No 2 (2023)
GENERAL EDUCATION
Influence of moral concepts of senior preschoolers on interpersonal relationships with peers
Abstract
The article presents the actual problem of studying the moral ideas of older preschoolers and their impact on interpersonal relationships with peers. The authors consider the theoretical aspects of the concepts of “morality”, “moral ideas”, “interpersonal relations” based on scientific research on this issue. The need to study the influence of moral ideas of older preschoolers on interpersonal relationships with peers is due to the manifestation of instability, emotionality, dynamism, selectivity of relationships, the specifics of moral development in older preschool age. The experiment was aimed at establishing relationships between the level of formation of moral ideas and interpersonal relationships in 2 groups of older preschoolers. The main diagnostic methods were the conversation, the method of problem situations, as well as the method of mathematical statistics of the r-Spearman rank correlation coefficient. A high level of formation of moral ideas in the preschool subjects was established, as well as a low level of emotional involvement in the actions of a peer and a high level of prosocial actions addressed to a peer. The following types of positive correlation were revealed: between the moral ideas of older preschoolers and emotional involvement as an interest and various emotions in relation to the actions of a peer; between the moral ideas of older preschoolers and the nature of children’s participation in the actions of a peer; between the moral ideas of older preschoolers and the social actions of a child in relation to a peer partner; moral values of older preschoolers and emotional the states of children in relation to each other in joint play activities. It is concluded that the influence of moral ideas of older preschoolers on interpersonal relationships with peers may have practical significance in the development of programs for the moral and social development of preschool children.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):7-15
7-15
Features of the organization of pre-school training of bilingual children in the Republic of Tajikistan
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the experience of working with bilingual children of six years in the conditions of preschool training for Russian schools opened in the Republic of Tajikistan. The educational process in these schools will be carried out in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education of the Russian Federation. The features of the implementation of the pre-school training program, developed in accordance with the requirements of the preschool education standard and tested in classes with bilingual children, are described. The features of bilingual six-year-olds are determined. The methods of organizing educational and play activities of preschool children who have mastered the Russian language at different levels are described, which in the future may cause difficulties for students in achieving subject and meta-subject results determined by the educational program. The speech environment is characterized, which has formed a natural bilingualism in the child and does not contribute to enriching the speech experience of a preschooler. The reasons for the difficulties in teaching bilingual children are explained. The reasons of difficulties in conducting classes on pre-school preparation, which arise both in children and in the teacher, are revealed. The stages of the organization of preschool training of future first-graders are presented, the essential directions of this work, including linguistic and mathematical content, are considered. Based on the results of work in the conditions of preschool preparation, the main conclusions are made that can guide primary school teachers implementing the educational process in Russian schools of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):16-23
16-23
Ethical foundations, social modeling potential and creative aspects of literary game for younger schoolchildren “Cities on the Asphalt...”
Abstract
The article outlines the methodical concept, views the procedure of organization and holding and evaluates pedagogical capabilities and current results of the All-Russian literary game contest “Cities on the Asphalt...”, which is based on the short story of the same name by Tomsk fantasy and science fiction writer Viktor Kolupaev and has been held under the foundation of the Tomsk Regional Universal Scientific Library named after A. S. Pushkin since 2015 to the present. The author analyzes the game content produced in seven seasons (names, drawings and descriptions of “cities for alien”, lists of game roles, features of project presentation), traces the ethical, socially-oriented and creative component of the contestants’ activities, identifies the principles of interaction between sources of game design (the text of the reference short story, “fantasy and science fiction standard”, a variety of background knowledge, including specific ones related to ethno-confessional traditions and local history information), characterizes the measures to optimize the pedagogical effects of the game. The study showed that the emotional acceptance of the ethical message of the reference short story, which determines the general orientation of the game activity, is in most cases unconditional, while the social attitudes and creative self-expression of the players may require pedagogical regulation.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):24-36
24-36
Game training as efficient means of vocational choice of generation Z high school students
Abstract
The questions of the effectiveness of methods and approaches used in vocational guidance in modern education are considered. The results of the analysis of the state of the modern labor market, as well as the real number of citizens working outside their specialty, are presented. It is indicated that unfavorable statistics are formed due to the absence or illiterate conduct of career guidance activities for modern adolescents in a comprehensive school, which contradicts the main regulatory documents governing the conduct of career guidance work. The article provides a critical analysis of career guidance psychodiagnostic methods currently used, which were created in the second half of the 20th century and do not take into account the specifics of professions, as well as the generational trend of modern adolescents. The authors have developed career guidance interactive game training as an innovative means of career guidance, which is more adaptive in relation to modern high school students – representatives of the Z generation. The results of the experiment showed that the proposed author’s career guidance system in the paradigm “author’s questionnaire – game career guidance training – individual consultations with parents and children” can be considered a more effective tool for the professional orientation of modern schoolchildren compared to other methods used in modern education.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):37-47
37-47
TEACHER EDUCATION
Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school in the professional training of future subject teachers
Abstract
The implementation of the national project “Education” requires a change in approaches to the learning process at school and university. The federal project “Digital Educational Environment” implemented within the framework of this national project contains a description of the specific goals and objectives of training teachers who are able to carry out professional activities in the conditions of digitalization of the educational environment. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of the discipline “Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school” in the training of future subject teachers at a pedagogical university. The basis of the research is the academic discipline “Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school”, aimed at mastering information systems and technical equipment of the digital educational environment of the school by students of the IV–V courses of pedagogical specialties of the Kuzbass Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute of Kemerovo State University (KSPI KemGU). The research materials indicate the problems of introducing modern technical and software tools of the digital school environment into the educational process of training future teachers. In the course of the study, it was found that for the successful implementation of information systems and technical means to ensure a digital educational environment, a different approach to the planning of the training course is required and, accordingly, the redistribution of time for the preparation and conduct of classes on the basis of technical support of the course. The entrance survey of students aimed at studying students’ attitudes to the use of information systems and technical means of the digital educational environment in professional activities showed that the main difficulty is the lack of opportunities for self-study using technical equipment that ensures the functioning of the digital educational environment based on digital services. Nevertheless, in the course of the study, it was found that at present conditions have been created at KSPI KemGU for the successful implementation of information systems and technical means of the digital educational environment in the educational process of the university in the preparation of future teachers. The author’s course of the discipline “Information systems of the digital educational environment of the school” has been developed using modern capabilities of information systems and technical means to ensure the work of a digital school. The research materials are of interest to scientific and pedagogical communities discussing the development of the digital educational environment of the school.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):48-57
48-57
Interactive pedagogical communication on religious studies excursions: specifics, application possibilities, results
Abstract
The relevance of the problem of the possibilities and specifics of the use of interactive communication on religious studies excursions is determined by the active search for forms and methods of conducting such excursions by modern teachers and guides with a general lack of development of forms and methods of using interactive pedagogical technologies on excursions dedicated to religious culture. The object of analysis in this article is the specifics and possibilities of using interactive communication on religious studies excursions. The material for the analysis is the pedagogical experience of conducting interactive excursions within the framework of the project “Female Monastery in Tomsk: immersion in reality”. The features of interactive communication on religious studies excursions are revealed, among which are reliance on the current knowledge and experience of the audience and immersion in religious culture through the use of symbols of this culture on the excursion. As a result, positive results of the use of interactive interaction were revealed: the destruction of stereotypes about religious culture among the audience, the growth of interest in tradition, as well as in the history of the excursion object itself. The materials of the article can be used in the educational process of higher educational institutions and secondary schools.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):58-67
58-67
The attitude of St. Petersburg teachers to additional professional education in distance and blended format
Abstract
The features of the distance learning format that affect its popularity when teachers choose educational programs for advanced training are analyzed. The results of a study conducted in 2022 of the attitude of teachers in St. Petersburg to advanced training in full-time, distance and mixed formats are presented. Teachers highly appreciate the remote courses they have completed. The main disadvantage of distance courses is the lack of convenient and quick feedback from the teacher. The lack of technical means or the lack of digital competencies in our city today no longer play a role in choosing a full-time or remote form. For successful distance learning, a high level of internal motivation of students is extremely important. In general, teachers consider the blended learning format to be the most effective. Theoretical sections of the educational program teachers would prefer to take place remotely, and training in subject methods, technologies, methods of pedagogical work would prefer to take place in person. Teachers formulated requirements for pedagogical design and interface of remote modules. The prospects for building more flexible courses in a mixed format are associated with the need for certain regulatory and organizational changes in the additional professional education system.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):68-76
68-76
Updating effective forms of mentoring in the system of general education
Abstract
The issue of the development of mentoring, the system for managing the movement of mentoring in the pedagogical sphere, the dissemination of its forms in the system of general education is being updated. The aim of the study is to determine the essential characteristics of the mentoring phenomenon, various forms of mentoring in the Soviet period. The research methodology includes the analysis of domestic and foreign pedagogical scientific literature on the forms of mentoring, content analysis, generalization and systematization of data. Research results. The content analysis of the definitions of the concept of “mentoring” in the educational sphere is presented. The essential characteristics of mentoring are singled out, the functions of mentoring are disclosed: information, orientation, mobilization, constructive, communicative, research. The features of pedagogical mentoring in the Soviet period are revealed in order to enrich the experience of organizing pedagogical guidance for the professional development of young teachers. The essential characteristics of the varieties of mentoring forms are revealed. A comparison of the main components of the mentoring system in the Soviet and modern periods is presented: organization of the mentoring system; forms and methods of work with mentors; forms of transferring the experience of mentors. It is concluded that it is necessary to further develop the system for managing the mentoring movement in the pedagogical sphere, develop a unified approach to the development of fundamental documents on mentoring, and further develop the content and forms of work of mentors in pedagogical science.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):77-85
77-85
Conception of the formation of the electoral culture of the teacher
Abstract
The work is devoted to the consideration of the conceptual foundations of the formation of the electoral culture of the teacher. The relevance of the work is due to the need to increase the electoral activity of citizens and increase motivation to participate in the electoral process. The author of the work offers a new perspective on participation in the electoral process through the prism of electoral culture. Electoral culture is considered as a part of the general culture. Electoral culture should be formed as early as possible. Not only the family, but also educational institutions should participate in this process. The author believes that the teacher has the greatest potential in the formation of electoral culture. In this regard, it is necessary to form an electoral culture among teachers and further form their understanding of the technologies of broadcasting electoral culture. The author proves that electoral culture can be formed only in a special cross-multilevel educational environment that creates conditions for this. The conceptual foundations of the formation of electoral culture are represented by the main provisions, conceptual and categorical apparatus, methodological foundations, theoretical foundations, semantic center of the concept, content and semantic content, pedagogical conditions and approbation of the concept. The paper presents an algorithm for the implementation of the concept, which allows to trace the logic of movement from theoretical positions to practical implementation. The objectives of the concept, defining its content, as well as the legal and regulatory framework that underlies the development of the concept are presented in detail. Special attention is paid to the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the concept and the theoretical foundations. The limits of the concept application are characterized. As a theoretical and methodological basis of the concept, we propose a four-level hierarchical structure of methodological foundations, including approaches at various levels. The practical result of the implementation of the concept is a program of additional education for teachers, focused on the formation of electoral culture.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):86-97
86-97
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
The model of training a specialist of an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment
Abstract
At the present stage, the problem of the quality of specialist training is common to all educational institutions of higher education, since the trend towards a decrease in the quality of specialist training persists. The analysis of existing approaches in scientists’ research to solving this problem indicates that in order to ensure the quality of specialist training, it is necessary to develop a structural and substantive model of specialist training at an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment, which allows establishing interdependent processes such as: setting goals, selecting tools, methods, setting criteria for conditions of a competitive environment, which is the purpose of this study. This article presents the author’s structural and content model of training a specialist of an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment, developed on the basis of the principles of systemic, qualimetric and environmental approaches. The content of each of the blocks of the model is disclosed, indicating the ways and directions of further development of organizational processes of an industrial transport university in the context of ensuring the quality of a competitive environment. The developed structural and content model allowed us to establish the relationship of all the processes described in the model and find key points among such components as conditions, processes and results of educational activity. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that the parameters of the model are logically justified, their completeness and interrelation, the study of the patterns of interaction among themselves, contribute to the development of the theory of university management in modern conditions. This model can be used as a practical basis for universities to develop measures to achieve the quality of training specialists and ensure the quality of its competitive environment.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):98-105
98-105
Educational technologies of blended learning in the training of technical specialists
Abstract
The article explains the specifics of full-time and distance learning. It distinguishes and describes the characteristic features of both formats. The paper presents the various models of blended learning. As a research task, the author identified an attempt to assess the effectiveness of the introduction of blended learning in the educational process of the college. The article describes the experience of using such forms of learning as “flipped classroom” and “station rotation” in the discipline “Electrical engineering” in the training of mid-level technical specialists. The most significant in the blended learning is qualitative assimilation of knowledge and skills. Quality is achieved by increasing the motivation of students, a variety of forms of organization of training and individual approach to students. The text gives an information on recommendations for methodological materials for students during the organization classes using blended learning technologies. The author concludes that the solution to the problem of introducing blended learning technologies is the organization of a pedagogical workshop for the study of innovative pedagogical technologies. In conclusion, the author proposes a program of a pedagogical workshop. The purpose of the workshop is to improve the qualification of teachers for the effective use of these pedagogical technologies in the educational process.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):106-112
106-112
PSYCHOLOGY
Personal and emotional-volitional components as determinants of the decision-making process
Abstract
Introduction. The relevance of the study of the peculiarities of decision-making and manifestation in this process of individual psychological features of personality is indicated. In the study of decisionmaking of specialists and managers, there were high scores on the scales of “Vigilance” and “Hupervigilance”, as well as the use of such a mechanism of psychological protection as “Intellectualization”, which indicates an increased awareness of the consequences in the choice of the decision, the tendency to apply productive behavioral strategies (constructive coping); in decision-making they rely on reason rather than intuitive thinking; when a problem situation arises, they seek certainty in position. In a separate group of specialists and managers, the traits of “over-vigilance” were identified that prevent the process of orientation in a problem situation, because of which the individual uses spontaneous and chaotic behavior and may make mistakes in choosing possible options for action. When studying the decision-making of performers, high scores were noted on the scales “Avoidance” and “Procrastination”, as well as the use of such a psychological defense mechanism as “Denial”, which indicates that when problem situations arise, they tend to use coping strategies, aimed at avoiding difficulties or “postponing” important matters for the following days, which is also expressed in the transfer of responsibility to other people and life circumstances, speaking of bad luck or prejudice on the part of the management team; insufficient assessment of the circumstances, avoidance of difficulties and responsibility, which is also confirmed by the results of the questionnaire aimed at making decisions. Features of decision-making are of interest for further study by modern psychological science, due to the fact that they manifest the individual psychological characteristics of a particular person and the effectiveness of its activities in the production process and other aspects of functioning, including human behavior in a stressful situation.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):113-121
113-121
Emotional and cognitive components of the national identity of the traditional ethnic groups of Mongolia
Abstract
The article deals with the question of demonstrating the features of the national identity of traditional ethnic groups under the influence of globalization and ethnic revival. Ethnic groups found themselves in the face of new challenges and a continuous process of clash of values, transformation of identity components due to the acuteness of the interaction of “their own” and “others” in the world of traditions and in the world of integration of cultures. The methodological basis for the analysis of national identity is the idea of the realities of the outside world as a condition for the development and existence of the individual, which was revealed in the scientific school of V. S. Mukhina “Phenomenology of the development and existence of personality”. We consider the coupling of the realities of the external world (the objective world, the natural world, the realities of figurative-sign systems and the realities of the socio-normative space) as a condition for the development and existence of a person, which determines national identity. The aim of the study was to determine the emotional and cognitive components of the national identity of small ethnic of Western Mongols: Myangat, Torgut, Khoton, Uriankhai and Olet. The respondents’ national identity is characterized by a high stereotyped awareness of “their own” and “others”, the predominance of the emotional evaluation factor, the high importance of the traditional attitude to the objective world, the natural world, the realities of figurative and symbolic systems and the realities of the socio-normative space.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):122-129
122-129
Development of professional identity in the educational space of higher education
Abstract
Mastering a profession is the most important task in higher education. It consists of both the acquisition of professional knowledge, skills, and the formation of a special attitude to professional activity and its attributes. This attitude, called professional identity, allows you to successfully integrate professional activity into a person’s life. As a result of the analysis of modern research on professional identity, two main approaches to its consideration can be distinguished. The personal approach determines the relationship to the elements of professional activity. Within this approach, identity is interpreted as a set of cognitive, affective and motivational components. However, the most common model of professional identity development developed in this approach assesses the overall development of all three components. The social approach is based on the degree of coincidence of personal values and motives of a person with the values and motives of the professional community. This approach is rarely used in empirical studies of professional identity. Research on a student sample is practically absent. An analysis of modern empirical research has shown that the level of professional identity of senior students lags far behind the level of professionals, even with little work experience. The data obtained show that there is indeed a connection between the levels of identity development in the personal and social approaches. The nature of the relationship suggests that one of the factors slowing down the development of professional identity in a university is the lack of sufficient professional experience.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):130-137
130-137
Theoretical and methodological modelling of a definition “psychological maturity” of a personality
Abstract
Different aspects in a definition of “psychological maturity” of personality are discussed in this article. Psychological approaches are presented, the subject of which is the study of various aspects of maturity of the personality, including psychological maturity There is no single unambiguous definition. In order to experientially study the psychological maturity of the personality, to find ways of its development and formation, it is necessary to possess terminology, to be able to differentiate the qualities of the mature personality, to relate them to the stages of development, understand the directions of further development of psychologically mature personality. Guided by this rationale, a theoretical analysis of psychological approaches to the study of a mature and psychologically mature person, is performed. Scientific ideas about psychological maturity of identity from the positions of domestic and foreign authors have been updated. Various approaches to the problem of maturity’s development have been analyzed. Multidisciplinary approach to understanding maturity of personality has been substantiated and applied. The characteristics of mature and psychologically mature personality in the perspective of his/her ontogenesis have been determined and compared. From the standpoint of humanistic approach, the features of the personality that characterize the psychologically mature person, have been given. The levels of this category have been proved. The level modelling of formation and development of psychological personality’s maturity is presented. To conclude, directions of development of psychologically mature person – intrapersonal and interpersonal are shown.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):138-146
138-146
Academic adaptation of students with mental disabilities and peculiarities of cognitive profile: theoretical analysis
Abstract
Due to the growing number of students with mental disabilities entering universities, it became interesting for researchers to study the problems of their academic adaptation. In addition to a widely investigated range of peculiarities of these students’ cognitive profile, their adaptation and formation of readiness for academic challenges is also attractive for making a research. The nature and number of social, academic and other barriers’ impacts on students with disabilities differ from those, which ordinary students face when entering a University. The number of psychological problems increases owing to the negative impact of external factors, which should be revealed and resolved not only by Support-services of the University, but also by teachers and other stuff in direct contact with students with disabilities. The main problem of improving the process of academic adaptation and overcoming psychological barriers is the lack of available empirical data based on the personal experience of students with disabilities. The article contains the analysis of works and studies on different aspects of the problem concerning academic adaptation of students with mental disabilities. The article defines priority areas for domestic and foreign researches, finds out similarity and differences between approaches and indicates a lack of theoretical summary made by complex and systematic approaches in the field of academic adaptation of students with mental disability.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):147-163
147-163
OVERVIEWS
In memory of the teacher-scientist. To the 100th anniversary of A. P. Romanov
Abstract
The article gives an idea of the people and events in our country in the early 1950s on the example of the life of Alexei Petrovich Romanov, a graduate of the Tomsk pedagogical institute, a student and colleague of professor F. F. Shamakhov. A. P. Romanov is known as a publicist on scientific and pedagogical topics, the author of informative and profound pedagogical articles and scientific research, including the candidate degree thesis “Children’s clubs as the basis of educational work of schoolchildren”. A. P. Romanov’s doctoral dissertation “Children’s and teenage clubs in the system of public education in the USSR (historical and pedagogical aspect)” significantly expanded the current club topics throughout the country. Already in the years of student studies of A. P. Romanov, the famous Tomsk scientist in the field of the history of pedagogy F. F. Shamakhov noted the high research potential of his student, predicted the further successful scientific growth of a promising young man. Throughout his life, the wise teacher F.F. Shamakhov provided him moral, paternally caring and friendly human support, stimulated scientific confidence in creative searches. In this article, now halfforgotten epistolary genre in the author’s edition of the academicians of the Russian Academy of Education is used as evidence of the high culture of written communication of the scientific intelligentsia of the 20th century.
Pedagogical Review. 2023;(2):164-172
164-172
REVIEWS
173-177