Vol 45, No 4 (2023)
Articles
7-7
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. NATIONAL LANGUAGES OF RUSSIA
GRAMMATICAL OBSERVATIONS OF D. N. KUDRYAVSKY AND MODERN RUSSIAN: ON THE DECLENSION OF UNCHANGEABLE NOUNS
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to consider the observations of D. N. Kudryavsky on the declension ofloanwords with vowels in the word-final, made in the book “Introduction to Linguistics” (1912), taking into account thecurrent state of the grammatical system of the Russian language. In modern Russian, indeclinable nouns in the aspectof inflection are presented as a special grammatical norm. The increase of analytism in the grammatical system of theRussian language strengthened the position of the zero declension of noun names. At the same time, in artistic speech,the expressive using of changeable forms of such nouns is observed. In this regard, the appeal to the observations ofD. N. Kudryavsky and his comments seems relevant. The article also draws attention to the perception of changeableforms of indeclinable nouns in the second half of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century. The assumption made at the beginning of the XX century that the changeable forms would become normative did not materialize. How-ever, D. N. Kudryavsky with his observations outlined the stylistic potential of unchangeable borrowed nouns.
8-12
SPECIFICITY OF THE TEMPORAL SEMANTICS OF THE PREDICATIVES OF THE STRUCTURAL PATTERNS “WHO / WHAT INCREASES WHO / WHAT” AND “WHO / WHAT DECREASES WHO / WHAT”
Abstract
The article presents a description and revelation of the temporal meanings of predicates of two oppositein meaning, but located on the same tier in the syntactical field “change”: the structural patterns “who / what increaseswho / what” and “who / what decreases who/what”. The importance of the study follows from the functional signifi-cance of temporal semantics in the formation of the communicative unit. As the structure-forming component, a markerof a predicative, subjecting to consideration, there are verbs of increase such as, to enlarge, to increase, to double, todecuple, to aggravate etc., which form the first scheme, and decrease verbs like to muffl e, to make slower, to undermineone’s health, to undermine smb’s authority, to decrease etc., which form the second. The collection of linguistic materialwas carried out on the basis of the continuous sampling method from the texts of Russian literature of the 19th–21st.centuries. Much attention is paid to identifying the main and particular meanings of the verb forms of the present, pastand future tenses. It was revealed the productivity of the forms of the past tense with the prevailing actual semanticswith its aoristic and perfect meaning and the low productivity of present tense forms with prevailing non-actual semantics of the usual, iterative, generalized character and its transposition is registered, as well as the productivity of future tense forms is lower than the frequency of other forms.
13-20
EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTUAL SIGNS OF THE VICTORY CONCEPT IN XVIII–XIX CENTURIES
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to describe the conceptual signs of the victory concept in the 18th–19th cen-turies. Objectives: to analyze the dictionary entries “victory” and other representatives of the concept in the explanatorydictionaries of the Russian and Church Slavonic languages; determine the development of the conceptual signs of thevictory concept based on the data obtained. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the appeal to the conceptual signsof the victory concept in the Russian linguoculture of the 18th–19th centuries. The relevance of the research lies in un-derstanding the evolution of the primary signs of the studied concept and their evolution to the class of conceptual ones.There are no works that analyze the conceptual signs of the victory concept in the period of the XVIII–XIX centuriesin the scientific literature. This explains the scientific novelty of the study. 42 conceptual signs of the victory conceptwere identified during the analysis of five dictionaries of this period. Ten signs not found in the dictionaries of the XVIII period–XIX centuries, proved to be relevant for the period under study. This was confirmed by data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The total number of conceptual features of the study period was 52 units.
21-28
GERMAN SOURCES OF “RUSSIAN GRAMMAR” BY M. V. LOMONOSOV: VERB TENSES SYSTEM
Abstract
The aim of the article is to identify the sources of tense classification in “Russian Grammar” by M. V. Lo-monosov (1757). The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of “Russian Grammar” in further develop-ment of Russian grammar description. The novelty is the involvement of hitherto scarcely known sources. Lomono-sov in “Russian Grammar” identified several past tenses, including three plusquamperfecta. His classification partlywent back to “German Grammar” by M. Schwanwitz (1730), who was guided by “Die deutsche Grammatica... vonCharmyntes” (1713). Charmyntes developed a model for describing verb tenses, having suggested three plusquamper-fecta, the second and third ones expressed by the forms of the so-called “ perfect” (doppeltes Perfekt) and “doubleplusquamperfect” (doppeltes Plusquamperfekt). The article argues that the inclusion of double perfects in the paradigmwas an innovation of “Die deutsche Grammatica”. It is suggested that its author was influenced by the ideas of K. vonStieler and J. G. Schottel. It is pointed out that double perfect forms have been recorded in German since the secondhalf of the XIVth century, but grammarians of the XVIth and XVII th centuries advised to avoid them. The XVIIIth-century grammarians strongly condemned the use of double perfects. The traced chain of borrowings demonstrates the influence of German grammar on Russian one in the first half of the XVIIIth century. The conclusion is formulated about the significant role of “Die deutsche Grammatica” in the transfer of linguistic knowledge and its indirect influence on “Russian Grammar” by M. V. Lomonosov.
29-33
THE ORGANIZATION OF SUBJECT SPHERE IN THE POETIC TEXT OF JOSEPH BRODSKY WITH INFINITIVE DOMINANT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FRAGMENTS OF THE POEM “SHESTVIE” [THE PROCESSION])
Abstract
This paper is focused on studying the organization of subject sphere and determining of the features ofexpression of the category of person in the poetic text with infinitive dominant. The research is based on material of twofragments of the poem “Shestvie” [The procession] (1961) by Joseph Brodsky, which present a series of independent and dependent infinitives that determine the criteria for the interaction of two types of subject - the subject of dictum and the subject of modus. In the result of this research by functional-grammatical, semantic and contextual analysin the spheres (areas) of the different types of subjects were found out, lexical and grammatical methods of their expres-sion were determined and specific features of the organization of the subject sphere in the poetic text with constructswith infinitives, such as meta-subjectivity, subjective egocentricity and autocommunication, are revealed. The researchof this language material should, therefore, take into account not only semantic-grammatical aspect, but also situational (pragmatic) context. That explains, according to the author, the complexity of the identification of the category of person in infinitive poetry of the 20th century.
34-40
LANGUAGE MEANS OF EXPRESSING IMPERATIVENESS IN THE TEXT OF 1782 DEANERY CHARTER
Abstract
The tasks of official documents of the 18th century included the regulation of the employees’ activitiesin a particular sphere of public life and the transmission of state values. This was the reason for the careful selection oflinguistic means. In the era of Catherine the Great, the language of documents was changed. These changes were as-sociated, on the one hand, with the leaving from the traditions of the language of the 17th century, and on the other hand,with the strengthening of the influence of European languages. The article examines linguistic means for expressingimperativeness and analyzes its use cases in the text of 1782 Deanery Charter. The performed analysis demonstrates alinguistic convergence of the text of the charter with European language models. Along with the independent infinitive,imperativeness is expressed through verbs in the present tense, modifiers dolzhen ‘must’ and objazan ‘be obliged’ incombination with the infinitive. A two-part sentence model was spread in the text of the charter. Some syntactic con-structions that were widely used in the era of Peter the Great were becoming less common and are being replaced. The softened tonality of the document is noted. It is assumed that the reasons for these changes could be due to the influence of the sources underlying the charter, as well as the influence of the philosophical and legal ideas of “enlightened absolutism”.
41-47
THEORETICAL, APPLIED AND CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS
PERSON, MOOD AND SENTENCE AS MUTUALLY CORRELATED LANGUAGE CATEGORIES
Abstract
The article covers the problem of intercategorical relations in languages of different systems based on thematerial of three fundamental grammatical categories - the categories of person, mood and syntactic type of sentence.It is established that these categories are genetically and functionally closely related to each other and this connection isone–way directed according to the person - mood – type of sentence scheme. The role of the category of person in theformation and use of moods is argumentatively shown, and the categories of person and mood – in the formation and useof the typology of sentences in different languages in accordance with their historically established systemic differences.The text-forming possibilities of personal forms 1 and 3 of persons are revealed, which constitute a narrative discourse incontrast to the form 2 of a person denoting the addressee of speech and the executor of someone else’s will. Based on acomparative functional analysis of the forms of the three analyzed categories, significant differences between inflectionalIndo-European languages (according to Russian) and agglutinative North Caucasian languages (according to Dagestani)in subsystems of personal forms of the 3rd person and unreal moods are demonstrated, including by the example of avolitive unknown to Indo-European languages. The results obtained can be used in Indo-European studies, Russian stud-ies, Caucasian studies and contrastive typology of languages. In the context of the directions of the development of his-torical syntax, the little-studied problem of the degree of lexical and lexico-grammatical determinacy of sentence types in the languages of the analytical and synthetic system is posed. A motivated thesis is formulated about the relationship between the types of moods and the types of sentences correlated with them with ethnopsychology and ethnomentality.
48-53
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE COMPLETENESS OF INTERSEMIOTIC TRANSLATION
Abstract
We present the experience of developing a methodology that allows us to assess the completeness of theintersemiotic translation of a work of fiction into a feature film as objectively as possible. The criterion of completeness of translation, which is significant in translation studies, in connection with the transition to a different semiotic system(cinema) acquires new aspects that are not subject to simple application from the sphere of achievements of interlan-guage translation. The polymodality of the film text requires the development of its own methods for assessing the qual-ity of intersemiotic translation and explication of support points (estimated characteristics of the compared texts). Weuse general scientific methods of quantitative analysis, graphical interpretation of data, generalization and abstraction,and linguistic descriptive, component and comparative analysis. We present an assessment of the completeness of inter-semiotic translation based on objective (calculated in absolute and relative units) results of quantitative analysis of thecontent of IT and PT (in dictionary units and percentages) and timing of voiced IT and screen PT. The transformationof a monomodal verbal text into a polymodal adiuovideoverbal PT does not allow complete identity with the originaldue to the exclusion of a significant amount of IT (75 %) with a slight substitution of verbal content by means of the PI(25 % of the total transmitted IT content). The conducted research provides a convincing argument for the introductionof the concepts of exclusion and inclusion into the theory of intersemiotic translation. The asymmetry of the means oftransmitting content (in IT – only verbally, in PT – polymodally) is accompanied by a transformation of the character composition, a change in the idiosyncrasy of the author of IT and is due to the expansion of new participants in the communication process and the complication of the communicative code.
54-60
THE CONCEPT OF “LOVE” IN J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S EPIC NOVEL “THE LORD OF THE RINGS”
Abstract
The article presents the main approaches to the definition of the concept as the central term of theconceptual apparatus of cognitive linguistics. The authors adhere to the understanding of the concept as a carrier ofcultural meaning, a unit of consciousness of the writer, verbalized in the text of the work. The research material was J.R. R. Tolkien’s epic novel “The Lord of the Rings”. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time theanalysis of the concept of “love” in the individual picture of the world of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien was carriedout. The study showed that the concept of “love” in the epic novel “The Lord of the Rings” turns out to be culturallymarked due to the author’s belonging to the English linguistic culture. It is established that in the text space of the epicnovel, love appears in various manifestations: in the form of romantic, patriotic, comradely, intra-family Christian love.The conceptual component of the concept “love” is considered in the etymological aspect: from the original nominationto the modern one based on the data of authoritative English dictionaries. The figurative component of the concept of“love” is explicated when describing the love feelings experienced by the characters, as well as their subjective ideasabout the object of their love. The value component of the concept of “love” is found in the study of the oppositions“love – hate”, “love – money”, “love – despair”, etc., presented in the novel. It is revealed that the concept of “love” is also closely related to the concepts of hope, honor and beauty. The article presents a rich illustrative material representing the national and cultural specifics of the concept under consideration.
61-69
NATIONAL LANGUAGES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
ANALYSIS OF METASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS IN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DISCOURSE (ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE MATERIAL)
Abstract
The article deals with the functions of metastructures in the scientific and technical discourse on thematerial of English scientific articles (journal Robotics) freely available on the Internet applying the method of thecorpus-oriented discourse analysis. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of the researches on metastructuresin the mentioned above discourse type especially using the corpus-based approach. The instrument AntConc is usedto perform more accurate statistic analysis of the metastructure functions frequency. Moreover, AntConc provides thepossibility to figure out lexics variation of the metastructure in the certain function. In this regard, the purpose of thearticle is to identify and describe metastructures functions in the scientific and technical discourse. All the functions areclassified into seven groups: interpretation function, evaluation function, confirmation of the facts mentioned above byillustration, text formation function, details reduction function, dialogue function and comment function. The article concludes that the most and the least frequent usage of metastructures in the certain function is explained by the authors’ intentions to follow the reader’s reception process and by the recipient’s competence as well.
70-74
STEREOTYPES OF WOMEN’S PERCEPTION IN XX-XXI CENTURY ENGLISH STUDIES: CONTRADICTIONS AND SUBJECTIVITY
Abstract
The relevance of this work is determined by the identified issues aimed at studying the role of languagestereotypes in the construction of the image of a woman rooted in general social and cultural practice of native Eng-lish speakers. The purpose of this article is to consider the gender stereotype as an object of linguistic and cognitiveresearch, to summarize the principles and results of studies of gender stereotypes in the English studies, as well as toassess the impact of stereotypical thinking on a woman’s perception. In accordance with the goals set in this article, wesummarize the works of a number of foreign scholars on gender stereotypes, reconstruct the overview of the problemwith the help of their comparative analysis. We also attempt to prove the inconsistency and injustice of the stereotypicalperception of women in English by singling out pairs of antonymic stereotypical female and male qualities noted byvarious scientists at different times. Proving the inconsistency and injustice of stereotyped perception, we also rely onthe combined results of semantic analysis of attributive-nominative phrases with the core lexeme “woman”, performedearlier, and the lexeme “girl”, presented in this article. We also take into account the semantic analysis of secondary nomination units expressing the stereotypical prototypical qualities of a woman. The study is based on the texts of the British National Corpus of the English language and a selection of examples from authoritative lexicographic sources.
75-84
RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND NATIONAL LITERATURES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL BEGINNING “POEMS OF TWO MILLENNIA” BY V. S. BAYEVSKY
Abstract
The article analyzes the autobiographical beginning of the lyrics of the Smolensk literary critic and writerV. S. Bayevsky using the example of the book “Poems of Two Millennia”. The relevance of the proposed research isdue to the little-studied creative heritage of the philologist, as well as the lack of analysis of his poems from the pointof view of the autobiographical beginning. The purpose of the work is to consider the peculiarities of the manifes-tation of the autobiographical principle in the lyrics of Bayevsky. Biographical, cultural-historical and comparativemethods are used in the course of the work. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the autobiographical beginningis realized in the plot, at the level of the system of images and processing of life material. This allows you to recreatereal personalities (from the sphere of science and literature), not only autobiographical, but also historical episodes.Bayevsky’s lyrics are characterized by fixation, documentary evidence of what is written, which manifests itself in theindication of a specific place, “autobiographical space” and time. The poems reflect the archival heritage of Bayevsky(epistolary, diaries), through which it became possible to reconstruct the situation of communication between the writer and his addressees. The lyrics, which reveal an autobiographical beginning based on documentary evidence, have a diary, confessional character. The poetic presentation, due to the presence of literary subtexts and stylizations, acquires a generalized sound.
85-90
JOYCE’S REDUCTIONIST DISCOURSE AS A PRINCIPLE FOR FORMING REALITY IN V. PELEVIN’S NOVEL “TRANSHUMANISM INC.”
Abstract
The article examines the patterns of transformation of the idea of personalism in the 20th century, whichled to the evolution of the philosophies of transhumanism and posthumanism in the 20–21 centuries. The purpose ofthe article is to discuss the degree of influence of Joyce’s reductionist discourse on the formation of the reality state inV. Pelevin’s novel “TRANSHUMANISM INC.”. The subject of the study is the change in the conception of the real-ity as imagined the beginning of the 20th century, at the time J. Joyce, into the intracerebral obsession of the person ofthe future, into “Homo overclocked”, as an episode of philosophical mindset, and the impact of this conception on thesubsequent logic of reality in literature. The research problem is to determine the formation of specific transhumanismand posthumanism in the novel by V. Pelevin as a sequence of the literary strategies of J. Joyce. To achieve the goal, wesolve the following tasks: 1) on the case of Joyce’s reception of Shakespeare and Pelevin’s processing of this reception,to show how the problem of the crisis of humanism was perceived not just as a problem of a general cultural decline, butas a way to search for a new paradigm of human, not reducible to the previous humanistic paradigm; 2) on the exampleof Pelevin’s reception of Joyce’s specific reductionist discourse as an experimental one, reducing a person to func-tions, to prove that Joyce introduced an anthropology, in which the human personality is multiple and combined in themodern multiple reality, and that now this concept includes virtual and programmable; 3) to show how Pelevin’s reduc-tion of Joyce’s epiphany, its algorithmization in the framework of postmodern writing strategies, modifies alternativepersonalities into depersonalized subjects and into “Homo overclocked”. The main research methods – comparative, historical-cultural contextualization and discourse analysis, allow us to prove Joyce’s reductionist discourse as a source of forming Pelevin’s post-humanistic perspective of multiple subjectivity.
91-97
World Literatures
“SINCERE” ARTIST WITHIIN THE POSTMODERNITY (BASED ON C. BUKOWSKI’S SHORT PROSE)
Abstract
The creative practices of a postmodernist artist are characterized by the postmodern project’s resistanceto modernist ideas about art, in particular, about an artist’s activity. Therefore, the gesture of a modernist artist, beingexpressed in the rejection of everyday, external reality in favor of transcendental spheres, is perceived by postmoder-nity as one of the possible strategies of self-representation, eventually bringing it back to the context, determined bysocial conventions. In addition to this, postmodernity rethinks the category of sincerity. The development of the mediaforces the postmodernist artist to construct a media image, thus the same referent is perceived by the audience in twodifferent ways: through the media and through the artistic text. The aim of the study is to identify poetic devices in theshort stories by the American writer Charles Bukowski, which are helpful for expressing the authenticity and veracityof the narrative, contributing to the enhancement of the reality effect. The relevance of the work lies in the insufficientstudy of Bukowski’s small prose and the need to consider the category of sincerity in the context of postmodernity. As a result of the analysis of Bukowski’s stories, it is concluded that the transformation of one’s experience into a literary work becomes a way for a postmodernist artist to reveal that modernity’s sincerity is artificial due to its nature of artistic device and gesture.
98-105
MEDITERRANEAN AND FICTIONAL SPACE IN SALVADOR ESPRIU’S “CEMENTIRI DE SINERA”
Abstract
The relevance of the article is caused by the appeal to the work of the famous Catalan poet of the XXcentury Salvador Espriu, little-studied in Russia. The category of space in the cycle of Espriu’s “Cemetery of Sinera”is analyzed by means of biographical and historical-literary methods, using studies of national and foreign researchers.The compositional basis of the collection is the journey of the lyrical hero through the fictional Sinera, endowed withfeatures of a real Catalan seaside town of Arenys, where the poet spent his childhood and where his ancestors lived. Thecosy homeland, separated from the rest of the world by sea and mountains, which is at the same time part of the vastexpanse of the Mediterranean, has become synonymous with an idealized happy life, ruined by the Spanish Civil Warand the events that followed it. Although the poet’s gaze is fixed on the past, the grammatical emphasis on the presentand the future points to the continuity, reinforcing the hope that the next generation will not shrug off history. Despite the fact that the work is dominated by the subjective and lyrical component, the author managed to touch on civilian issues and find a response from a wide range of readers.
106-111
Anniversary
112-112
113-113
Scientific information
114-116