former director of Belgorod and Voronezh Teacher’s Institutes Alexey Konstantinovich Dimitriu (1857-1925) in the Byzantine studies is considered. As a result of the analysis of literature sources the authors show the significance of the works of A.K. Dimitriu dedicated to the Russian contracts with the Greeks and the work of Procopius of Caesarea “The Secret History”, which is still referenced by most prominent scientists - byzantinists and experts on the history of Ancient Russia. The works of well-known researchers on the history of Ancient Russia and Byzantium A.M. Vvedensky, M.B. Sverdlov, A.N. Sakharov, A. Gotlib are studied. Special attention is paid to the fundamental labour of A.K. Dimitriu, published in Odessa in 1894 and dedicated to “The Secret History” of Procopius of Caesarea - the prominent historian of the early Byzantine era. The importance of the above-mentioned works of A.K. Dimitriu, consisting in the fact that in four years after its release, it has been cited in the article of A. Gottlieb “Procopius the Historian”, printed in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron is highlighted. The research of the published studies and archival data shows that the scientific supervisors to A.K. Dimitriu were major byzantinists of that time Professor F.I. Uspensky and E.R. von Stern.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):115-123
115-123
Peculiarities of social-demographic indices and professional composition of Tambov, Voronezh and Ryazan provinces in the middle of 19th century
Abstract
The changing social and professional composition of the populations of several provinces of South-Central Russia at the end of the 18th - mid 19th century is considered. The difference of the whole population of Tambov, Ryazan and Voronezh provinces is noted, and it is concluded that the number of categories of the Tambov population excelled the one in Ryazan. This has been fixed and at the beginning of the 19th century, and by the middle of the century. But not exceeding Voronezh in Tambov, as described. In Ryazan, Tambov, Voronezh and provinces by the middle of the 19th century remained inherent in these provinces the positive dynamics of fertility/mortality and population growth, which was interrupted in the first half of the 19th century due to several epidemics of cholera, particularly epidemic 1848 year. After the epidemic to 1850 years demographic situation in the provinces was corrected. The reasons for the improvement of demographic situation were to improve the epidemiological situation in Ryazan, Tambov and Voronezh provinces, resulting in increased average natural growth in all categories of the population of the provinces, even serfs.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):124-135
124-135
Clergy and Russian society liberalization at the end of 19th - the beginning of 20th century
Abstract
The characteristics of political views of the Orthodox clergy in the period of liberal reforms at the edge of 19-20th centuries where participated the representatives of Russian Orthodox Church is given. Using comparative-historic method the changes in political non-homogeneous church milieu during two decades preceding local council in 1917-1918 are analyzed and also the reasons of lack of consolidation of liberal part of clergy with monarchists and center-right political parties. It is founded that liberalism of orthodox clergy and liberalism of secular society which autocratic power used in home politics tactics were different. Recognizing liberal freedoms and accepting the necessity of reforms, the clergy was for them by the way of enlightenment, trusteeship and other methods, according to the traditions of orthodoxy and constructive interaction of church, state and society. Thus, clergy was right and more conservative than autocratic power trying to weaken the positions of the church and it was stable in the centre of political specter when secular liberals were moving to its left flank.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):136-144
136-144
HE WOMAN OF MERCHANT CLASS OF TAMBOV AT THE END OF 19th - THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY: MARKS TO A SOCIAL PORTRAIT
Abstract
The relevance of a subject of a research is caused by growth of scientific and public interest in problems of women’s business, to the social status of the women who were a part of the Russian provincial business community at the end of 19th - the beginning of the 20th century. On the basis of the archival and published sources (office work documents, reference and statistical materials) and special scientific literature problems of women - representatives of merchant class of Tambov at the end of 19th - the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The complex analysis of their situation in family is carried out, the questions connected with marriage are studied, the characteristics are given to the intra family relations. Questions of education, professional and public work of representatives of merchants of the provincial city during the late imperial period are investigated. Separate aspects of a problem have been considered through a prism of biographies of businesswomen, famous in the city. In post-reform time the dependency of women in merchant families still remained. However neither the custom, nor the legislation interfered with them independently to be engaged in commerce. The most enterprising representatives of merchants of Tambov rather successfully were implemented in this field. The changes which have come in an education system of women from merchant families in the second half of the 19th century have raised possibilities of their self-realization not only in family, family business, but also beyond her limits, including in professional niches, new, not typical for representatives of merchants.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):145-155
145-155
CONSTRUCTION OF HYDROSYSTEM ON THE RIVER TSNA WITH THE PRISONERS OF WAR IN TAMBOV CAMPS IN 1944-1953
Abstract
The issue of the use of prisoners of war in the construction of hydroconstructions along the river Tsna during the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years is considered. The basis for this large-scale construction was the plan of the government of the USSR to develop navigation on small rivers of the country. For this work in Tambov region, both prisoners of war and civilians were involved. Work was conducted in difficult weather conditions, often in cold water. The authorities of the Tsninstroy obviously paid little attention to the working and living conditions of prisoners of war, which led to their malnutrition, mass diseases and even mortality. Control of camp management was carried out constantly, but could not solve all problems. The production planning targets were imposed on the leadership of the camps, which prevented them from radical improvement of the living conditions of prisoners of war and make Tsninstroy improve conditions of life of prisoners of war. Nevertheless, by 1949 the bulk of the work had been completed and the entire hydrosystem on to the Tsna was put into operation, having played a large role in the further development of the economy of the Tambov region.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):156-162
156-162
FOREIGN COUNTRIES’ HISTORY
HERMENEUTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN BEING’S HISTORICITY
Abstract
The main characteristics of the principle of historicity, used in modern hermeneutics are revealed. The content of the concept of “historicity” in the theory of historical consciousness of W. Dilthey, who developed the version of hermeneutics as a methodology of the sciences of the spirit are revealed. W. Dilthey realized the inadequacy of psychological categories as the basis for understanding man and his life, and instead proposed the notion of historicity. Hermeneutic philosophy pays particular attention to the historical character of cognition of external reality and the life of the human being. Man is not just another of the many objects of the physical world, but a living subject that interprets the world in the context of historically inherited cultural meanings and interrelations. The contribution of M. Heidegger and H.-G. Gadamer to understanding the principle of historicity as an ontological characteristic of human existence is also discussed. This principle assumes an analysis of the mode of being of a person as being in time, and not subordinate to him, because both the experience of consciousness and the external empirical experience have a temporal structure.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):163-171
163-171
“MIDDLE POWERS” AS AN ELEMENT OF THE MODERN WORLD SYSTEM: ON THE THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT
Abstract
The main theoretical approaches to the analysis of the concept of “middle power” are examined: hierarchical, regulatory, and behavioral. Each of these approaches uses a different set of criteria for inclusion of a state in the category of “middle powers”. However, only the integrated use of all these methodological approaches allows to evaluate the complex and multidimensional structure of the concept. In addition, an idea about the use of the term to particular international actors, states are given. Which countries fall under the definition of “middle power”? What are the similarities and differences in their foreign policy? What characteristics should have the state, claiming the status of “middle power”? The the controversial issues of the use of the term are analyzed. If the “middle powers” take place in the pyramid between “great’ and “small”, then where is the difference between them? How to determine the boundary between the most advanced “small” power and weakest power of the “middle grade”? Under what conditions successful “small power” overcomes the barrier and falls into the category of “medium”? Similar issues arise with respect to the top of the pyramid. If the conditions of the bipolar system of the category of “great powers” could be determined more or less objectively, taking into account international influence, today researchers say about the serious erosion of this group. In these circumstances, to distinguish between decaying “great power” and ambitious developing country “middle rank” as well extremely difficult.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(171):172-178
172-178