Vol 27, No 1 (2025)

The article presents results of studies on rooting cuttings of high-growing blueberries, conducted in 2022–2024 in the absence of a mist system. High-growing blueberries are a crop that is difficult to root, therefore they require a certain approach, i.e. use of a substrate with an optimal water-air regime, use of growth regulators to increase regeneration capacity, as well as certain microclimatic conditions that are achieved by mist system. Technical conditions for a mist are not available in all farms cultivating blueberries. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal soil composition for rooting and to study the effect of growth regulators that stimulate root formation. Peat, peat + perlite (3:1), peat + sand (3:1) and sand were tested as substrates. To stimulate root formation, growth regulators Fitaktiv gel and Heteroauxin were tested. The experiments, observations and records were carried out according to the methodology adopted in agronomy. It has been established that the best substrate for rooting cuttings of high-growing blueberry is a peat-perlite mixture. Without additional stimulation, significantly more cuttings take root in this substrate than in the control and 6 times more than in sand. The use of Fitaktiv gel as a root formation stimulator in the absence of mist increases the yield of rooted cuttings, on average over three years of research, to 58% with good quality of the formed roots. This allows you to get the amount of planting material necessary for repairing plantings without spending on mist system. The effect of heteroauxin in this regard, according to our research, is significantly weaker.

The article discusses the current state of organic production in various countries around the world, as well as trends and prospects for its development in Russia. The average annual growth of organic production in the world is 12–15%, and this rate will continue until 2025, when its production volumes will reach approximately $212–230 billion, or 3–5% of the agricultural market. Russia occupies 0.2% of the global organic market. The article discusses the main technologies for optimizing organic production: increasing natural soil fertility, planning plantings, using crop rotations, protecting plants from weeds, diseases, and pests. The article presents the possibilities of introducing digital and smart technologies using various foreign and domestic companies as examples, and notes the high efficiency of using: remote sensing of the earth, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous, mobile robotic devices, modeling and forecasting systems, predictive analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), online platforms, artificial intelligence technologies, and the integrated intelligent system "Smart Field". Based on the research of the KBSC RAS, analysis of data from domestic and foreign scientists in the field of agriculture, a rationale is given and the feasibility of developing agrotechnical, digital and smart technologies in the production of organic crop products is noted.

The article reveals problems of integration for disabled people and people with disabilities into society. People with disabilities are a significant part of our society who strive and can bring a positive economic effect to the country through their work. Existing barriers become an obstacle to their full involvement in all accessible environments. The scientific and practical significance of the work is a suggestion to create inclusive conditions for employment of people with disabilities. The main results and conclusions of the research work consist in identifying the need for active formation of a barrier-free environment for disabled people and people with disabilities. The value of the study is to expand views on the existing problems of employment of people with disabilities, for whom implementation of their labor rights is an opportunity to feel like full members of society.

Modern conditions of economic and trade activities are associated with a number of fundamental obstacles. Sanction pressure complicates calculations, which requires development of alternative approaches, including use of extended transaction chains. Problems also arise in the field of logistics and contractual discipline, which lead to additional costs for businesses and a significant increase in the duration of trade transactions. Given high interest rates, such circumstances significantly reduce companies' profits. Maintaining the sustainability of commercial activities, especially in cross-border trade, largely depends on the introduction of new tools for interaction between market participants, in particular barter transactions. Barter transactions are part of transformation of business processes focused on digital integration and allow companies to adapt to global challenges. The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithmic basis for making optimal decisions when forming a plan for barter transactions for a possible range of company's product matrix. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to use methods for balancing the interests of the parties, matching algorithms and the "top trading cycle" (Top Trading Cycle), as well as the application of software optimization methods. Additionally, modern financial market trends aimed at integrating digital instruments developed by large technology companies into the payment landscape of BIG TECH digital instruments are taken into account. The work focuses on the problems of platform transformation, which helps service providers adapt to new economic realities, digital instruments that ensure increased competitiveness of companies, new algorithms and models for barter transactions, which can become part of the platform strategy.

Currently, there is a rapid expansion of the information space. This gives society new opportunities and poses new problems. Thus, information is often used not for its intended purpose, but as a tool of information wars, which have a psychological impact on the consciousness of the population. At the same time, the concept of "information war" is interpreted differently, so there is no consensus in assessing the impact of information wars on human consciousness. Based on the aforesaid, studies aimed at assessing this impact and developing measures to counter mental information and statistical sabotage are relevant. Objective. To clarify the essence of the concepts of "information war", "mental information and statistical sabotage", to consider the methodological issues of using information in mental wars, as a result of which a change in worldview is possible. Methodology. Theoretical research methods are used in the form of generalization, comparison and special analytical procedures. Results. The article provides a literature review devoted to the problems of mental information and statistical sabotage. It is noted that statistical data plays an important role in information impact, as they allow one to clearly demonstrate the correctness of certain ideas. Methods of manipulating statistical data are considered. Conclusions. The problems of mental information and statistical sabotage are becoming especially relevant in the modern world. The features of mental information and statistical sabotage are revealed, the causes and directions of counteraction to them are determined. Firstly, the system of the unified state examination had positive and negative consequences. Due to the test system of preparation and accumulation of knowledge, which implies not creativity, but drilling for correct answers, many historical, literary, cultural and other values ​​were left overboard. This paved the way for information and statistical sabotage. Secondly, insufficient statistical literacy. The population does not have the special knowledge that would allow it to quickly and successfully understand outright statistical disinformation, and even less so veiled statistical sabotage of a mental nature. Scope of application of the obtained results. The material can be useful in developing measures to counter mental information and statistical sabotage.

The article is devoted to the problem of national and cultural specificity of phraseological units with the component of names of domestic and wild animals in languages of different structures. Comparative analysis of Karachay-Balkar and Ingush languages allows to reflect the unique ability of people to capture and record particular similarity, divergence between man and animal world. The work reveals features of the metaphorical use of the animal world to characterize man. The image of animals helps to create a vivid picture of human moral qualities of speakers of the studied languages. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to study phraseological units with a component of names of domestic and wild animals in Karachay-Balkar and Ingush languages ​​in order to identify common and specific features inherent in these language cultures. This is especially relevant for modern linguistics due to the small number of special studies with a comparative analysis of animalistic connotation and conceptual metaphor in languages ​​of different systems.

The scientific novelty of the study is that it is an initial attempt to conduct a comparative analysis of phraseological units with a component of names of domestic and wild animals of languages ​​of different structures from the point of view of their national and cultural specificity.

The article is written with the aim of conducting a comparative analysis of phraseological units, expressions, idioms with names of domestic and wild (predatory) animals based on the material of Karachay-Balkar and Ingush languages.

The methodological basis of the study was theoretical works concerning classification and semantic analysis of phraseological units, which are not only fixed expressions with complicated semantics, but also units of mental representation. The emphasis is placed on the fact that phraseological units with names of domestic and wild animals contain culturally significant information, which is expressed both in the denotative and connotative aspects of meaning.

The material for the study is factual material from various lexicographic sources, as well as texts from some genres of folklore, published in academic and textbook scientific publications.

The article is devoted to the application of information modeling capabilities for creating complex building structures using the example of an arched truss using the Dynamo visual programming environment. The authors consider the advantages of using this technology in the design of building objects and the features of working with the Revit program, which is the main tool for implementing the presented project. Using automation of the design of arched trusses through writing scripts in Dynamo can significantly reduce time costs and improve the accuracy of calculations. The purpose of the study: to develop a method for the automated creation of an information model of an arched truss in Revit using Dynamo, to optimize the modeling process. The article provides examples of specific problems solved using this approach, and discusses the prospects for further development of information modeling technology in construction.

The article examines main methods of automatic processing, grouping and annotation of information. It is shown that methods of automatic analysis of Data Mining are based on the use of certain statistical patterns (classification, regression), search for keywords, but do not use algorithms for linguistic processing of texts. Thus, automatic analysis of text information carried out by modern means of analytical processing is not able to process texts content. To compare two simple sentences by content, the resolution method was used. Studies have shown the unification algorithm does not take into account content of sentences. Because the solution to the problem of comparative analysis of text information by content, a new algorithm for working with logical and linguistic models is proposed. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the method of quickly extracting a set of local descriptors describing all parts of the image, which allows us to significantly speed up the annotation process and form a more complete global visual descriptor of the image.

This paper presents a mathematical model describing interaction of atmospheric precipitation and hydrolithospheric processes on sloping surfaces. The model takes into account the key factors influencing formation of surface and subsurface runoff, soil erosion and relief change. The modeling results demonstrate dependence of intensity of erosion processes on precipitation features and geomorphological parameters of slopes. The results obtained can be applied for prediction of erosion processes and development of effective soil protection measures.

The aim of the work is to create theoretical foundations for simulation modeling of agents of universal artificial intelligence based on the metaphor of designing multi-agent neurocognitive architectures. The task of the study is to develop basic principles of simulation modeling of consciousness of intelligent agents under the control of neurocognitive architectures. A formal definition of an agent of universal artificial intelligence is given. A hypothesis is proposed about the structural and functional organization of consciousness of universal artificial intelligence based on the metaphor of designing a multi-component multi-agent neurocognitive architecture. Some principles of simulation modeling of the consciousness of agents of universal artificial intelligence are developed based on the context-deterministic development of the control neurocognitive architecture in a communicative social real environment.