No 2 (2023)

The information function of the financial market plays a key role in the pricing of financial assets. As the importance of information rises, it becomes more expensive and its value begins to exceed the value of the market assets themselves. This gives grounds for including the information factor as a variable not only in the pricing model of financial assets, but also in the financial market as a whole. Information acts as an argument for a non-linear function of return, price and risk level. The stable functioning of the financial market today is of paramount importance for the global financial system and the development of national economies. Is the stock market secondary or does it affect real economic activity? The article touches upon the potential effects of financial markets, which follow from the informational role of market prices. It is shown that taking into account the feedback effect from market prices to the real economy significantly changes our understanding of the pricing process, information content of prices and trading behavior of speculators.

The paper considers linear martingale and nonlinear conditionally Gaussian models. In practice, they are not enough to reflect the asymmetric effects of external influences (exogenous factors). For this reason, it is proposed to use fractal Brownian models along with them. At the same time, one should take into account the degree of information content of the price itself, the reflexivity of price information, i.e. the ability of prices to form market expectations and the psychological factor leading to non-linearity and dynamic chaos.

A typical feature of the digital economy is the transformation of business models in all sectors of the economy under the influence of the development of digital technologies, the diffusion of different classes of artificial intelligence solutions. In the automotive industry, the driver of such transformations are unmanned vehicle control systems and the growing influence of the “mobility as a service” (MaaS) paradigm, which has gained particular popularity in recent years.

The growing MaaS market and the shift of consumer value from the ownership model to the use model form a new mobility, according to which the transport system depends on the implementation of the principles of the sharing economy concept. Sharing begins to play an important role and becomes dominant in the formation of new consumer patterns, which directly affects the business models of both Russian and foreign automakers. The growing maturity of unmanned technologies also has an impact, which is reflected in strategic partnerships and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions, including with startups specializing in unmanned driving technologies.

The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize the conceptual foundations of MaaS and the practice of transforming business processes in the context of the development of unmanned technologies.

The article offers recommendations on the formation of innovative business models of automakers, taking into account the ongoing changes in the technological component of the external environment under the influence of the development of technological solutions of artificial intelligence in the MaaS paradigm. Special attention is paid to the development of proposals for the successful transformation of business models of leading automakers, taking into account the global trends of MaaS and the growing maturity of unmanned technologies.

When conducting the study, the authors relied on scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, documents with state initiatives on the use of unmanned technologies on public roads in Australia, Great Britain, Germany, China, the Netherlands, the Russian Federation, the USA, and South Korea. The information base was compiled by reports of consulting companies: McKinsey, BCG, KPMG, PwC, statistical data of EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, NAIC, OICA.

The article analyzes the foreign economic potential of Latin American countries in the context of its development in the last decade, characterized by significant global crises and geopolitical upheavals. Considering that Latin American countries are active participants in international relations, including with the Russian Federation, and also play a significant role in the international division of labor, we have set the goal of the study – to quantify the changes and the state of the main economic indicators that reflect both foreign economic and domestic processes in the leading countries of the region under consideration, which determine their foreign economic potential. To achieve this goal, traditional methods of scientific knowledge, analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of analytical tools for working with statistical data were used: tabular, graphical, coefficient method, analytical indicators of time series. Based on the results of the study, a number of patterns of recent years have been identified. In particular, the region under consideration experienced the colossal destructive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, however, under these conditions, it generally retained its position in the share of world GDP, which is demonstrated by the analyzed international statistics. According to the results of the analysis, it was noted that the realization of the potential of Latin American countries and the development of their economies is ensured through significant structural changes with priorities for such sectors as the agro-industrial complex and high technology, which largely provides prospects for further development of foreign economic activity and strengthening its position in world markets. The data of international statistics demonstrate the effectiveness of the efforts of the leadership of these states to reduce dependence on the export of the oil and gas industry and develop other types of economic activity. A special place in the economies of countries and their potential as a global supplier is occupied by the modernizing agro-industrial complex, and the tourism services sector plays a significant role. The development of enterprises in the field of information and communication services and digital technologies is assessed by experts as the potential for new positive qualitative changes both for the domestic economy and for international cooperation. However, despite the potential, the economies of Latin America are also subject to systemic problems, which are also clearly reflected in the statistics. The main ones are: corruption, which prevents the formation of a favorable market environment; the complexity of organizing business activities; negative investment flows reflecting capital flight; low standard of living of the population as a whole. As a conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the main systemic problems that prevent the countries of Latin America from realizing their socio-economic potential, as well as about the possibilities of foreign economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and them.

The development of the methodological apparatus of strategic planning of meso-economic systems has been a burning issue of the scientific community for the past two decades. However, currently, domestic practice pays insufficient attention to the regulation of agglomeration processes using strategic planning mechanisms. In particular, there is no unified methodological approach to the development of strategic plans for urban agglomerations at the federal, regional and municipal levels of public administration.

It should be noted that some Russian regions are actively implementing the institution of strategic planning for urban agglomerations. However, these practices are adapted approaches from corporate management, which cannot be fully used due to the difference between the goals of corporate and public management. Strategic planning of agglomerations is a basic form of spatial planning, which aims to determine the purpose of territories based on a set of socio-economic, environmental, cultural-historical, political-management and other factors. The implementation of this process is aimed at sustainable development of territories, increasing the infrastructure provision of spatial development, ensuring that the interests of citizens and their associations are taken into account.

The aim of the article is to work out the model of strategic planning for managing the development of urban agglomerations. The problems and prospects of strategic planning and management in Russian agglomerations are revealed, the regional practices of regulating agglomeration processes are considered. The analysis of existing strategic planning in Russian agglomerations has been carried out.

Scientific novelty of the research lies in the definition of new approaches to the formation of strategic planning of urban agglomerations at the regional level. The use of strategic management tools at each stage of strategic planning of agglomeration processes has been substantiated. The author’s model of strategic planning of urban agglomerations is developed.

The practical significance of the article lies in the possibility of using the developed model of strategic planning for the formation of development strategies and program-target documents of urban agglomerations.

The following methods are used for the study: comparative analysis, content analysis, graphical method and system approach, methods of observation and modeling, etc.

Despite the positive effect of the implementation of existing federal targeted programs and national projects in the field of road safety (RTS), the death rate on roads remains quite high. The article considers the current state of accidents, the dynamics of the development of the road network and the level of motorization over the past 10 years. The factors that determine the current state of accidents are identified. Based on the accident rate on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it was revealed that the most serious road traffic accidents (RTA) occur on roads outside the city limits, a large percentage of accidents involving vehicles of categories M2, M3 and N. Based on the analysis of studies in the field of road safety assessment and statistical data, the purpose of the study is defined - to identify the impact of traffic flow parameters and road characteristics on road safety.

The paper uses the methods of mathematical statistics, the content of which was determined in the course of a study of 20 sites on the FAD in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For analysis, sections were selected that differ in the level of accidents, traffic flow characteristics and geometric parameters.

As a result of a scientific study, it is mathematically confirmed that traffic safety is influenced by the composition of the traffic flow and the variational range of speeds between the overtaken and overtaking vehicles. The dependence of the variational range of speeds between the overtaken and overtaking vehicles on the composition of the traffic flow, the dependence of the partial accident rate coefficient K11 on the variational range of speeds between the overtaken and overtaking vehicles are determined. A regression model has been obtained for the dependence of the average annual number of accidents on the width of the shoulder, the radius of the curve in plan, visibility, the distance from the edge of the carriageway to a cliff with a depth of more than 5 m, the friction coefficient, the composition of the traffic flow, the variation range of speeds between the overtaken and overtaking vehicles.

The scientific novelty of the study is the dependence of the average annual number of accidents on the traffic flow parameters and road characteristics.

The practical significance of the study lies in the increase in traffic safety due to the use of the final accident rate method in its assessment, which takes into account the composition of the traffic flow and the variational range of speeds between the overtaken and overtaken vehicles.

Further research is aimed at identifying yet unaccounted for factors influencing RTS.

The service life of cars is a key indicator for planning the replacement of outdated equipment with a new one. It is also taken into account during the technical re-equipment of the industry, the development of the material and technical base and has a direct impact on the final results of the enterprise. It is shown that limiting the maximum age and service life of cars is one of the ways to increase their reliability, safety and efficiency. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for determining the rational service life of cars, providing a given level of reliability of transport and technological services. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the establishment of patterns and the development of mathematical models of the influence of age and operating time on the parameter of the failure rate of cars. The methodological basis of the work was the systematization of research works carried out earlier on this topic, regulatory documents, scientific and technical literature, as well as methods of mathematical statistics, elements of a systematic approach, methods of economic analysis and expert assessments. Methods of determining rational service life of cars are considered. It is established that each of the known methods has a limited scope of use. So, the schedule built for the implementation of the technical and economic method does not always have a minimum. It is proposed to set the maximum operating time according to the admissible probability of failure. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account not only the mileage since the entry into operation, as it is accepted in most known methods, but also car operation intensity. It is shown that in the general case, there is no statistically significant linear correlation between car age and mileage since the entry into operation. One-factor and two-factor models of the regularities of the influence of these indicators on car failure intensity were developed. On the basis of statistical data on failures of cars of different ages and at different mileages since the entry into operation, the adequacy of the proposed models was checked and the numerical values of their parameters were established. Based on the obtained dependencies, a method for determining the age limit of cars, taking into account their operation intensity, was developed. The effect of it is formed due to a more accurate determination of the service life of cars, which affects the reduction of the number of failures, losses from downtime in current repairs and downtime of the main production of the enterprises under discussion. Further research in this area should be directed to the development of a methodology for adjusting the service life of cars, taking into account their operating conditions.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the internal content of the rhetoric and the main features of the construction of protest movements. For this study, the «Black Lives Matter» movement was used as a subject, as a phenomenon in which the desired components are most clearly traced. Due to the correlation of the spontaneous and irrational aspects and the speculative-radical, pragmatic component, the studied specifics and content are successfully identified. This study uses a combination of methods (dialectical, analytical, content analysis, etc.), as well as approaches (ethical, social, political, etc.). As a result, the author comes to the following conclusions and results: 1. Protests of this kind are characterized by targeted damage to cultural and historical heritage in order to initiate its devaluation. 2. One of the characteristics is «reverse racism», which is directed not only against a certain category of people, but mostly by teleological primacy has the acquisition of special advantages and quotas. 3. In the rhetoric of such organizations, there is an immanent speculative tendency to deny the rights of the individual, to «average» the individual before being elevated to the masses, as well as the formation of a new stereotyping. 4. The repressive cult of violence and cruelty is draped with the ideas of «noble struggle». 5. Special conscious radicalism (both ideological and expressed in specific intentional acts), which excludes the possibility of dialogue. 6. The eradication of history and tradition presupposes the formation of a new socio-political system, and morality and religion are tools for achieving such goals. 7. Escalation within the framework of moral consciousness, attitudes, behavior and value system of the «tolerance» fetish, which becomes a total system for controlling / suppressing freedom (opinions, attitudes, etc.), creating an alibi of responsibility and conditions for the degeneration of individuality.