Vol 4, No 2 (2024)
Articles
In Memoriam of Leonid L. Rybakovsky
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):8-8
8-8
Demographic and migration theory
Conceptual and Methodological Approach to the Analysis of International Migration of Professionals
Abstract
The most significant triggers of transformation in the qualitative structure of labor migration, alongside globalization processes and the intellectualization of the economy, are trends such as transnationalization and integration, which influence changes in employment structure and increase the demand for skilled and highly skilled labor. The absence of specialists in the national labor market stimulates migration flows of professionals, the demand for which will only continue to grow, while the migration processes themselves become more complex. The article conducts a comparative analysis of theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of migration of highly qualified specialists, defines a system of criteria underlying the classification of a particular worker as a type of labor migrant, and identifies the role of such actors in the circulation and regulation of migration of highly qualified specialists as states, transnational companies and integration associations. A new conceptual-methodological approach is proposed, the essence of which lies in the application of the typology of “migrant-professionals”, encompassing three broad groups of qualified/highly qualified specialists, depending on the varying levels of education, qualification, work experience, salary, and the degree of liberalization of the migration regime. The application of the proposed methodology will allow for a more comprehensive accounting and analysis of migrant-professionals, comparison of the effectiveness and flexibility of migration regulation instruments, ultimately contributing to the rapid satisfaction of sectoral labor market needs, as well as further technological development of countries.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):9-20
9-20
Migration in the Context of Innovation: Research on Policies to Attract Science and Technology Human Resources in Asian Countries and Experiences for Vietnam
Abstract
The migration wave is increasingly becoming the focal point of international discourse amid the rapid globalization. Consequently, the authors conducted a study on the impacts of migration in the context of innovation, specifically focusing on talent attraction in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly within the realm of Science and Technology. This article succinctly summarizes key theories regarding labor migration in the context of innovation, providing an overview of high-skilled labor exchange through the attraction of scientific and technological personnel across nations. Additionally, the article reflects on how migration influences the development of Science and Technology, as well as its economic implications. To conduct this research, the authors employed two primary research methods, including qualitative research through in-depth interviews with experts and quantitative research by analyzing composite indices from reputable organizations specializing in migration and innovation. The article emphasizes three Asian countries: South Korea, China, and Japan, all of which have excelled in advancing and enhancing their levels of scientific and technological expertise, along with their strategies for attracting skilled personnel. Policies focusing on recruiting high-quality labor with advanced knowledge are identified as pivotal factors determining their progress in this field. Consequently, in collaboration with expert consultations, the authors propose insights into policies for attracting quality human resources in the field of Science and Technology in Vietnam. This is intended to provide essential information for the government, businesses, educational institutions, and civil society.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):21-43
21-43
Health, self-preservation behavior, and mortality
Infant Mortality Dynamics in Moscow during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected all aspects of public health and healthcare system as well as all age groups of population. Infant mortality is one of the most important indicators characterizing the general state of health and quality of life of the population. The article represents in-depth analysis of cases, structure and causes of infant mortality according to Rosstat data for 2000–2022. We also evaluated influence of COVID-19 on formation of the capital’s indicator in those years that is why 2019 was considered as the “basic” when analyzing mortality indicators. The study purpose is to determine a degree of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the formation of infant mortality rates in Moscow. Authors use statistical analysis of official Rosstat data on infant mortality in Moscow and Russian Federation as a whole conducted. Data analyzed using decomposition by periods of infant mortality, sex, classes and certain death causes. During 2019–2022, infant mortality rate in Moscow has continuously reducing including the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022 infant mortality rate in Moscow, estimated 3.5 per 1000 live births that is lower than Russia’s average by 21%, although before 2019 reduction rates in Russian Federation were higher by 13.7 percentage points. It is necessary to note the capital’s infant mortality rate in 2022 compared to 2021 reduced by 2.8% and in Russia by 3.3%. According to Rosstat data, reduction of infant mortality in 2022 was mainly due to boys’ indicator: in Moscow, overall reduction estimated 7.1%, in Russia as a whole– 5.9%. The capital’s indicator for girls reduced in 2022 by 1.7%, in Russia as a whole– by 0.8%. In contrast to the increase in mortality rates in other age groups, during the pandemic years, infant mortality rate in Moscow continuously reduced and in 2022 estimated 3.5 per 1000 live births, which is 21% lower than the national average. Infant mortality reduction in Moscow was mainly due to boys. Discovered growth of early neonatal mortality from neonatal diabetes mellitus, from other congenital abnormalities of the nervous system and circulatory system, as well as growing share of deaths of infants with normal body weight are of serious concern and require special measures. The COVID-19 pandemic has not had any significant impact on infant mortality in Moscow.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):44-57
44-57
Features of Medical Activity of the Population of the Amur Region
Abstract
The article discusses the features of medical activity and adherence to preventive measures among the population of the Amur Region based on sociological research. Based on the clustering of municipalities of the Amur region, an analysis of the influence of the availability of medical care on the level of medical activity was carried out. Two significant components have been identified that impede the improvement of the region’s population: neglect of qualified medical care and regular preventive measures. Significant territorial disproportions in adherence to a healthy lifestyle have been established. It has been proven that adherence to clinical examination and preventive medical examinations is characterized by age vector and characteristics of settlement. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of the medical activity of the population of the Amur region in the context of adherence to following medical recommendations and undergoing periodic medical examinations and medical examinations.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):58-73
58-73
Demographics of the labor market
Statistical Analisis of Distance Employment in the Russian Federation
Abstract
The article examines the features of distance employment in the Russian Federation and its regions. The information base was the results of the All-Russian Population Census of the 2021 stage and data from the Labor Force Survey conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service. The paper presents a quantitative characteristic of the phenomenon under consideration, the degree of its prevalence and homogeneity across the territory of Russia. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the advantages and disadvantages of remote work. Based on the results of the All-Russian Population Census conducted in 2021, a comparative analysis of federal districts was performed by the proportion of remote workers in the number of employed people working outside their locality. The analysis of the structure of remote workers by federal districts, as well as by the territory where the work is located, is carried out. The grouping of the subjects of the country according to the share of remote workers in the territory of their subject in the total number of remote workers was carried out. The dynamics and structure of remote workers are analyzed based on the results of a Labor Force Survey conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of remote workers on all days of the working week and only a few days.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):74-87
74-87
Policies to Attract High-Quality Foreign Human Resources in Korea and Suggestions for Vietnam
Abstract
Human resources, specifically high-quality human resources play an important role in economy of any country today. The context of globalization and the fourth industrial revolution has had a profound impact on the process of cooperation between countries fundamentally changing its structure including labor cooperation. Over the past decades, the population structure of the Republic of Korea has changed dramatically, as the population aging outpacing the birth rate resulted in this country having to face the challenges of domestic labor resources shortage and expand the recruitment of immigrant workers from other countries in the region and the world to supplement human resources necessary to serve the further economic development process. Vietnam is likely to face the same demographic challenges in long run, that is why the experience of South Korea in fighting them is highly relevant. This paper aims to draw policy suggestions for Vietnam based on the analysis of empirical evidence and academic theories collected through various sources including scientific journals, newspapers, the internet, and books about developing high-quality human resources in South Korea, as well as assessing the lack of quality human resources in South Korea, and Vietnam through calculations based on statistics retrieved from international open data sources.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):88-98
88-98
Forecast development of housing provision for the urban population in the context of economic transformation of the Kyrgyz Republic
Abstract
The relationship between urban housing policy and demographic trends in the cities of Kyrgyzstan is of paramount importance for sustainable urban development. This study focuses on Bishkek and Osh, the two largest cities in Kyrgyzstan, where more than 60% of the urban population lives. Using correlation analysis, we examine the relationship between demographic factors and housing construction indicators. The purpose of the work is to determine the degree of relationship between indicators of the provision of housing space and demographic trends in the city. Also, based on the identified correlation, the forecast development of the dynamics of development of the urban population, housing stock and housing supply ratio is given. Our results highlight the need for holistic public housing and population policies that promote mutual growth of urban population and housing stock. Through historical analysis and future projections, we advocate for a unified strategic urban development plan that takes housing and demographics into account. At the same time, the private enterprise sector is an important factor in the development of the housing stock. Key indicators studied in the work include the size of the urban population, growth dynamics, the commissioning of new housing space, the housing stock and the provision of housing per capita. This study contributes to the formulation of effective policies to address the housing needs of urban populations in the face of changing demographics.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):99-115
99-115
Emigration and diaspora demographics
Functioning of the Chinese Diaspora in Canada: Demographic and Sociocultural Aspects
Abstract
The Chinese community in Canada is one of the largest diasporas. According to the 2021 Census, the number of Chinese immigrants and their descendants in Canada has reached 1.71 million, of which more than 1.29 million speak Chinese as their first language. The vast Chinese language ecosystem created by descendants has a significant impact on the language environment and politics of Canada. In order to shape the Chinese language environment, in addition to the education of the Chinese language in the state education system and Confucius Institutes, non-governmental organizations such as Chinese schools, Chinese societies, the Chinese press, community centers and families play an important role. Together they create a coherent model for the shared delivery of the Chinese language ecosystem in Canada, based on government supply, public participation, market mechanisms and family education.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):116-132
116-132
Trends in the Development of the “Russian-Speaking Economy” in the Kingdom of Thailand at the present stage
Abstract
The growing flows of native Russian-speakers from the CIS countries to the Kingdom of Thailand, but primarily from the Russian Federation, due to many reasons (first of all, the preservation of an unstable geopolitical situation in the world, illegal sanctions, imposed by Western states against Russia, the emergence of an impressive number of followers of a more mobile lifestyle, i.e. digital nomads, etc.) against the background of Thailand’s self-sufficient foreign and trade policy to attract foreigners and international capital, the development of bilateral relations with the Russian Federation, etc. As a result, the Kingdom has been becoming one of the most attractive destinations for travel, life, and work of our compatriots. All this leads to the rapid development of the so-called “Russian-speaking economy”, which is gradually turning into a significant factor that can not only satisfy the consumer demand of representatives of the Russian-speaking community temporarily staying or living abroad, but also provide them with work, in fact giving them the opportunity to integrate more smoothly into social and economic processes and society of the host country, allowing they communicate and integrate. Moreover, goods and services, as well as the number of enterprises that provide services mainly to the Russian-speakers, is actively expanding. The authors of the article set themselves the task of investigating a relatively new social phenomenon, i.e. so-called «Russian-speaking» economy, describing situation within the Kingdom of Thailand in terms of structure and functioning features, and in addition, as a mechanism for the adaptation of Russian-speaking migrants in the labor market of the host country. The scale of such economy closely dependents on the number of the Russian-speaking communities and the volume of tourist flows from the CIS. Therefore, a special section of the work is devoted to the peculiarities of the flow of the Russian-speakers to Thailand.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):133-147
133-147
Reviews and essays
Adaptation of migrants in Russia in the mirror of comprehensive sociological research
Abstract
This article is devoted to the analysis of the main provisions and conclusions contained in the new collective monograph “Adaptation and integration of migrants in Russia: challenges, realities, indicators” published by the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and published on December 26, 2022. Referring to the table of contents of this collective monograph, the attentive reader will surely understand that it was preceded by many years and, of course, painstaking work of the entire scientific team of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on solving the problems both theoretical and practical. The first thing that catches the eye is certainly the theoretical basis of the work, consisting of powerful serious texts from foreign and domestic authors. In addition, we can note a worthy empirical base consisting of data from different years. On the pages of the peer-reviewed collective monograph, the authors will tell the reader about migrants' access to the labor market, about the availability of the health care system, education, and housing. The paper also shows the specifics of the integration of migrants from Central Asia. Important migration strategies in the context of transnational practices have received due attention. The paper also notes the attitude of Russians towards migrants, which can hardly be called “friendly”. A significant part of migrants, despite the existing (barriers), have adapted to the conditions of the Russian labor market. In addition to understanding the ideas presented in this collective monograph, the authors of the review separately dwell on some provisions and cover them in detail, and supplement them with their own developments, in addition, they note critical points and wishes in the development of this issue.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):148-155
148-155
Scientific life
Round Table “Migration Governance: Issues of Regulation and Efficiency Assessment”
Abstract
On March 26, 2024, a round table “Migration governance: issues of regulation and efficiency assessment” was held at the Institute for Demographic Research– Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The participation of specialists from various fields of science enabled a comprehensive discussion of key issues in improving migration governance efficiency and helped to bridge the gap between the views of theorists and practitioners regarding conceptual approaches to developing assessment systems.
DEMIS. Demographic Research. 2024;4(2):156-174
156-174