Nº 4 (2016)
Articles
QUALITY PARAMETERS OF IMAGES AS A SOURCE OF MONOLOGIC STATEMENTS OF STUDENTS - FOREIGNERS AT BASIC LEVEL RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (A-2)
Resumo
In this paper we analyse of the difficulties of foreign students in such form of final control as “story on the picture”. Causal regularities of psychological and methodical nature of the available results are traced, and the author tested instructional techniques of work with situational pictures during are shown.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):7-15
7-15
QUANTITAVE WORDS МНОГО (MANY / MUCH) AND ОЧЕНЬ (VERY) VIEWED THROUGH THE PRISM OF THEIR FRENCH EQUIVALENTS: LINGUODIDACTIC APSECT
Resumo
The article deals with one of the parameters of integral description of semantically similar words with the view of their effective presentation for foreign students - contrastive analysis of such words with their foreign equivalents (as exemplified in quantitative words много and очень ). The author shows the relevance of such analysis of linguistic phenomena in Russian and students’ mother tongue presented in linguodidactic aspect.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):16-24
16-24
THE ANALYSIS OF LEXICO-SEMANTIC UNITS IN VETERINATY SCIENCE
Resumo
The article highlights a number of definite ways for semantization of a new lexical material while working with French and German texts in the field of veterinary. New forms of introduction and mastering material are analysed on the basis of two languages different in structure and form. An important aspect in explanation is the contextual semantization of lexical unit inseparable from understanding and awareness of the given phenomena.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):25-31
25-31
THE INTEGRAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEANING OF UNIVERSAL MORAL VALUE ‘’FAITH’’ IN LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF RUSSIAN CULTURE BEARERS
Resumo
This paper examines the meaning of universal moral value ‘’faith’’ reflected in linguistic consciousness of Russian culture-bearers. It contains the results of the analysis of the way the value is represented on two levels of consciousness: official and common. Within the framework of the research on the official level of consciousness the data of encyclopedic dictionaries is analysed. That aims to reflect the scientific worldview of Russian culture-bearers. Their naive worldview is revealed through the analysis of the data of lexicographical literature, Russian text corpus, paroemiological fund as well as the results of associative and psycho-semantic experiments. The methodology of the research is based on the theory of activity approach elaborated by Moscow psycholinguistic School and the triangulation approach designed by Yanchuk V.A. The latter approach allows to integrate knowledge of different layers and the methodology aiming at obtaining the most precise findings. The results of the given research shows the almost full match of the two levels consciousness representing the attitude of Russian culture-bearers to the moral value ‘’faith’’. That indicates the stable position of the value considered in the perception of the Russians. The methods of the analysis has a great potential for further research of different notions.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):32-41
32-41
42-47
LITERARY TEXTBY N.S. LESKOV AS A SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE MEANS
Resumo
The article gives a linguistic and stylistic analysis of N.S. Leskov’s fiction. One of the main ambitions of the author is to reveal the possible correlation between the language features of N.S. Leskov’s heroes and the Russian cultural tradition of the past. Some original and vivid examples of the speech of representatives of specific Russian professions and estates are analyzed as well as linguistic parallels between complicated church language and the writer’s system of stylistic devices are defined. We show new interlinks between historic, linguistic and literary aspects of the text and especially N.S. Leskov’s unusual world as a form of culturally-historically determined consciousness. We pay special attention to Old Slavonic «experiment» in Leskov’s texts and skaz , polyphony of names of his heroes and writers’ examples of folk etymology. We came to the conclusion that in The Notes of the Unknown different stylistic and linguistic devices are combined.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):48-62
48-62
AIMS AND METHODS OF FORMING COMMUNICATIVE PERSONALITY IN TEACHING AT UNIVERSITY
Resumo
The article deals with the aims, principles, methods and techniques of the formation of communicative culture of students of high schools on the background of the dynamic socio-cultural and communicative processes in the Russian language the second decade of the twenty-first century.Starting with the traditional definitions of speech, the authors seek to logic circuit to the justification of the communicative culture formation methods in the conditions of modern sociolinguistic development of the Russian language. Features of communicative culture are considered in the aspect of literary norms and practices of communication tasks. The article raises the problem of according the language system and the norms to the conditions of communication in a given society at a particular historical era. Literary norm is considered as a benchmark of effective functioning of the language system in communicative processes.The article pays a special attention to expressed in the 20s of the last century, but until today still not conscious ideas G.O. Vinokur about the role of speech culture as a humanitarian technology which is able to ensure sustainable social development.Along with discussion of theoretical questions of communicative linguistics the article contains a number of proposals in the field of methodology of formation of communicative culture of the university graduates.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):63-69
63-69
TEACHING MODELS OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE FOR BILINGUAL LEARNERS IN RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EDUCATION SYSTEMS
Resumo
The article considers the implementation of different methods of learning and teaching Russian for bilingual learners in educational systems in Russia, former soviet countries and far abroad countries (EU, USA, Canada). Pragmatic goals of different categories of learners which are based on satisfaction in personal communicative needs and educational status of Russian determine content of teaching.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):70-76
70-76
MILITARY AND HISORICAL TERMS IN DENOMINATIONS OF SPORTSMEN IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING SPORTING DISCOURSE
Resumo
The article regards the use of military and historical terms denominating sportsmen in English- speaking sporting discourse. Sporting discourse metaphor acts as basic expression means on the one hand supporting interest to event conditioning its apprehension, expected social reactions and on the other hand repeatability, recognizability of considerable part of metaphors realize standard character as one of the features of sporting discourse.In military and historical metaphors two different worlds are combined: “war” and “show”, for example the use of such denominations as “gladiator” or “armada” refers a reader or a spectator not to a war, but to representation of war in films, books or visual images.In the result of analysis done it has become clear that in English-speaking sporting discourse besides standard synonymic set - enemy, adversary, opponent, rival denominating sporting agents heading is used in sporting publication: Know the enemy under which a team is meant to play with.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):77-81
77-81
COMMUNICATIVE STEREOTYPES OF REPRESENTATIVES OF DIFFERENT CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC COMMUNITIES DELIVERING OFFICIAL PUBLIC SPEECH IN ENGLISH
Resumo
The article analyses some national communicative peculiarities of realizing universal communicative actions of contact, persuasion and informing, becoming apparent when representatives of diverse cultural and linguistic communities deliver an official public speech in English.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):82-92
82-92
THE IMPACT OF CORPORA RESEARCH FINDINGS ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF LEARNER SPOKEN AND WRITTEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STYLE AT THE ADVANCED LEVEL
Resumo
This article explores how corpora can help us to enhance learners’ spoken and written English language skills. Speaking takes place through sound and is instant, while writing creates a material record that is read later. These facts lead to substantial linguistic differences between the two forms ofcommunication. A corpus of spoken or written texts helps us understand these differences through real examples.Corpus analysis can also assist in addressing the problems of what to include in an advanced syllabus to help our learners to use grammar that is appropriate to the mode of communication. Mike McCarthy, Emeritus Professor of Applied Linguistics at the University of Nottingham, UK, suggests that teaching English at the advanced level among other issues should include:Key differences between spoken and written grammar (e.g. ellipsis and substitutions in spoken language).Grammar that enhances style and promotes academic success.Examples of grammatical features that correlate with high grades (and are called “positive discrimination features”) include: coordinating adjectives, e.g. George is a compassionate and caring friend; nominalization - packing of information into the noun phrase which otherwise might be given in, for example, the verb phrase (compare The enemy began to attack at noon. The enemy attack began at noon.); modality (using a modal verb and a modal adverb), (compare Education will be different. Education will certainly be different.)
Rusistika. 2016;(4):93-99
93-99
METHODS AND PRINCIPLES OF POETIC TRANSLATION. TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSLATION OF POETRY
Resumo
In the article the author discusses the various methods and principles of poetic translation, specifies the conditions for choosing a particular method of translation. The author also deals with the translation transformations and their types from the point of view of various linguists, their classification is also given. The importance of studying this issue is substantiated by the changes occurring in the structure of poetical compositions during translation that are caused by different grammatical systems of French and Russian languages. Translation transformations occurring during the translation of French poetry into Russian is shown through the example of translation of the poem by Gerard de Nerval Notre-Dame de Paris . There is also a table showing the frequency of use of different types of translation transformation.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):100-108
100-108
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES AS MEANS OF COGNITIVE AND COMMUNICATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSONALITY’S POTENTIAL
Resumo
The article is devoted to the leading role of cognitive-communicative approach in the foreign language learning process. This role is based on the statement that the process of speech productionactivates the knowledge stored in the human cognitive system. Analyzing the involvement of students in the assessment activities viewing as one of the cognitive synthesis forms “thought - speech - language form”, we consider the human potential to transform their own activity in the subject of practical transformation of its internal capabilities applied to the study of a foreign language.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):109-116
109-116
CONCEPT ACQUISITION BY AN EFL STUDENT
Resumo
English-as-a-foreign-language students may have difficulty acquiring a British culture-specific concept when reading a study text. The hurdles faced in a certain case arise from the ambiguity of the basic structural component of the concept and the composition of the source text. The adverse effect is intended to be minimized with the help of a table to be filled in while scanning through the text. The students find in it and enter in the columns under familiar headings and subheadings the verbal encodings of the concept-constituting cognitive indicators. Thus regularized, the latter are more appreciable and accessible for the learners. The complete table proves to contain the basic structural components of the concept. It follows that the text can serve as a reliable source in concept acquisition, the table facilitating the process.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):117-125
117-125
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND METHODICAL ASPECTS OF READING AS A KIND OF SPEECH ACTIVITY IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Resumo
Language, speech and a speech activity are the main aspects of linguistic phenomena. The speech activity consists of speaking, written language (generation and delivery of information), listening and reading (the process of perception and processing of information). In Russian as a foreign language teaching system at the polytechnic university Preparatory Department reading is important, as it helps to meet the student’s educational needs for new information related to the area of expertise. The purpose of reading is comprehension, which is a complex mental activity. Reproduction is a part of understanding (perception - understanding - remembering - reproduction). Factors that affect reading comprehension is described, requirements that one should take into account to avoid many of the difficulties and problems when studying at the polytechnic university Preparatory Department are presented. To meet these requirements one should know characteristics of understanding (entirety, accuracy, deepness). Good results can be achieved through gaining skills associated with understanding language material; text content; comprehension text content. At different stages of learning students improve different reading skills: reading techniques and skills of mental operations. At the Preparatory Department all reading skills play an important role, as training starts with the training of sound-letter relationships in the syllable. Difficulty/ease of reading training as a kind of verbal activity is devoted to the last part of the article. Different viewpoints of leading trainers are presented. Difficulties appearing when one is learning to read a foreign language and recommendations that may facilitate these difficulties are described (prediction method). A special attention to the development of a probabilistic forecasting mechanism is paid. Last part of the article concludes that reading is a very complex type of speech activity in both psychological and methodological aspect, and in this regard, one should learn reading as early as possible.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):126-132
126-132
LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF TOPONYMS AND DEMONYMS IN BOLIVIAN SPANISH
Resumo
The present article analyses the complex system of toponyms and demonyms in Bolivian Spanish. The author describes etymology of toponyms from the department of Potosí by providing the explanation of their morphological structure and connections with local indigenous languages, such as quechua and aymara. Furthermore, special attention is paid to the formation of demonyms via suffixation, as the author offers the table with the analyzed examples and singles out the most expanded suffixes, as well as those that are rarely used. The results have shown that the suffix “-eño” has the leading position, therefore it can be considered the most productive one in Bolivia. The article also analyzes Bolivian toponymic nicknames.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):133-140
133-140
ANGLO-АMERICAN INTERJECTION WOW IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Resumo
The article contains a study on the phenomenon of Anglo-American interjections borrowing in Russian language on the example of exclamation wow . An attempt to detect the causes and consequences of this borrowing is based on a contrastive analysis of an American exclamation wow and Russian interjections with the similar meaning. The analysis extends the conclusions of the important role which wow plays in the process of axiological changes and formation of “correct” market instincts in Russian language consciousness.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):141-149
141-149
METHODS OF EXPRESSING SPATIAL MEANINGS IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LANGUAGES (LINGVISTIC AND DIDACTIC ASPECT)
Resumo
This article discusses the means of expressing spatial relations - position and direction of action - in Russian and Chinese languages. The purpose of the comparative description is to identify the similarities and differences in the meaning and use of prepositions in two languages. The more developed system of spatial relations in Russian language determines the difficulties of learning this topic for Chinese students.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):150-155
150-155
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION CULTURE AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF SPECIALISTS PROFESSIONAL FORMATION
Resumo
The article is devoted to a culture of business communication in a technical college (in a foreign language). The role and importance of business communication for the professional activity of future engineers are noted. The experience of the educational program implementation on the subject “Business Foreign Language” is given. The article deals with three sections in the professional field of communication: the basics of business correspondence, the basics of business communication, business meetings; international cooperation in special field. The importance of ethics in business communication as well as in everyday life is stressed. A wide range of genre varieties of written and verbal communication is shown in the chapter of professional communication. Competences acquired through the study of this discipline are considered.
Rusistika. 2016;(4):156-165
156-165
166-171
RETsENZIYa:Yaponskiy yazyk: strategiya i taktika delovogo obshcheniya: ucheb. posobie / T.M. Gurevich. M.: Izdatel'stvo VKN, 2016
Rusistika. 2016;(4):172-173
172-173
174-177