The Interplay between Corrective Feedback, Motivation and EFL Achievement in Middle and High School Education
- Authors: Ahmetovic E.1, Becirovic S.1, Dubravac V.1, Brdarevic-Celjo A.1
-
Affiliations:
- International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Issue: Vol 9, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 26-40
- Section: Research Papers
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2411-7390/article/view/301893
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2023.12663
- ID: 301893
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Introduction. Despite the fact that error correction has significant and long-term effects on facilitating language learning and development, there has not been any research that investigates its influence on learners' motivation within the classroom context of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Purpose. This research aims to examine the impact of written and oral corrective feedback on students' motivation and achievement within this EFL context.
Method. For this quantitative study, the questionnaire has been used to collect the data from 160 middle and high school students in central Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Results. The findings indicated that the respondents generally like to be corrected and they are moderately to highly motivated to speak and write in English as a foreign language. Furthermore, learners with positive attitudes towards the received feedback feel significantly more motivated to keep learning than those with negative attitudes.
Conclusion. The study is expected to provide teachers with suggestions on how to transform their classrooms into an environment conducive to the development of higher levels of writing and speaking motivation and how to provide corrective feedback that will positively influence students' EFL achievement.
Keywords
About the authors
E. Ahmetovic
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Author for correspondence.
Email: emnijeta00@gmail.com
S. Becirovic
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Email: senad.becirovic@ibu.edu.ba
V. Dubravac
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Email: vildana.dubravac@ibu.edu.ba
A. Brdarevic-Celjo
International Burch University, Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaReferences
- Ahmetović, E., Bećirović, S., & Dubravac, V. (2020). Motivation, anxiety and students' performance. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 9(2), 271-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2020.2.271
- Al-Darei, I. S. & Ahmed, A. M. (2022). The effect of feedback type in the e-learning environment on students' achievement and motivation. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 5(3), 694-705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1111527
- Al-Rubai'ey, F., & Nassaji, H. (2013). Direct and indirect metalinguistic feedback: A matter of suitability rather than superiority. In M. Mahmoud & R. Al Mahrooqi (Eds.), TEFL in the Arab World (pp. 28-43). Sultan Qaboos University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/isla.37949
- Akram, M., & Ghani, M. (2013). Gender and language learning motivation. Academic Research International, 4(2), 536-540.
- Ashwell, T. (2000). Patterns of teacher response to student writing in a multi-draft composition classroom: Is content feedback followed by form feedback the best method? Journal of Second Language Writing, 9(3), 227-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.484
- Bećirović, S. (2023). Digital pedagogy: The use of digital technologies in contemporary education. Springer.
- Bećirović, S., & Brdarević-Čeljo, A., (2018). Exploring and assessing cross-cultural sensitivity in Bosnian tertiary education: Is there a real promise of harmonious coexistence? European Journal of Contemporary Education, 7(2), 244-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2018.2.244
- Bećirović, S., Dubravac, V., & Brdarević-Čeljo, A. (2022). Cooperative learning as a pathway to strengthening motivation and improving achievement in an EFL classroom. SAGE Open, 12(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221078016
- Bitchener, J., Young, S., & Cameron, D. (2005). The effect of different types of corrective feedback on ESL student writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 14(3), 191-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2005.08.001
- Bitchener, J. (2008). Evidence in support of written corrective feedback. Journal of Second Language Writing, 17(2), 102-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2007.11.004
- Bitchener, J., & Storch, N. (2016). Written corrective feedback for L2 development. Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783095056
- Bitchener, J. (2017). Why some L2 learners fail to benefit from written corrective feedback. In H. Nassaji & E. Kartchava (Eds.), Corrective feedback in second language teaching and learning (pp. 129-40). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315621432-10
- Boscolo, P., & Gelati, C. (2013). Best practices in promoting motivation for writing. In S. Graham, C.A. MacArthur, & J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Best practices in writing instruction (2nd ed., pp. 202- 222). The Guilford Press.
- Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Asotić, M. (2017). The influence of social context, grade level and gender on the use of language learning strategies in primary schools. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(12), 7-14.
- Brdarević-Čeljo, A., Bećirović, S., & Bureković, M. (2018). The use of imaginative conditional clauses by Bosnian university-level English-majoring students. The Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education, 11(2), 25-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2018.11.2.2
- Brdarević-Čeljo, A., Ahmetović, E., & Bajić, E. (2021). Variations in attitudes towards codeswitching and codeswitching frequency among multilingual speakers. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. Advance online publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1983580
- Brdarević-Čeljo, A., Bećirović, S., & Dubravac, V. (2021). An examination of perceived reading strategy use among university level students. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 10(3), 595-608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2021.3.595
- Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Dubravac, V. (2022). Engleski u BiH: Između uglađenog i ležernog [English in B&H: Posh or casual?]. Multidisciplinary Academic Publishing.
- Brown, D. (2016). The type and linguistic foci of oral corrective feedback in the L2 classroom: A meta-analysis. Language Teaching Research, 20(4), 436-458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168814563200
- Bruton, A. (2010). Another reply to Truscott on error correction: Improved situated designs over statistics. System, 38(3), 491-498. 10.1016/j. system.2010.07.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2010.07.001
- Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Chandler, J. (2009). Response to Truscott. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18(1), 57-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2008.09.002
- Calderón, N. (2013). EFL learner and teacher perspectives on corrective feedback and their effect on second language learning motivation [Unpublished Master's thesis]. McGill University.
- Chen, S., Nassaji, H., & Liu, Q. (2016). EFL learners' perceptions and preferences of written corrective feedback: A case study of university students from Mainland China. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 1(5), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-016-0010-y
- Chen, S., & Nassaji, H. (2018). Focus on form and corrective feedback at the University of Victoria. Language Teaching, 51(2), 278-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S026144481800006X
- Choi, S. (2013). The effects of written corrective feedback on second language writing focused on the English writing system [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
- Chua, Y. P. (2013). Mastering research statistics. McGraw-Hill Education.
- DeKeyser, R.M. (1993). The effect of error correction on L2 grammar knowledge and oral proficiency. The Modern Language Journal, 77(4), 501-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-4781.1993.TB01999.X
- Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). University of Nebraska Press.
- Delić, H., Bećirović, S., & Brdarević Čeljo, A. (2018). Effects of grade level and gender on foreign language learning process in Bosnian high schools.International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review, 5(6), 83-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15739/IJEPRR.18.010
- Dervić, M., & Bećirović, S. (2019). Native and non-native EFL teachers dichotomy: Terminological, competitiveness and employment discrimination. Journal of Language and Education, 5(3), 114-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.9746
- Doughty C., & Long M. (2003). Optimal psycholinguistic environments for distance foreign language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 7(3), 50-80. http://dx.doi.org/10125/25214.
- Doughty, C. J., & Williams, J. (1998). Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
- Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 78(3), 273-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02042.x
- Dörnyei, Z. (2000). Motivation in action: Towards a process-oriented conceptualization of student motivation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70(4), 519-538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/000709900158281
- Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Routledge.
- Dörnyei, Z., & Csizer, K. (1998). Ten commandments for motivating language learners: Results of an empirical study. Language Teaching Research, 2(3), 203-229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/136216898668159830
- Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and Researching Motivation (2nd ed.). Pearson.
- Dubravac, V., Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Bećirović, S. (2018). The English of Bosnia and Herzegovina. World Englishes, 37(4), 635-652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12347
- Dubravac, V., Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Begagić, M. (2018). The presence of the British and American English variety among the first-year students at the University of Zenica. In A. Arnaut (Ed.), Saznanje, Zbornik radova 7. međunarodnog naučno - stručnog skupa: Obrazovanje, jezik, kultura: tendencije i izazovi [Cognition, Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific and Expert Meeting: Eduation, Language, Culture: Tendencies and Challenges] (pp. 518-528). University of Zenica.
- Dubravac, V., & Latić, E. (2019). The plasticity of students' language learning beliefs: Interplay of gender, grade and educational level. Journal of Language and Education Education, 5(4), 36-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.9732
- Dubravac, V., & Skopljak, N. (2020). Foreign and multilingual language play on social sites as an identity marker. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 15(1), 61-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2019.1701678
- Ellis R., (2009). Corrective feedback and teacher development. L2 Journal, 1(1), 3-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5070/l2.v1i1.9054
- Ellis, R. (2010). A framework for investigating oral and written corrective feedback. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32, 335-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263109990544
- Ellis, R., Sheen, Y., Murakami, M., & Takashima, H. (2008). The effects of focused and unfocused written corrective feedback in an English as a foreign language context. System, 36(3), 353-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2008.02.001
- Evans, N. W., Hartshorn, K. J., & Tuioti, E. A. (2010). Written corrective feedback: Practitioners' perspectives.International Journal of English Studies, 10(2), 47-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.10.2.119191
- Ferris, D. R. (2003). Response to student writing: Implications for second language students. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Ferris, D. (2006). Does error feedback help student writers? New evidence on the short- and long-term effects of written error correction. In K. Hyland & F. Hyland (Eds.), Feedback in second language writing: Contexts and issues (pp. 81-104). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524742.007
- Ferris, D. (2010). Second language writing research and written corrective feedback in SLA.Intersections and practical applications. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(2), 181-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263109990490
- Ferris, D., & Roberts, B. (2001). Error feedback in L2 writing classes. How explicit does it need to be? Journal of Second Language Writing, 10(3), 161-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(01)00039-X
- Flynn, S. (1996). Nature of development in L2 acquisition and implications for theories of language acquisition in general. In S. Flynn & W. O'Neill (Eds), Linguistic theory in second language acquisition (pp. 277-294). Kluwer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100009050
- Gardner, R. (2011). Language learning motivation: The student, the teacher and the researcher. Foreign Language Education, 6(1), 1-18.
- Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43(2), 157-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1992.tb00714.x
- Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions. Statistical Associates Publishing.
- Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2001). Second Language Acquisition, an Introductory Course, (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Gass, S. (2003). Input and interaction. In C. J. Doughty & M. H. Long (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 104-129). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/b.9781405132817.2005.00001.x
- Gooch, R., Saito, K., & Lyster, R. (2016). Effects of recasts and prompts on L2 pronunciationdevelopment: Teaching English /ɹ/ to Korean adult EFL learners. System, 60, 117-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.06.007
- Graham, S., Harris, K., & Hebert, M.A. (2011). Informing writing: The benefits of formative assessment. A Carnegie Corporation Time to Act report. Alliance for Excellent Education.
- Graham, S., & Harris, K.R. (2013). Designing an effective writing program. In S. Graham, C.A. MacArthur, & J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Best practices in writing instruction (pp. 3-25). The Guilford Press.
- Guilloteaux, M.J., & Dörnyei, Z. (2008). Motivating language learners: A classroom-oriented investigation of the effects of motivational strategies on student motivation. TESOL Quarterly, 42, 55-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2008.tb00207.x
- Ha, X. V., Nguyen, L. T., & Hung, B. P. (2021). Oral corrective feedback in English as a foreign language classrooms: A teaching and learning perspective. Heliyon, 7(7), e07550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07550
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Pearson Education International.
- Hamidun, H., Hizvari, Sh., & Othman, N. F. (2012). Enhancing student's motivation by providing feedback on writing: the case of international students from Thailand.International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2(6), 591-594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2012.V2.179
- Hamzić, U., & Bećirović, S. (2021). Twice-exceptional, half-noticed: The recognition issues of gifted students with learning disabilities. MAP Social Sciences, 1(1), 13-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53880/2744-2454.2021.1.1.13
- Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
- Hartshorn, K. J., Evans, N. W., Merrill, P. F., Sudweeks, R. R., Strong-Krause, D., & Anderson, N. J. (2010). Effects of dynamic corrective feedback on ESL writing accuracy. TESOLQuarterly, 44(1), 84-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2010.213781
- Hedgcock, J., & Lefkowitz, N. (1996). Some input on input: Two analyses of student response to expert feedback in L2 writing. The Modern Language Journal, 80(3), 287-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1996.tb01612.x
- Hyland, K. (1998). Boosting, hedging and the negotiation of academic knowledge. TEXT, 18(3), 349-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/text.1.1998.18.3.349
- Hyland, K. (2003). Second language writing. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667251
- Hyland, K., & Hyland, F. (2006). Feedback on second language students' writing (vol. 39). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444806003399
- Jean, G., & Simard, D. (2011). Grammar learning in English and French L2: Students' and teachers' beliefs and perceptions. Foreign Language Annals, 44(4), 465-492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2011.01143.x
- Kalaja, P., & Barcelos, A. M. F. (Eds.). (2003). Beliefs about SLA: New research approaches. Kluwer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4751-0
- Kang, E., & Han, Z. (2015). The efficacy of written corrective feedback in improving L2 written accuracy: A meta-analysis. Modern Language Journal, 9(1), 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12189
- Karim, K., & Nassaji, H. (2018). The revision and transfer effects of direct and indirect comprehensive corrective feedback on English-as-a-second-language (ESL) students' writing. Language Teaching Research, 3(1), 29-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168818802469
- Karim, K., & Nassaji, H. (2019). The effects of written corrective feedback: a critical synthesis of past and present research. Instructed Second Language Acquisition, 3(1), 28-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/isla.37949
- Kepner, C. G. (1991). An experiment in the relationship of types of written feedback to the development of second-language writing skills. The Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 305-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/328724
- Kim, H., & Mathes, G. (2001). Explicit vs. implicit corrective feedback. The Korea TESOL Journal, 4(1), 1-15.
- Kovačević, F., Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Bećirović, S. (2018). Opportunities and challenges facing Bosnian high-school EFL learners. European Researcher. Series A, 9(4), 298-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/er.2018.4.298
- Krashen, S. (1982). Newmark's Ignorance Hypothesis and current second language acquisition theory [Unpublished manuscript].
- Laličić, A., & Dubravac, V. (2021). The role of reading in English language classrooms. MAP Social Sciences, 1(1), 23-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53880/2744-2454.2021.1.1.23
- Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2005). What do students think about the pros and cons of having a native speaker teacher? In E. Llurda (Ed.), Non-Native language teachers (pp. 217-241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24565-0_12
- Lee, I. (2004). Error correction in L2 secondary writing classrooms: The case of Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language Writing 13(4), 285-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2004.08.001
- Lee, E. J. (2013). Corrective feedback preferences and learner repair among advanced ESL students. System, 41(2), 217-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.01.022
- Leki, I. (1991). The preferences of ESL students for error correction in college level writing classes. Foreign Language Annals, 24, 203-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1991.tb00464.x
- Li, S. (2010). The effectiveness of corrective feedback in SLA: A meta-analysis. Language Learning, 60(2), 309-365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00561.x
- Li, S., & Vuono, A. (2019). Twenty-five years of research on oral and written corrective feedback. System, 84, 93-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.05.006
- Long, M. H. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 413-468). Academic Press.
- Lopez, M. B., Steendam, E. V., Speelman, D., & Buyse, K. (2018) The differential effects of comprehensive feedback forms in the second language writing class. Language Learning, 68(3), 813-850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12295
- Lyster, R., Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (1999). A response to Truscott's 'What's wrong with oral grammar correction'. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 55(4), 457-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.55.4.457
- Lyster, R., & Saito, K. (2010). Oral feedback in classroom SLA. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(2), 265-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263109990520
- Lyster R., Saito K., & Sato M. (2013). Oral corrective feedback in second language classrooms. Language Teaching, 46(1), 1-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000365
- Mašić, A., Edda P. E., & Bećirović, S. (2020). The Relationship between Learning Styles, GPA, School Level and Gender. European Researcher. Series A, 11(1), 51-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13187/er.2020.1.51
- Nassaji, H. (2015). The interactional feedback dimension in instructed second language learning: Linking theory, research, and practice. Bloomsbury.
- Nassaji, H. (2016).Interactional feedback in second language teaching and learning: A synthesis and analysis of current research. Language Teaching Research, 20(4), 535-562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168816644940
- Nassaji, H. (2017). The effectiveness of extensive versus intensive recasts for learning L2 grammar. The Modern Language Journal, 101(2), 353-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12387
- Nassaji, H., & Kartchava, E. (2020). Corrective feedback and good language teachers. In C. Griffiths & Z. Tajeddin (Eds.), Lessons from good language teachers (pp. 151-163). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108774390.015
- Ogrić-Kevrić S., & Dubravac V. (2017). Students' and teachers' perceptions on skills acquisition and error correction treatment in Bosnian EFL context. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3(9), 187-194.
- Ortega, L. (2009). Understanding second language acquisition. Hodder Education.
- Papi M., Rios A., Pelt H., & Ozdemir E. (2019). Feedback-seeking behavior in language learning: Basic components and motivational antecedents. The Modern Language Journal, 103(1), 205-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12538
- Patra, I., Alazemi, A. F., Al-Jamal, D., & Gheisari, A. (2022). The effectiveness of teachers' written and verbal corrective feedback (CF) during formative assessment (FA) on male language learners' academic anxiety (AA), academic performance (AP), and attitude toward learning (ATL). Language Testing in Asia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-022-00169-2
- Polio, C., Fleck, C., & Leder, N. (1998). ‘If I only had more time': ESL learners' changes in linguistic accuracy on essay revisions. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7, 43-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(98)90005-4
- Polz, E., & Bećirović, S. (2022).Competency based teaching and learning. Multidisciplinary Academic Publishing.
- Plonsky, L., & Brown, D. (2015). Domain definition and search techniques in meta-analyses of L2 research (Or why 18 metanalyses of feedback have different results). Second Language Research, 31(2), 267-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0267658314536436
- Ramsden, P. (1992). Learning to teach in higher education. learning to teach in higher education. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079312331382498
- Ribo, R., & Vildana D. (2021). The influence of the English language on BCS with the focus on the business register. MAP Education and Humanities, 1(1), 20-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53880/2744-2373.2021.1.1.20
- Robb, T., Ross, S., & Shortreed, I. (1986). Salience of feedback on error and its effect on EFL writing quality. TESOL Quarterly, 20(1), 83-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3586390
- Russell, J., & Spada, N. (2006). The effectiveness of corrective feedback for second language acquisition: A meta-analysis of the research. In J. Norris & L. Ortega (Eds.), Synthesizing research on language learning and teaching (pp. 131-164). John Benjamins Publishing Company. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.13.09val
- Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 749-761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749
- Saito, K. (2021). Effects of corrective feedback on second language pronunciation development. In H. Nassaji & E. Kartchava (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of corrective feedback in language learning and teaching (pp. 407-428). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108589789.020
- Schachter, J. (1991). Corrective feedback in historical perspective. Second Language Research, 7(2), 89-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/026765839100202
- Schulz, R. A. (1996). Focus on form in the foreign language classroom: Students' and teachers' views on error correction and the role of grammar. Foreign Language Annals, 29(3), 343- 364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1996.tb01247.x
- Schulz, R. A. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of grammar teaching and corrective feedback: USA-Colombia. The Modern Language Journal, 85(2), 244-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00107
- Schunk, D. H., Meece, J. R., & Pintrich, P. R. (2014). Motivation in education: Theory, research and applications (4th ed.). Pearson.
- Sheen, Y. (2007). The effect of focused written corrective feedback and language aptitude on ESL learners' acquisition of articles. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 255 -283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00059.x
- Sheppard, K. (1992). Two feedback types: Do they make a difference? RELC Journal, 23(1), 103-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003368829202300107
- Truscott, J. (1999). The case for the case for grammar correction in L2 writing classes: A response to Ferris. Journal of Second Language Writing, 8(2), 111- 122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1060-3743(99)80124-6
- Ünlü, A (2016). Adjusting potentially confounded scoring protocols for motivation aggregation in organismic integration theory: An exemplification with the relative autonomy or self-determination index. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00272
- Ünlü, A. (2019). Self-determination motivation theory in R: The software package SDT. Archives of Psychology, 3(9). https://archivesofpsychology.org/index.php/aop/article/view/131.
- Wang, W. & Li, S. (2020). Corrective feedback and learner up take in American ESL and Chinese EFL classrooms: A comparative study. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 34(1), 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2020.1767124
- Yang, Y., & Lyster, R. (2010). Effects of form-focused practice and feedback on Chinese EFL learners' acquisition of regular and irregular past-tense forms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(2), 235-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263109990519
- Yaman, A., & Bećirović, S. (2016). Learning English and media literacy. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(6), 660-663.
- Yoshida, R. (2008). Teachers' choice and learners' preference of corrective feedback types. Language Awareness, 17(1), 78-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2167/la429.0
- Zamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing. TESOL Quarterly, 19(1), 79-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3586773
Supplementary files
