VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
The results of science researches, theoretical and experimental investigations are published in the journal according to the sections: Aircraft and Space Rocket Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Information Science, Computing Technology and Control. Articles can be published in Russian or English.
Articles in the journal are indexed by several systems: Russian Index of Science Citation (eLIBRARY.RU), DOAJ, Russian Science Citation Index (Web of Science), CIBERLENINKA; Inspec, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCOhost), EastView, Urlich’s Periodicals Directory, CrossRef.
Current Issue
Vol 24, No 2 (2025)
- Year: 2025
- Articles: 15
- URL: https://journal-vniispk.ru/2542-0453/issue/view/20778
Full Issue
AIRCRAFT AND SPACE ROCKET ENGINEERING
Vitamin space greenhouse as an element of advanced biological and technical support for space crews
Abstract
The design of a vitamin space greenhouse for the Vitacycle-T space experiment on the Russian segment of the ISS is described. The preproduction model of Vitacycle-T successfully passed autonomous tests at the IMBP RAS in 2024. The total area of crops illuminated by LEDs in the vegetation module is 0.4 m2, and its volume is 0.09 m3. The power consumption of the installation is about 870 watts. The average daily yield of cabbage leaves in the space greenhouse was 84 g, and the labor costs for the maintenance of the space experiment during ground tests did not exceed 5.5 minutes per day. The space greenhouse will be able to meet the needs of one astronaut in vitamins A and C. The test results allow us to consider the Vitacycle-T vitamin greenhouse as a promising element for future biological and technical life support systems for space crews.



Selection of performance indicators for the system of bench tests of unmanned aerial vehicles
Abstract
The issues of evaluating the effectiveness of the process of bench testing of unmanned aerial vehicles are considered. It is noted that the effectiveness of the tests can be assessed using four main indicators: economic efficiency, test duration, test reliability, and measurement accuracy. Mathematical expressions are proposed to determine the numerical value of each indicator. The issues of assessing the cost-effectiveness of testing unmanned aerial vehicles conducted at different stages of the product life cycle are considered. A methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of conducting ground tests based on multi-criteria analysis mechanisms is proposed. An example of calculating a generalized indicator of the effectiveness of testing the power supply system of an aircraft-type unmanned aerial vehicle when on-board electric power generators are operating under different loads is given.



Methodology for design assessment of terrain linear resolution of optical-electronic Earth surface observation spacecraft taking into account uncertain operational factors
Abstract
Studies have been conducted on the influence of the following uncertain operational factors on the linear resolution of spacecraft for optical-electronic observation of the Earth’s surface: deviations from the nadir of the optical axis of the spacecraft observation equipment, the wavelength in the panchromatic spectrum, and the normalized spatial frequency of optical systems. It is shown that all these factors significantly affect the terrain linear resolution index. A methodology is proposed for design assessment of terrain linear resolution, taking into account uncertain operational factors that can be used to determine the probabilistic indicators of terrain linear resolution, namely, the probability of obtaining terrain linear resolution of not less than a given value, and the value of terrain linear resolution with a given probabilistic guarantee. It is shown that the type of distribution laws of the input quantities significantly affects the resulting laws of spacecraft terrain linear resolution, obtained by calculated dependence. In the area of small probabilities, the worst values of terrain linear resolution are obtained under the normal laws of input values, and in the area of medium and high probabilities, the worst values are obtained with uniform distributions. It is shown that the values of terrain linear resolution for spacecraft with a lens optical system are better than those with a mirror optical system, all other things being equal. For real optical systems, there are limitations on the range of operating spatial frequencies transmitted by the optical system that lead to the fact that the terrain linear resolution cannot be better than pixel resolution.



Method of computation of gas-tube engines in windmill modes
Abstract
Providing the restart capability of engine in flight is an important certification requirement applied to engine units of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles oriented to ensuring flight safety with a given level of technical characteristics. It is important to perform preliminary analysis and evaluation of gas turbine engine parameters at the start-up and windmill modes before rig and flight tests. The work presents a method for computation of the windmill modes of gas turbine engines based on the use of analytical and numerical methods. The Numeca Fine/Turbo software package was used to calculate the maps of turbomachines at the sub-idle modes. The solution of the system of nonlinear equations for computing the start-up and windmill modes is carried out using the combined Newton-Nelder-Mead method. The application of the method is demonstrated by a mixed flow two-shaft turbojet.



Influence of the design concept of an experimental demonstration model of a rocket design element on the process of heat and mass transfer
Abstract
A conceptual design of an experimental demonstration model of three-layer structure of a launch vehicle body is proposed, based on the replacement of aluminum honeycomb filler with an energy-related material, in particular, based on composite solid rocket propellants. When energy-related material is burned under vacuum conditions, pyrolysis occurs in the experimental demonstration model material, including thermal destruction of the experimental demonstration model material. The efficiency criterion for the heat and mass exchange process during the energy-related material combustion inside the experimental demonstrator and, accordingly, the design concept of the experimental demonstrator, is the skin temperature. After the thermal destruction process is completed in the experimental demonstrator pyrolysis process, in accordance with the proposed concept of creating the experimental demonstrator aerodynamic loading is carried out to assess the degree of dispersion of the experimental demonstrator. The conducted numerical experiments showed the fundamental possibility of significant influence of the design concept of the experimental demonstrator on the skin temperature and, accordingly, an increase in the degree of thermal destruction of the skin material and the possibility of dispersion of the experimental demonstrator under aerodynamic influence. Comparisons were made with the results of physical modeling of burning the experimental demonstrator with specific energy material, which were close to the results of numerical experiments.



Technologies for high-precision automatic georeferencing and high-level processing of spaceborne SAR images
Abstract
Georeferencing quality is one of the main characteristics of the Earth’s surface images generated by spaceborne synthetic aperture radars. The paper considers the problem of automatic high-precision georeferencing of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar images. Three options for solving this problem are considered: by focusing the radio holograms with account of the calibration data which contain corrections to the radar antenna attitude measurements; by autofocusing of the holograms, specifying the Doppler centroid values, and estimating the slant range time scale shift; by correlation-extreme matching of radar and reference images, specifying the radar antenna phase center trajectory. Reducing the georeferencing error to a value comparable to or not exceeding the size of the image pixel projection onto the earth’s surface makes it possible to significantly simplify high-level processing of multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar image sets. The issues of radar images’ matching based on a strict geometric model in their high-level processing and radar and optical images’ correlation-extreme matching in their integration are also considered. The results of experimental research in terms of assessing radar and optical images’ matching accuracy are presented. Visual inspection and the obtained upper limit of the numerical error estimate confirm the pixel accuracy of the matching.



Effective targeted planning of optoelectronic spacecraft operation
Abstract
The article presents an algorithm for optimizing targeted operation of spacecraft by including in the planning algorithm the requirements for distinguishing consumers, clouds and dynamics of changing the priority of survey areas. The article also presents the results of statistical simulation of the developed algorithm and highlights the key conclusions necessary for the organization of work on the development of commercial remote sensing of the Earth from space, as well as the development of spacecraft based on constellations of small spacecraft.



MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Research of dielectric elastomer actuator parameters for an active vibration insulation system
Abstract
One of the ways of improving the characteristics of technological and analytical equipment is an application of “smart” materials, among which dielectric elastomers are promising due to their low elastic modulus and its high effect of internal vibration protection. The article focuses on a theoretical analysis of the studied materials and identifies the key parameters that influence the dielectric elastomer actuator’s deformation, including the manufacturing technology, geometric parameters and composition of dielectric elastomers. A manufacturing technology of dielectric elastomer actuators was developed successfully. Samples with different thicknesses of the dielectric layer were made by the research group. The results of the research suggest dependence of deformation on the effective layer thickness.



Assessment of cryogenic energy storage systems efficiency
Abstract
This study evaluates the efficiency of cryogenic energy storage systems from energy, exergy, and economic perspectives. Cryogenic energy storage systems that store energy through gas liquefaction and regasification, offer high energy capacity but face challenges in storage efficiency. The authors propose a comprehensive performance indicator that integrates these factors, addressing limitations of traditional metrics like the round-trip efficiency, which fails to account for external heat/cold sources. Analysis of 30 installations reveals that systems utilizing compression heat and cryogenic cold achieve up to 70% efficiency, while those relying solely on electricity average 25%. Key findings highlight the trade-offs between energy density, cost, and thermodynamic perfection, with advanced configurations (e.g., hybrid systems with LNG cold recovery) achieving round-trip efficiency more than 100% but lower exergy efficiency (10.4%). A novel composite metric balances , exergy efficiency, and specific energy capacity, identifying optimal designs. The study concludes that integrating auxiliary heat/cold storage and external energy sources (e.g., geothermal, LNG) enhances performance, though practical constraints like regenerative heat exchanger stability persist.



Mathematical model of a hydrogen solid oxide fuel cell and its software implementation
Abstract
An analysis of the existing mathematical models allowing thermogasdynamic calculations of gas turbine engines of various thermogasdynamic cycles is carried out. It was found that most models do not allow calculation with solid oxide fuel cells or in case methane is used as fuel, with subsequent production of hydrogen as a result of steam-water conversion. Therefore, a mathematical model of a solid oxide fuel cell has been developed that considers internal electrochemical reactions followed by the determination of the main electrochemical parameters with hydrogen used as fuel. Computational studies have been carried out on the basis of the developed mathematical model, and the results of evaluating its adequacy are presented that demonstrate a high correlation with the experimental data, which confirms the accuracy of the description of work processes and the applicability of the developed mathematical model of a solid oxide fuel cell. The developed mathematical model is implemented as a module in the DVIGwT software package. The application of the developed mathematical model of a solid oxide fuel cell and its software implementation will allow performing thermogasodynamic calculations of advanced schemes of gas turbine engines, including solid oxide fuel cells, and will also reduce time costs and technical risks when performing a large complex of design calculations.



Method of calculating the fuel combustion efficiency in the afterburner combustion chamber of a gas turbine dual fuel engine
Abstract
The problem of reducing the emission of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide that affect the value of fuel combustion efficiency in the afterburner combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine is considered. An analysis of the causes of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide formation were carried out and ways to reduce them were identified. The chemical and physical process of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel with the addition of gaseous hydrogen to its composition is considered with an assessment of the emission of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. A method for calculating the fuel combustion efficiency in the afterburner combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine with a dual-fuel power supply system is proposed. It is shown that the application of the developed technique makes it possible to estimate the value of the combustion efficiency and maintain its set value by correcting the percentage ratio of hydrogen to kerosene. The technique was tested during an experimental study of the hydrogen-air mixture combustion in the model compartment of the afterburner combustion chamber of a commercial gas turbine engine.



Comparison of accelerated strength testing methods as exemplified by 09G2S steel
Abstract
One of the urgent tasks when establishing the endurance limits of steel is limiting the time of the experiment. The main purpose of this work is to compare several accelerated methods for determining the fatigue strength: the Locati method, the method of measuring electrical resistance and the calculation method taking into account the microstructures of steel. The study was carried out on 09G2S steel in the as-delivered condition which has a ferrite-pearlite structure. As a result of the comparison, it was found that the Locati method and the method for determining the fatigue strength of low-carbon and low-alloy steels give almost identical results. The method of measuring electrical resistance gives the range of stresses in which the desired fatigue strength is located. It is shown that the first sharp jump in the change in electrical resistivity of the sample may indicate the beginning of the stage of cyclic microflow or the beginning of irreversible softening of the steel. In addition, the method of measuring electrical resistance can be useful in combination with the Locati method, when there is no data on the slope of the left branch of the fatigue curve; then using this method it is possible to determine the interval in which 3 samples need to be tested to construct this branch.



Assessment of the influence of turbulators in the neck of a low frequency resonator on its acoustic characteristics
Abstract
The work considers low-frequency resonators with an extended neck and turbulators of different sizes, that make up a set of additional faces located on the inner surface of the resonator neck. The main goal of the work is to assess how strongly these structural elements influence the turbulization of the flow when a wave with a high sound pressure level falls on the resonator and, thereby, the dissipation of sound energy by the resonator. The studies were carried out under conditions of wave incidence normal to the front surface of the resonator. A qualitative assessment was carried out on the basis of numerical simulation of physical processes in a non-stationary formulation in an axisymmetric resonator. Quantitative assessment was based on full-scale measurements of resonators with turbulators of different sizes in a normal incidence impedance tube. The obtained results showed that for the considered variants of turbulators, an increase in their size leads to an increase in the total vorticity of the flows, and also increases the sound absorption coefficient.



A computational and experimental method for determining the initial conditions of motion of foreign objects interacting with a surface vortex
Abstract
An experimental method has been developed that makes it possible to obtain the kinematic parameters of a particle moving in an air stream, while colliding with the surface of an airfield. The experimental setup and methodology of the experiment are described, and the main results are presented in the form of the density and distribution function of the angles of incidence and reflection for the case of collision of granite particles with a fragment of an airfield slab. The obtained statistical characteristics are the initial data for modeling the process of ingress of foreign objects into the entrance to the power plant.



Some new aspects in the diagnostics of the technical condition of planetary gearboxes of aircraft gas-turbine engines
Abstract
As a result of experimental and theoretical studies performed, a number of new results significantly expanding the possibilities of assessing the technical condition of gas turbine engine planetary gearboxes was obtained. The simulation model of the “sun gear/satellites” couple vibration under propagating wear of tooth flanks, a model of the width of the spectral line of the tooth component of the gear couple under review, as well as the widths of the spectral line of rotation frequency of the gearbox output shaft in the vibration process and the signal of a regular tachometric sensor of its rotation, were proposed. New methods of analyzing dynamic processes were developed. The developed mathematical models, new methods of analyzing dynamic processes made it possible to propose a package of new diagnostic indicators of teeth wear and the values of backlash in a gear coupling. Recommendations on setting standards for the developed diagnostic indicators were given.


