Semantic and pragmatic features of forms of address and response remarks in Russian and Chinese speech etiquette

this article offers a comparative analysis of the semantic and pragmatic features of address forms and response remarks in Russian and Chinese speech etiquette. The study aims to examine their structural, semantic, and functional properties in intercultural communication and their role in maintaining sociocultural norms. Data includes typical communicative scenarios from official, everyday, and institutional contexts, as well as examples from the Russian National Corpus and the Chinese CCL Corpus. The research employs pragmalinguistic, contrastive, and linguocultural methods. It shows that Russian address forms exhibit greater variability and individualization, while Chinese forms are highly ritualized and status-oriented. Culturally rooted differences in response structures are also explored. The findings can be applied in teaching intercultural communication, translating etiquette expressions, developing training materials, and enhancing translator competence. They also contribute to politeness theory, sociolinguistics, and pragmatic studies.

speech etiquette, address forms, pragmatics, politeness, phatic interaction, Chinese, Russian, intercultural communication, translation