The historical experience of the six waves of Russian emigration and the current policy of preventing brain drain

The article analyzes the consequences of emigration after the start of the special military operation for the scientific and engineering potential of the country. First of all, attention is paid to IT-specialists. Within the framework of the historical sociology approach, a model of 6 waves of emigration from Russia over 100 years has been proposed. The waves of Russian emigration are consistently considered with reference to the problems of the relationship between the intelligentsia and the government and the "brain drain". The characteristic of each of the waves of emigration, features, motivations, social composition, orientation, allowing them to be distinguished from each other not only by time periods, is given. Thus, waves No.1, 2, 3, 6 had a political and ideological justification, waves No.4, 5 were exclusively economic, the outflow of qualified personnel was associated with waves No.1, 3, 4, 6. The "idea of a common fate" with Russia was considered as an alternative to the assimilation of emigrants in the host country. A comparative analysis of the perception of Russian emigrants by the host country (the West) in the conditions of the Cold War and detente (the "third wave" of emigration) and in the conditions of hybrid war (the "sixth wave") is carried out. Conclusions are drawn based on the indicated trends that, under the conditions of sanctions, there was no collapse of the Russian economy in general and the IT industry in particular, and there was no personnel disaster with the departure of qualified specialists.

waves of emigration, relocants, brain drain, intelligentsia and government, IT-specialists, the idea of a common destiny, hybrid warfare, comparative historical method