Measuring. Monitoring. Management. Control

Background. The subject of the study is microdrons designed for to penetrate into confined, hard-to-reach spaces in order to collect heterogeneous information about the condition of the object under study. The purpose of the work is to select and technically substantiate the component base of a microdrone capable of operating effectively in conditions of limited space and difficult accessibility of the survey area. Materials and methods. As part of the study, a comparative analysis of the components for assembling the microdron was carried out, as well as a justification for the selection of specific components that provide the required performance characteristics. Results and conclusions. It is shown that the use of microdrones makes it possible to explore hard-to-reach objects with higher speed and efficiency while significantly reducing risks for the operator. The versatility of the solution being developed is ensured by an optimized selection of the element base and adaptive configuration of the flight controller software.

Background. As practice and research have shown, the creation of complex measuring devices operating in extreme conditions (high temperature fluctuations, high humidity, aggressive environments, etc.) requires taking into account their specifics. This specificity includes the need to include sensors of physical quantities (SPQ) and electronic converters (EC), diagnostic systems based on the use of optical elements, electromechanical reverse converters, etc. In addition, when developing measuring transducer (MP) designs and technologies, it is advisable to create mathematical models (MM) of components and parts of MP. In the process of MM analysis, it is possible to track the presence of significant mechanical stresses in nodes and parts, while their presence can lead to degradation and failure of the MP and the electronic converter. Materials and methods. Further confirmation of defects in the composition of the MP can be confirmed after accelerated tests of the laboratory model of the MP in dynamic mode (accelerated tests), for example, by applying vibrations of a certain level and amplitude. Results. The MP uses new assembly technologies using electroadhesive bonding of semiconductor crystals with glass and metal. Conclusions. As and result of the conducted research, manufacturing technologies for a number of combined sensors of various physical quantity have been developed and mastered. It is shown that the production of combined MP is possible in the conditions of both specialized organizations and small enterprises working with ready-made sensitive elements obtained through cooperation.

Background. This work relevance is specified by the need to ensure and improve the reliability and safety of operation for means of metrological support of portable systems designed for long-term operation in severe operating conditions. The work objective is to perform an analysis in order to determine the structural elements of the means of metrological support of portable systems that are reliability and safety critical for operation, and to increase their reliability by developing measures to reduce this criticality. Materials and methods. Analysis of types, implications and criticality of measuring instrument failures has been carried out. Structured method with the level of indenture up to electronic component is proposed for analysis. Elements critical from the point of view of reliability and safety of operation have been identified. Level of implications due to the failures has been determined. Results and conclusions. The work results are applicable to increase the reliability of the means of metrological support of portable systems, to ensure long-term safety of operation, to provide information in the design and development of similar products.

Background. The development of modern technologies for manufacturing metal products of complex geometric shapes, which include the method of metal injection molding (MIM), confirms the need to improve methods and means of non-destructive surface quality control of products. The purpose of the study is to analyze the types of surface defects of MIM products and develop the structure of a laser speckle interferometry installation for monitoring the surface morphology of the resulting products. Materials and methods. The possibilities of using laser speckle interferometry to control the surface morphology of products made by metal injection molding (MIM technology) are considered. A comparative analysis of laser speckle interferometry has been performed in comparison with traditional control methods such as contact profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Results. The structure of a laser speckle interferometry unit for monitoring the surface morphology of MIM products is proposed. The installation includes a laser module, an optical system consisting of a beam expander, a beam divider and a focusing lens. When the laser beam interacts with the microdimensions of the surface, an interference pattern is formed, which contains information about the morphology of the surface. The speckle image is captured by a highly sensitive CCD camera and analyzed using a computer using the developed algorithms. Conclusions. It is shown that laser speckle interferometry allows for real-time non-contact monitoring of large surface areas with a resolution of 100 nm. The results of using the proposed installation for the diagnosis of characteristic defects of MIM products: uneven shrinkage, porosity, microcracks and increased roughness are presented.

Background. The problem of increasing the adequacy of the results of thermophysical design and construction, in conditions of the need to ensure a given reliability, does not lose its relevance. The conducted research is aimed at increasing the adequacy of the results of the thermophysical design of electronic equipment by increasing the completeness of the thermophysical parameters of heat-dissipating elements by improving the methods of thermophysical design of electronic means. To do this, it is necessary to solve the problem of developing a thermophysical design algorithm taking into account the actual thermal resistance of the heat sink element. Materials and methods. Based on the methodological basis of the thermophysical design of radioelectronic devices, an algorithm for thermophysical design based on measuring the value of thermal resistance is proposed. The latter is a universal characteristic of electronic equipment heat sinks, which combines such parameters of cooling systems as the effective area and thermal conductivity of the material. Results. The algorithm proposed in the work, when applied at the stages of thermophysical design, makes it possible to take into account the actual value of the thermal resistance of heat sinks and thereby increase the completeness of data on the thermophysical parameters of heat sink elements of electronic equipment and electronic means.

Background. The article is devoted to the study of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of physical quantity converters under manufacturing conditions. The relevance of the presented materials lies in the fact that it is during the manufacturing and adjustment of physical quantity converters that their stability and quality of operation at the measurement object are determined. The purpose of the article is to develop control methods and select metrological control tools, in particular, amplitude-frequency and vibration control tools, to ensure the correct measurement of fastflowing processes and minimize the influence of vibration during bench and test site measurements of the parameters of various products and units of rocket-space and flight equipment. Materials and methods. The article provides a description of the designs of modern transducers and explains the proposed methods for monitoring certain metrological characteristics that are very important for the rocket and space industries and aviation. The article also discusses and analyzes the physical responses of transducers to vibration, air and gas flows, and the locations where measuring transducers are installed. Results and conclusions. As a result of the conducted research in the field of monitoring and generating acoustic signals of various amplitudes and frequencies, the correctly achievable amplitude and frequency ranges of the studied measuring transducers were determined, which allowed us to determine the nomenclature of sensors and the methods of their research for exposure to various external interferences.

Background. The simulation method allows for the application of optimal design and engineering solutions in sensor development at the prototyping stage. The objective is to simulate a sensitive element, membrane, and beam elastic element under nominal and overload pressure, taking into account the ambient temperature. Materials and methods. The simulation method employed involves replacing the developed sensor with its model. Solidworks software was employed in the research, allowing for the prevention of errors at the early stages of development. Results and conclusions. Simulation modeling of membrane and beam sensitive elements allowed for the determination of relative radial deformation values under nominal pressure. By approximating the beam SE simulation results, polynomial and power-law dependencies were obtained for determining the relative radial deformation value and the natural frequency depending on the beam thickness. Beam thicknesses were determined for which the safety factor for plastic deformations is 1.3.

Background. An important component of the metrological support of technical systems is the verification of measuring instruments performed in the verification units that are part of the metrological services. An analysis of the processes of functioning of verification bodies of state and departmental metrological services, as well as well-known approaches to assessing their quality, indicates that, in a generalized form, the content of their activities consists in performing certain volumes and types of verification work in accordance with existing requirements, using temporary and other (technical, energy, financial, etc.) resources. The aim of the work is to assess the stability of the metrological support system in conditions of constraints associated with high dynamics of changes in the current situation, uncertainty of resource and infrastructural needs. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of ensuring the sustainability of the metrological support system in the organization of metrological services. Materials and methods. The research is based on the use of hypergraph theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics, reliability theory in relation to the tasks of assessing the stability of the metrological support system. Results. A brief analysis of the problem of assessing the stability of the metrological support system is presented. Conclusions. The proposed methodology can be used in the scientific and feasibility study of the development of promising metrological support systems for complex technical complexes.

Background. The aim of the work is to analyze the methods and means for assessing the biochemical parameters of oral fluid. Materials and methods. The review examines the results of studies published from 2014 to 2024. Results. To systematize the research results, the indicators were divided into the following groups: proteins and peptides, cytokines and inflammation mediators, enzymes and their inhibitors. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis, the most effective and accurate methods for diagnosing inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity for specific diseases were identified to reduce treatment times and reduce the risk of complications.

Background. The need to improve the safety and effectiveness of pharmacotherapy determines the relevance of developing online systems for personalized drug selection. The aim of the study is to design an online system that provides personalized selection of drugs, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, drug interactions and current clinical recommendations. Materials and methods. The system is based on a multi-level drug selection algorithm, including basic filtering, analysis of drug interactions based on a graph model, and personalized drug ranking. The software system is designed on a microservice architecture using Node technologies.js, React.js, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Neo4j. Results. An online system for selecting medicines has been designed. The chosen approach to data storage provides an optimal balance between performance, scalability and functionality. The results of the algorithms have been tested and shown. Conclusions. In this context, the development of online systems for drug selection becomes particularly relevant as a mechanism to enhance the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Ultimately, an online system should provide personalized medication selection considering the individual characteristics of the patient, drug interactions, and current clinical guidelines.

Background. Modern prostheses equipped with feedback do not fully allow control over the pressure applied to an object. This study is aimed at developing a control system that enables the regulation of the pressure applied, thereby enhancing the functionality and ease of use of prostheses. Materials and methods. The system utilizes a strain gauge sensor, an HX711 module, an Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller, and an MG946R servo motor. Software components include the Servo.h and HX711.h libraries for the Arduino IDE. The study employs methods of hardware prototyping using 3D printing, algorithmic control with a closed force-feedback loop, and experimental modeling with real-time monitoring of system parameters to evaluate pressure stabilization accuracy. Results. A control algorithm was developed to maintain a specified gripping force by regulating the contact pressure. An experimental setup was created, integrating a strain gauge on the servo motor shaft. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm successfully achieves target pressure when the object remains static within the gripping mechanism. The transitional process graphs are presented, demonstrating the operation of the gripping mechanism during pressure stabilization at approximately 400 g, with servo shaft angle adjustments of up to 140° and characteristic deviations of up to ±18° under dynamic conditions. These results confirm the capability of adaptive object retention and highlight the potential of the proposed algorithm for use in prosthetic systems with force-feedback control. Conclusions. The developed hardware-software complex enables pressure regulation on objects, enhancing the functional capabilities of upper-limb prostheses. The proposed approach can also be applied to position-force control systems and robotic devices requiring precise interaction force management.