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Vol 12, No 7-8 (2017)

Article

Hybrid States of Biomolecules in Strong-Coupling Regime

Kosmyntseva A.V., Nabiev I.R., Rakovich Y.P.

Abstract

The strong coupling of exciton and plasmon states is the result of the reversible energy exchange between the excited states of atomic exciton systems or molecules and the electromagnetic field. This leads to the formation of hybrid (mixed) states whose energies differ from those of the exciton and photon. To date, the implementation of strong-coupling hybrid states has been attracting great attention in terms of designing state-of-the-art emitting systems and quantum information technologies; controlling chemical reaction efficiency and targeted influence on biological systems; and applying the observed effects in medicine, microelectronics, robotics technologies, and other fields. This review deals with a model of strong light-matter interaction and its characteristics, ways to the practical implementation of hybrid states (including those in biological systems), and parameters affecting strong coupling. The recent advances in practical applications of strong coupling effects, prospects for their use, and the problems entailed are discussed as well.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):327-337
pages 327-337 views

Ink-Jet Printing of Chemosensing Layers Based on Surface-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles

Ionov D.S., Yurasik G.A., Kononevich Y.N., Surin N.M., Svidchenko E.A., Sazhnikov V.A., Muzafarov A.M., Alfimov M.V.

Abstract

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with a diameter of 100 nm and surface-modified by covalently linked dibenzoylmethanatoboron difluoride have been synthesized and characterized. Suspensions of SNPs in dichloroethane are used as ink suitable for the microvalve ink-jet printing of sensing layers. It is demonstrated that SNP-based thin films are sensitive for methylbenzene vapors and could be a good candidate as a printed sensor. Responses of sensing films to methylbenzene vapors are analyzed using multivariate nonlinear regression.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):338-351
pages 338-351 views

Effect of Oxygen Concentration in a Gaseous Mixture with Argon on the Phase Composition of Plasmodynamic Synthesis Products in an Iron–Oxygen System

Sivkov A.A., Shanenkov I.I., Ivashutenko A.S., Murzakaev A.M., Li L., Li G.

Abstract

The effect of a gaseous oxygen concentration in a mixture with argon on plasmodynamic synthesis products in an iron–oxygen system is described. X-ray diffractometry and scanning and transmission electron microscopy data showed that the products contain three different modifications of iron oxide: magnetite Fe3O4, hematite α-Fe2O3, and ε-Fe2O3 epsilon phase. A change in oxygen concentration leads to a significant change in the phase composition of the products and an increase in a yield of the ε phase.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):352-359
pages 352-359 views

Reliability Prediction of AlGaAs Resonant-Tunneling Diodes and Nonlinear Converters of Microwave Radio Signals Based on Them

Kozubnyak S.A., Meshkov S.A., Naraikin O.S., Soboleva E.N., Shashurin V.D.

Abstract

Using a resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) as a nonlinear element of microwave signal converters is discussed. The research results of degradation of RTDs during the operation are given. The diffusion coefficients of Al in a resonant-tunneling structure (RTS) and of Si in near-contact zones of the RTD are determined. The structure of a diagnostic model of an RTD and the methodology of creating a reliability prediction of RTDs and nonlinear converters of microwave radio signals based on them are proposed.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):360-368
pages 360-368 views

Electron Microscopy Study of Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals Formed in Langmuir–Blodgett Films

Batsanov S.A., Gutakovskii A.K.

Abstract

The morphology and crystal structure of CdS, ZnS, CdZnS, and PbS nanocrystals formed by sulfidation and the subsequent annealing of the films of behenates of the respective metals using the Langmuir–Blodgett method have been investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. It has been found that the crystal size is independent of the initial behenate film thickness. The average lateral nanocrystal size ranges from 2 to 4 nm at a film thickness of 2–14 monolayers. It has been shown that annealing in different atmospheres leads to an increase in the average nanocrystal size, morphology variation, and oxidation at the characteristic temperatures. It has been established by analyzing the interplanar spacings that the nanocrystals have hexagonal and/or cubic crystal lattices characteristic of each investigated material.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):369-375
pages 369-375 views

Scanning Probe Lithography of Dendrite-Like Nanostructures in Ultrathin Diamond-Like Nanocomposite Films

Frolov V.D., Pivovarov P.A., Zavedeev E.V., Shupegin M.L., Pimenov S.M.

Abstract

Dendrite-like structure growth in ultrathin diamond-like nanocomposite a-C:H,Si:O films have been studied in the course of electrically induced scanning probe lithography in the presence of a water adsorbate. The threshold magnitude of the electrical action is about 2 V, which is close to the potential of water electrolysis—1.23 V. The environment humidity crucially influences the growth of dendrite-like structures. Therefore, at a relative humidity of ~20%, hill-like protrusions occur, whereas, at a relative humidity of ~40%, some radially directed protrusions (ridges) appear and, at a relative humidity of ~60%, some branches arise from the ridges. It is established that the surface of the dendrite-like nanostructures is characterized by a higher friction force in the nanoscale when compared with the initial material under AFM testing. The growth mechanism and friction properties of the dendrite-like nanostructures are discussed.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):376-384
pages 376-384 views

The Effect of Star-Shaped Oligothiophenes with a Carbazole Core on Their Structural and Optical Properties

Bakirov A.V., Solodukhin A.N., Luponosov Y.N., Svidchenko E.A., Obrezkova M.A., Peregudova S.M., Shcherbina M.A., Ponomarenko S.A., Chvalun S.N.

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the structure and properties of donor–acceptor star-shaped compounds based on oligothiophene with electron-withdrawing dicyanovinyl groups and a different electron-donating branching center—planar 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole and propeller-shaped triphenylamine—has been carried out. It is shown that the absorption maxima in the spectra of 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole derivatives shift to shorter wavelengths, the HOMO energy decreases, and the LUMO energy increases. Moreover, in contrast to propeller-shaped triphenylamine-based compounds, which do not form ordered states, the T-shaped branched molecules based on carbazole form highly ordered crystal structures with different symmetry.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):385-394
pages 385-394 views

Mechanically Synthesized Composite Powder Based on AMg2 Alloy with Graphite Additives: Particle Size Distribution and Structural-Phase Composition

Aborkin A.V., Alymov M.I., Kireev A.V., Elkin A.I., Sobol’kov A.V.

Abstract

Nanostructured composite powders based on AlMg2 alloy with graphite additives (1–9 wt %) have been obtained by mechanochemical synthesis in a planetary ball mill. Particle size distribution and the specific surface area of powders are measured. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy are used to study the structural and phase composition of the powders. It is established that the hardening of composite powders is caused by the reduction of grain size, as well as by mechanisms of solid-solution and dispersion hardening. These nanostructured composite powders can be used in the manufacture of products by forming techniques and additive technologies.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):395-399
pages 395-399 views

Nanostructured Zirconia Ceramic Based on Baddeleyite Domestic Raw

Zhigachev A.O., Golovin Y.I.

Abstract

The relationship between synthesis conditions, structure, and properties of baddeleyite-based engineering nanostructured zirconia ceramics is studied in this work. Mined at the Kovdor beneficiation plant (Murmansk oblast), baddeleyite is a domestic material that is much cheaper when compared to its analogue, synthetic ZrO2, conveniently used in the production of zirconia ceramics. Zirconia ceramic with a grain size of 100–150 nm and a relative density of above 99% is fabricated, wherein a high hardness (13.3 GPa) and a fracture toughness (13.2 MPa m0.5) are combined.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):400-408
pages 400-408 views

The Influence of Nanosized Particles Introduced into Molten-Pool Tail on the Impact Toughness of Weld Metal

Aleshin N.P., Linnik A.A., Kobernik N.V., Mikheev R.S., Pankratov A.S., Samokhin A.V., Alekseev N.V., Shtokolov S.A.

Abstract

This article discusses the possibility of introducing nanosized particles into a molten pool using a flux-cored wire. A flux-cored wire has been proposed with added composite granules obtained upon the combined treatment of nickel powder and nanosized particles. In order to avoid the overheating of particles, it has been proposed to add a flux-cored wire to a molten-pool tail using preheating. The following hardmelting particles have been tested: tungsten carbide (WC), titanium nitride (TiN), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). It has been demonstrated that the addition of tungsten carbide to a molten pool improves the stability of weld-metal (WM) impact toughness while retaining its average value and the addition of aluminum oxide to a molten pool leads to increased average values of WM impact toughness while retaining its stability. Meanwhile, nanosized particles of titanium nitride in a molten pool are prone to dissociation, which leads to the formation of porosity, thus limiting the field of application of this modifier.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):409-415
pages 409-415 views

Dependences of the Vacancy Concentration and the Self-Diffusion Coefficient on the Size and Shape of a Nanocrystal

Magomedov M.N.

Abstract

Based on the generalized Rectangular Parallelepiped (RP) model of a nanocrystal, an expression for the Helmholtz free energy is derived and the equation of state for the nanocrystal, which contains both lattice vacancies and delocalized (diffusing) atoms, is calculated. The dependences of the probability of formation vacancies (φv) and the probability of delocalization of an atom (φv) on the size and shape of a nanocrystal at different temperatures (T) and pressures (P) are studied. The calculations are performed for the BCC lattice of iron under the condition of isothermal compression of a nanocrystal along the isotherms at 300 and 1000 K. The size dependences are studied at the atmospheric pressure (P = 1 bar) and at P = 100 kbar. It is shown that the isothermal–isobaric growth of a nanocrystal at the atmospheric pressure and T = 300 K gives a lower number of vacancies per atom in a nanocrystal in comparison with a macroscopic crystal, but dispersing the latter at T = 1000 K increases the probability of formation of vacancies. Upon reducing the size of a nanocrystal, the probability of delocalization of an atom (the same as the self-diffusion coefficient) increases at any pressure and temperature. The φv/φv ratio decreases with a decrease in the size of a nanocrystal and the out-of-vacancy self-diffusion is observed at the size at which the number of delocalized atoms is larger than the number of vacant sites in the nanocrystal lattice. When the shape of a nanocrystal deviates from the most optimal shape (from the cubic shape in the case of the RP model), the size dependences of the nanocrystal lattice properties become stronger.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):416-425
pages 416-425 views

Fabrication and Study of Parameters and Properties of Nanostructured Membranes for MEMS Devices

Dyuzhev N.A., Gusev E.E., Gryazneva T.A., Dedkova A.A., Dronova D.A., Kireev V.Y., Kirilenko E.P., Migunov D.M., Novikov D.V., Patyukov N.N., Presnukhina A.A., Bakun A.D., Ermakov D.S.

Abstract

The technology of forming blanks of nanostructured membranes for MEMS devices based on alternating Si3N4/SiO2 layers with a nanometer thickness has been developed. A comprehensive study of the structure and composition of membranes using microanalysis methods based on spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), probe profilometry, and X-ray diffractometry is performed. The mechanical stress in silicon wafers with blanks of nanostructured membranes is experimentally determined.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):426-437
pages 426-437 views

Atomic Force Microscopy in Morphological Studies of Liver in the American Mink

Ezhkov V.O., Ezhkova A.M., Yapparov A.K., Yapparov I.A., Nizameev I.R., Nefedyev E.S.

Abstract

This article contains the results of morphological studies of liver in the American mink (Neovison vison) by atomic force microscopy. We have performed the visualization of hepatocytes, principal cell structures, and intercellular contacts. In contrast to studies on the liver structure by electron microscopy, it is found that hepatocytes have an uneven structure and polygonal shape with a thick central part (with nucleus) and oblong polar parts. The nucleus of the hepatocytes has a round or oval shape, uneven surface, and notable karyolemma. The nucleolus is located on the surface of the nucleus and has a pyramidal shape. The texture of the cytoplasm is unevenly nodular, and the edges of intercellular contacts are uneven. Our data on the nanostructure of liver can be used in measuring of morphological parameters of healthy organs in minks and for the comparative diagnostics of hepatic pathologies.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):438-443
pages 438-443 views

Structural Features of the Nucleolus in the Mouse Germinal Vesicle Oocyte Revealed by AFM, SEM, and ToF-SIMS

Astafiev A.A., Gulin A.A., Osychenko A.A., Solodina A.E., Syrchina M.S., Titov A.A., Shakhov A.M., Pogorelov A.G., Pogorelova V.N., Panait A.I., Nadtochenko V.A.

Abstract

The structural organization of the biological material in the nucleoli (Nucleolus-Like Bodies (NLBs)) in mouse GV oocytes has been studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Experimental samples are prepared by quick plunge freezing, followed by freeze-drying, embedding in Epon epoxy resin, and sectioning with a microtome. The biological material in the NLBs is found to be organized as a domain structure of densely packed granules with sizes from tenths of a micron to a micron.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):444-447
pages 444-447 views

Nanocapillaries: A Universal Tool for Modern Biomedical Applications

Usmanov A.R., Erofeev A.S., Gorelkin P.V., Korchev Y.E., Majouga A.G.
Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):448-460
pages 448-460 views

Technologies and Perspectives of Liposomal Drug Application in Clinical Practice

Krasnopolskii Y.M., Grigor’eva A.S., Katsai A.G., Konakhovich N.F., Prokhorov V.V., Stadnichenko A.V., Balaban’yan V.Y., Lyutik A.I., Shvets V.I.

Abstract

In this article the results from studies of liposomes with the inclusion of active pharmacological substances (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, cytochrome C, doxorubicin, quercetine, etc.) in lipid nanoparticles are introduced. The key techniques of adding substances to liposomes are observed: the lipid-film method and the gradient and chemical-bond methods. The main conditions for the inclusion of drugs in liposomes are presented. Questions of determining the inclusion in liposomes and the synthesis and control of the liposomal drugs are discussed. The synthesized drugs are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials. Some of the proposed drugs have already been registered and have been used in medical practice for more than 25 years.

Nanobiotechnology Reports. 2017;12(7-8):461-470
pages 461-470 views