Measuring. Monitoring. Management. Control
ISSN (print): 2307-5538
Founder: Penza State University, Research Institute of Physical Measurements, JSC (NIIFI)
Editor-in-Chief: Artamonov Dmitry Vladimirovich, Doctor of Engineering. sciences, professor
Frequency / Access: 4 issues per year / Open
Included in: Higher Attestation Commission List, RISC
Current Issue
No 1 (2025)
INFORMATION-MEASURING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
A MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF CURRENT IDENTIFICATION OF DYNAMIC MEANS OF TELE-MEASUREMENT AND RESTORATION OF TELEMETERED PARAMETERS BASED ON THE INTRODUCTION OF MINIMAL STRUCTURAL REDUNDANCY
Abstract
Background. The relevance of this work is due to the need to improve the accuracy of tele-measurements of rocket and space technology products in difficult interference conditions, including under the influence of various kinds of destabilizing factors (CF), the frequency spectrum lies in the spectrum of the useful signal. The aim of the work is to develop a model of the process of current (in-service) identification of dynamic means of tele-measurement (DTI) and restoration of telemetered parameters (TMP) based on the introduction of minimal structural redundancy with little a priori information regarding the statistical characteristics of the useful signal and interference. Materials and methods. The analysis of the reasons affecting the accuracy of the TUE at the place of operation of the measuring object is carried out. A detailed description is given of the two main components of the total TUE error: the identification error caused by the difference between the real TUE operator and its nominal value due to the effect on the parameters of the real operator of a set of uncertain DFS, and the error in restoring the TUE input signal for the dynamic measurement mode. A model of the process of the current identification of dynamic SRT and recovery of TMP is proposed based on the introduction of an additional measuring channel and a quasi-optimal regularizing operator, which is part of the reverse filter of the recovery operator. Results and conclusions. The research results can be used to improve the accuracy of measuring systems in the dynamic measurement mode, including under conditions of exposure to RF, the frequency spectrum lies in the spectrum of the useful signal, as well as for metrological self-monitoring in intelligent measuring systems.
5-13
IMPROVEMENT OF HIGH PRESSURE BENCH SYSTEMS
Abstract
Background. The object of the study is a high-pressure stand. The subject of the study is the ways to improve the systems of the high-pressure stand to meet modern requirements. The purpose of the work is to increase the reliability of the DPA test results, reduce the complexity of performing tuning operations, tests. Materials and methods. In the process of improvement, an analysis of the technical condition and defect of the stand was carried out, according to the results of which the directions for improving the stand were determined, ensuring high efficiency, productivity and reliability of testing processes and increasing the range of reproducible pressure values, based on the basic principles of its operation and functioning, as well as through the use of a more modern and advanced element base. Parts and assemblies have been manufactured, as well as their installation and assembly to working condition. Commissioning works have been carried out, including comprehensive testing, commissioning of the stand, as well as preparation of the stand for the production process. Results. Due to the new principle of operation of the pressure supply system, an increase in the range of reproducible overpressure values up to 2000 kg/cm2 was achieved, the supply of overpressure to the DPA was ensured while simultaneously exposed to low temperatures up to minus 196 °C. Thanks to the developed software, the control of the liquid nitrogen supply is automated. Conclusions. The implemented solutions in order to improve the overpressure supply system and the newly developed stand design solve the actual problems of sensor-converting equipment for measuringpressures in harsh operating conditions typical for the operation of rocket and space technology products. Automation of the stand made it possible to achieve a reduction in the registration time of analog output signals during testing, increase the accuracy and reliability of temperature reproduction due to high-precision digital recording equipment, optimize the consumption of liquid nitrogen to reproduce the required temperature values.
14-19
SAFETY STANDARDS FOR COLLABORATIVE ROBOTS
Abstract
Background. Collaborative robots are a major trend in various industry sectors as cobots transform workspaces and increase productivity. Ensuring safety in operator-cobot interactions is one of the key issues when introducing cobots into manufacturing. Materials and methods. This article reviews the main technical safety standards governing the design, installation and operation of cobots, such as: ISO 10218-1:2011; ISO/TS 15066:2016; ISO 10218-2:2011. The main part of the article analyses key aspects of collaborative robotics safety, including: risk assessment of scenarios of operator-cobot interaction in a collaborative workspace; principles of safe workspace design; technical means of safety (sensors, emergency stop systems, force and speed limitation); methods of validation and verification of cobot safety. The paper also analyses technological problems that cobotics defines and describes possible solutions in order to optimise the interaction between cobots and the operator as a whole. Results and conclusions. Compliance with the presented recommendations will not only minimize the risks associated with the use of cobots, but also unlock the full potential of collaborative robotics to create economical, safe and high-performance workplaces of the future.
20-27
THE ALGORITHM FOR CONTROLLING THE INFORMATION AND MEASURING LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM OF AN AUTOMOTIVE GAS FILLING COMPRESSOR STATION
Abstract
Background. The use of natural gas as a fuel is becoming increasingly popular, as gas is more environmentally friendly and cheaper than gasoline. To refuel equipment with gas fuel, an automotive gasfilling compressor station is used, where compression and drying of natural gas are carried out. Gas treatment is associated with increased requirements for operating conditions and safety, therefore, it is advisable to automate the monitoring of station status indicatorsby creating an automated information and measurement life support system. To implement the entire functionality of such a system, it is necessary to develop a control algorithm. Materials and methods. Methods of discrete mathematics and logic are used to create an algorithm for the operation of an automated system. A cyclically repeating sequence of actions for checking logical conditions and changing the state of the output data of the algorithm has been developed. Results. The article substantiates the need to automate the information and measurement life support system of an automotive gas filling compressor station. The structure of the information and measurement system with a description of the functions and composition of its elements is given. The algorithm of life support system management is presented graphically and its structure is substantiated. Conclusions. The developed algorithm for controlling the information and measuring life support system ensures safe operation and maintenance of working conditions for the effective functioning of an automotive gas filling station. The hazards that arise when working with compressed gas must be controlled automatically in order to reduce the influence of the human factor.
28-33
DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY OF INSTRUMENTATION AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MANUFACTURING PLANNING
Abstract
Background. In modern manufacturing, optimization of production processes is becoming increasingly important. One of the effective tools to achieve this goal is the use of MES/APS systems (Manufacturing Execution System/ Advanced Planning and Scheduling) in combination with IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) and artificial intelligence (AI), which qualitatively affects the development and implementation of new methods and means of mechanization, automation, robotics and digitalization of instrument-making production, ensuring increased productivity, reduced labor intensity, increased cost-effectiveness of production, taking into account the solution of issues of ensuring reliability, environmental safety and the possibility of implementation in digital information technologies. In this article, we will consider the prospects and challenges associated with the use of these technologies, and discuss the possibility of using MES/APS as a digital assistant for the dispatcher. Materials and methods. The research is based on the interaction of a set of MES/APS software and hardware, AI and the domestic Industrial Internet of Things Platform IIoT.Istok. Results. The article provides an overview of the digital assistant and a brief analysis. Conclusions. The presented research on the use of MES/APS with AI as a digital assistant can improve production efficiency by automating the production manager's workplace.
34-45
DEVICES AND METHODS OF MEASURING
PULSE METER ON THE MICROCONTROLLER OF THE RECHARGE TIME OF THE TIR STRUCTURE
Abstract
Background. The task of producing high-speed semiconductor elements is inextricably linked with the use of MD structures used as the basis for these elements with weakly pronounced relaxation properties. Materials and methods. To measure the time constant of the exponential component of the pulse voltage, the «two-serif» method is used, implemented using a controlled ADC included in the microcontroller (MC). The current samples, except for the very first one, are the exponential voltage amplitudes obtained at the ADC output, after scaling by a factor of 2.72, the code matching scheme (CSC) is compared with the result of the initial sample. When the compared codes coincide, the SSC generates a single-level signal, which converts the trigger (Tg) to the zero state, which was previously in a single state under the influence of the signal of the first sample. As a result, a time interval equal in value to the time constant of the exponential voltage will be formed at the output of the Tg. Results. The construction of a meter based on MK makes it possible to implement a fairly universal meter of the recharge time of the TIR structure, the reaction voltage of which to an external impulse action will have an exponential component in its composition, not of a decreasing type, but of an established one. The «two-serif» method should also be used here, but it is already necessary to consider the ratio of the subsequent sampling of the amplitude of the exponential component of the input voltage to the initial sample. Conclusions. The use of an MC in a meter containing a controlled ADC that performs sampling operations at specified time intervals, by reducing the value of the latter, can estimate the value of the time constant of the exponential component of the stress of the reaction of the TIR structure to external influences, and therefore evaluate the relaxation properties of the latter, with high accuracy.
46-52
DETERMINATION AMPLITUDE RESONANT FREQUENCIES TEMPERATURE SENSOR UNDER ACTION OF SINUSOIDAL VIBRATION
Abstract
Background. Electronics, information technology, control, instrumentation, information processing and storage, telecommunications have become the technical base of high technologies. The armament of these means, the completeness of their use determines the appearance modern society. Separately in this row are aerospace object control systems, where increased layout density in combination with high speed and increased functionality, increased reliability in conditions of extreme external influences are added to the general problems electronics development. These additional requirements determined the individual features of the development electronics production and in its fundamental part – sensor equipment. Materials and methods. As a research method, simulation modeling was used, in which the studied sensor is replaced by its model, with which experiments are carried out in order to obtain information about this object. The experiment used specialized Solidworks software to avoid expensive and lengthy test cycles. Results. As a result of modeling, diagrams of temperature distribution fields at critical temperatures were obtained in order to study the effect of these conditions on the parts included in the studied object.
53-58
THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF EDDY CURRENT SENSORS
Abstract
Background. The relevance of the topic is due to the variety of applications and designs of eddy current sensors. The information contained in the article corresponds to the current state of methods and means of technical measurements and reflects the latest achievements of science and technology in the field under consideration. The purpose of the work is an analytical review of modern types, description of applications and consideration of trends in the development of eddy current sensors. Materials and methods. Using the eddy current method of non-destructive testing, it is possible to assess the condition and mechanical properties of materials, determine the thickness of the layer, identify defects in the form of discontinuities, measure the distance between fast-moving objects, etc. Results and conclusions. The eddy current method of non-destructive testing has tangible advantages over other methods, namely: accuracy of the results obtained, multiparameterization, non-contact, weak influence of environmental factors, automation.
59-69
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PARAMETERS OF MICROARC OXIDE COATINGS DEPENDING ON THEIR FIELD OF APPLICATION
Abstract
Background. Due to the increased interest in the use of oxide coatings in various industries, including medicine and electronics, it is necessary to systematize the known requirements for the quality parameters and operational properties of microarc oxide coatings, depending on their field of application. The aim of the work is to establish the compliance of the quality parameters of microarc oxide coatings with the requirements depending on their field of application. Materials and methods. The requirements for the performance characteristics of high-strength protective coatings obtained by microarc oxidation are analyzed in the context of their application in aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, and medical devices. Results. Based on the analysis of specific examples of existing applications of microarc oxide coatings, the requirementsfor their operational characteristics have been identified. Examples of multifunctional oxide coatings on aluminum and titanium are considered from the point of view of these requirements, and the expediency of their use in mechanical engineering, the aerospace industry, and medical devices is shown. Conclusions. The results obtained were used in the development of a digital twin of the process of obtaining microarc oxide coatings with specified properties.
70-78
MEDICAL DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS
THE USE OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN COMBINATION WITH A BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE IN MOTOR REHABILITATION
Abstract
Background. The purpose of this review is to determine the prospects for using virtual reality technologies in combination with the brain-computer interface in motor rehabilitation. The use of virtual reality technology (hereinafter referred to as VR) in medicine is a relevant area that opens up new prospects in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. VR covers more and more areas of medicine and will be able to become its integral part, helping doctors improve the methods of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases that already exist. Materials and methods. This review presents existing developments, innovative projects and research in the field of VR used in medical education and practice. Results and conclusions. Particular attention is paid to the use of VR technologies in neurorehabilitation. The studies below reflect not only need for this technology in medicine, but also show the effectiveness and superiority of VR over traditional approaches, VR is a rapidly developing trend in the training of medical personnel, due to the unique ability to simulate real situations that require a quick and accurate response. VR allows for the creation of personalized rehabilitation programs, for example, after acute cerebrovascular accident and various injuries, providing patients with maximum involvement in the recovery process.
79-89
DEVELOPMENT OF A GLOVE CONTROLLER WITH BIOFEEDBACK OF VIRTUAL REALITY BASED ON AN ELECTROPNEUMATIC DRIVE
Abstract
Background. In modern virtual reality controllers, the feedback system remains underdeveloped and, as a rule, is limited only to vibration responses. This problem prevents the user from fully immersing himself in virtual scenes, as it does not provide an adequate understanding of the interaction between a person and objects in the virtual world. Materials and methods. The analysis of existing solutions for the implementation of a biofeedback system in virtual reality is carried out. Based on the identified advantages and disadvantages, an electronically controlled pneumatic actuator was selected. The necessary sensors and actuators have been identified for the correct operation of the system. Various types of sensors are considered, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Results. As a result of the analysis, the key components for the implementation of the system were selected: an air compressor, pneumatic two-position valves and their variants were selected. A suitable microcontroller with the ability to expand functionality through built-in modules has been identified, and the type of sensor for determining the position of fingers has been selected. Conclusions. The proposed technical solution can find wide application not only in the gaming industry, but also in the rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor functions of the hands due to injuries, strokes, diseases or aging.
90-96